Latent transition of social participation and its effects on depression among older adults in China: A National Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVES: As populations age, the issue of social participation among older adults has gained prominence. Studies indicate variability in social participation trajectories among this demographic, yet the transition patterns and their effects on depression remain unclear. This longitudinal study aims to explore the latent classes and transition patterns in social participation among older adults and to evaluate their effects on depression. METHODS: Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2014 (T1) and 2018 (T2) were analyzed, including 2293 older adults. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify latent classes of social participation at T1 and T2, as well as the transition probabilities between these classes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine predictors of transitions, and depression levels at T2 were compared across transition patterns. RESULTS: The LCA results supported a 3-class model labeled as low, moderate, and high social participation. The probabilities of remaining stable and transitioning to other classes were similar across the three classes (ranging from 0.50 to 0.54). Age, gender, and other baseline characteristics emerged as significant predictors of transition patterns. Older adults experiencing positive transitions exhibited reduced depression compared to those in their original class over time, while those with negative transitions showed increased depression. CONCLUSIONS: This research prompts a deep understanding of social participation dynamics in older adults and their effects on depression. Identifying social participation classes and transition patterns could inform interventions to enhance social participation and reduce depression among older adults.

Latent transition analysis of instrumental activities of daily living in Chinese elderly: based on the 2014-2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

BACKGROUND: The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among the elderly have been found to be heterogeneous, with different trajectories. However, the transition of the IADL over time remains unclear. We aimed to explore the transition probabilities and the predictors of IADL among the elderly. METHODS: Longitudinal data from the 2014 (T1) and 2018 (T2) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were extracted. A sample of 2,944 participants aged 65 years or older, with complete responses to the IADL scale, was included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify latent profiles of IADL and investigate the transition probabilities between profiles from T1 to T2. The predictors of latent profiles and transition probabilities were examined using multinomial regression analysis. RESULTS: The results of LPA at both T1 and T2 supported a 4-profile model solution. They were labeled as the "Normal function profile," "Mildly impaired profile," "Moderately impaired profile," and "Highly impaired profile". The Normal function profile and Highly impaired profile were characterized by maintaining stability rather than transitioning over time, with transition probabilities of 0.71 and 0.68, respectively, for maintaining stability. The Mildly impaired profile and Moderately impaired profile were characterized by a stronger tendency towards transition rather than stability, with transition probabilities of 0.29 and 0.45, respectively, of transitioning to the Highly impaired profile. The transition probabilities from the three impaired function profiles to the Normal function profile ranged from 0.05 to 0.19. Age, gender, place of residence, and social participation were significant predictors of profile attribution at T1 and transition probabilities over time. CONCLUSIONS: This study employed the LTA to examine the transition probability of IADL among the Chinese elderly. By recognizing the different profiles of IADL and understanding the factors associated with transitions among the elderly, interventions can be tailored to improve their functional independence and successful reintegration into families and society.

The ratio of parasternal intercostal muscle-thickening fraction-to-diaphragm thickening fraction for predicting weaning failure.

BACKGROUND: Diaphragm dysfunction is associated with weaning outcomes in mechanical ventilation patients, in the case of diaphragm dysfunction, the accessory respiratory muscles would be recruited. The main purpose of this study is to explore the performance of parasternal intercostal muscle thickening fraction in relation to diaphragmatic thickening fraction ratio (TFic1/TFdi2) for predicting weaning outcomes, and compare its accuracy with D-RSBI in predicting weaning failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients from 7/2022-5/2023. We measured TFic, TFdi, and diaphragmatic excursion (DE3) by ultrasound and calculated the TFic/TFdi ratio and diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index (D-RSBI4). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC5) curves evaluated the accuracy of the TFic/TFdi ratio and D-RSBI in predicting weaning failure. RESULTS: 161 were included in the final analysis, 114 patients (70.8%) were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. The TFic/TFdi ratio (AUROC = 0.887 (95% CI: 0.821-0.953)) was superior to the D-RSBI (AUROC = 0.875 (95% CI: 0.807-0.944)) for predicting weaning failure. CONCLUSIONS: The TFic/TFdi ratio predicted weaning failure with high accuracy and outperformed the D-RSBI.

Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in Tianjin, China, from September 2022 to March 2023. Participants aged 18-35 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 442 participants, four dietary patterns were identified: Legume-Nut, Alcohol-Meat, Sugar-Processed, and Egg-Vegetable. The Legume-Nut dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08-6.37), while the Egg-Vegetable dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.70). No significant associations were found for the Sugar-Processed and Alcohol-Meat patterns. Subgroup analysis revealed that the Legume-Nut pattern increased the risk of metabolic syndrome among those with irregular physical activity, whereas the Egg-Vegetable pattern decreased the risk. These findings highlight the significant influence of dietary patterns on the risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the modifying effect of regular physical activity, underscoring the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in this population.

Multi-Trajectories of Symptoms and their Associations with Unplanned 30-day Hospital Readmission among Patients with Heart Failure: A longitudinal study.

AIMS: This study aimed to uncover hidden patterns and predictors of symptom multi-trajectories within 30 days after discharge in patients with heart failure and assess the risk of unplanned 30-day hospital readmission in different patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 in four third-class hospitals in Tianjin, China. A total of 301 patients with heart failure were enrolled in the cohort, and 248 patients completed a 30-day follow-up after discharge. Three multi-trajectory groups were identified: mild symptom status (24.19%), moderate symptom status (57.26%), and severe symptom status (18.55%). With the mild symptom status group as a reference, physical frailty, psychological frailty, and comorbid renal dysfunction were predictors of the moderate symptom status group. Physical frailty, psychological frailty, resilience, taking diuretics, and comorbid renal dysfunction were predictors of the severe symptom status group. Compared with the mild symptom status group, the severe symptom status group was significantly associated with high unplanned 30-day hospital readmission risks. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified three distinct multi-trajectory groups among patients with heart failure within 30 days after discharge. The severe symptom status group was associated with a significantly increased risk of unplanned 30-day hospital readmission. Common and different factors predicted different symptom multi-trajectories. Healthcare providers should assess the physical and psychological frailty and renal dysfunction of patients with heart failure before discharge. Inpatient care aimed at alleviating physical and psychological frailty and enhancing resilience may be important to improve patients' symptom development post-discharge.