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1.
Public Health Nutr ; : 1-11, 2020 Oct 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33059791

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal anthropometric cut-off points for predicting the likelihood ratios of hypertension and diabetes in the Peruvian population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed to establish cut-off values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity index (C-index) associated with increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Youden's index (YIndex), area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. SETTING: Peruvian households. PARTICIPANTS: Peruvian population over the age of 18 years. RESULTS: A total of 31 553 subjects were included, 57 % being women. Among the women, 53·06 % belonged to the 25- to 44-year-old age group [mean age: 41·66 in men and 40·02 in women]. The mean BMI, WHtR and C-index values were higher in women 27·49, 0·61, 1·30, respectively, while the mean WC value was higher in men 92·12 cm (sd ± 11·28). The best predictors of hypertension in men were the WHtR (AUC = 0·64) and the C-index (AUC = 0·64) with an optimal cut-off point of 0·57 (YIndex = 0·284) and 1·301 (YIndex = 0·284), respectively. Women showed an AUC of 0·63 and 0·61 in the WHtR and C-index, respectively, with an optimal cut-off of 0·61 (YIndex = 0·236) and 1·323 (YIndex = 0·225). The best predictor for diabetes was the C-index: with an AUC = 0·67 and an optimal cut-off of 1·337 (YIndex = 0·346) for men and an AUC = 0·66 and optimal cut-off of 1·313 (YIndex = 0·319) for women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that in Peruvian adults, the WHtR and the C-index have the strongest association with hypertension in both sexes. Likewise, the C-index had the strongest association with diabetes.

2.
Health Promot Int ; 35(4): 714-729, 2020 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31302691

RESUMO

The Healthy Municipalities and Communities Strategy (HMCS) was developed by the Pan American Health Organization in 1990. Evaluation and monitoring are fundamental components of health promotion policies. The aim of this study is to explore the indicators used in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries to assess the performance of HMCS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, BVSDE and Google Advanced Search for documents published between January 2000 and April 2016. We included only documents with assessment indicators of the strategy. All articles were independently assessed for eligibility by pairs of reviewers. We classified the indicators with a supporting framework proposed by O'Neill and Simard (Choosing indicators to evaluate Healthy Cities projects: a political task? Health Promot Int 2006, 21, 145-152.). Local level indicators figured far more prominently among countries and were distributed both in projects and specific activities. Regarding the evolution of the HMCS, indicators were reported in the five levels of analysis (local projects and activities, provincial, national and international networks). Empowerment was represented through the presence of active community organizations and different methods of community participation (forums, open hearing and participation maps). Public policies (such as for tobacco cessation) and bylaws adherence and changes in school's curricula regarding healthy eating were frequently mentioned. However, this review demonstrated that impact indicators related to lifestyle changes or built environment are not clearly defined and there is a lack of indicators to measure progress in achieving change in long-term outcomes in LAC. We highlight the importance of designing validated indicators for measuring the impact of health promotion policies in partnership with each country involved.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Saúde Pública , Saúde da População Urbana , Região do Caribe , Participação da Comunidade , Política de Saúde , América Latina
3.
PLoS One ; 15(3): e0229793, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32155183

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The northeastern region of Argentina has the highest age-adjusted cervical cancer mortality rates. Given the strong link between HPV infections and cervical cancer, one of the main interventions is the population-based use of HPV vaccines. However, the acceptability is not very clear in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of HPV vaccine acceptance and associated determinants among caregivers of girls in a northeastern city of Argentina. METHODS: A school-based survey was conducted in 2015 using a multistage sampling method. The primary sample unit were schools stratified by socioeconomic status selected at random, and caregivers of school girls were interviewed. The acceptability was determined using the adapted Theory of Planned Behavior. We performed logistic regression models to assess associated determinants. RESULTS: The study included 347 caregivers. The intention to vaccinate was 59.88%. A positive attitude of caregivers (aOR 4.67; 3.11-7.03) and positive influence of social norms (aOR 1.95; 1.03-3.70) were the main predictors independently associated to the intention to vaccinate against HPV. In contrast, practicing a Christian non-Catholic religion decreased the intention to vaccinate against HPV (OR 0.59; 0.36-0.95). All other factors evaluated were not significantly associated with intention to vaccinate against HPV. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that evaluating attitudes, normative social beliefs, and perceived self-efficacy regarding HPV vaccination can be of utmost importance for mapping and planning of health-related strategies in developing countries.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Cuidadores/psicologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/psicologia , Adulto , Argentina , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Intenção , Normas Sociais
4.
Am J Prev Med ; 57(1): 95-105, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31128958

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Statins are essential drugs for high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management; however, there is still low adherence to good clinical practice guidelines for statin use at the primary care level in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to test whether a complex intervention targeting physicians improves treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia among patients with moderate to high CVD risk in Argentina. STUDY DESIGN: Cluster RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Ten primary care centers from the public healthcare system of Argentina. INTERVENTION: Primary care physicians in the intervention group received an educational program with three main components: (1) an intensive 2-day training workshop; (2) educational outreach visits; and (3) a mobile health application installed on the physician's smartphones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reduction in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, reduction in mean Framingham risk score, proportion of patients receiving an appropriate statin dose, and mean annual number of primary care center visits. RESULTS: Data were analyzed in 2017-2018. Between April 2015 and April 2016, a total of 357 participants were enrolled (179 patients in the intervention group and 178 in the control group). The global follow-up rate was 97.2%. At the end of the follow-up period, there was no difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in any of the follow-up points among the groups. Mean CVD risk had a significant net difference in the first 6 months in the intervention group versus the control group (-4.0, 95% CI = -6.5, -1.5). At the end of follow-up, there was an absolute 41.5% higher rate of participants receiving an appropriate statin dose in the intervention group versus the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the intervention did not reach a reduction in cholesterol levels, it had a significant positive impact on the promotion of adequate use of clinical practice guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02380911.


Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Médicos de Atenção Primária/educação , Telemedicina/tendências , Argentina , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Guias como Assunto/normas , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aplicativos Móveis/tendências , Fatores de Risco
5.
Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba ; 75(4): 279-287, 2018 12 27.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30734707

RESUMO

Introduction: After vector-borne transmission, the congenital form is the most important to maintain the endemic. The probability of congenital transmission may depend on factors that vary between different countries and geographic areas. This study was carried out with the objective of estimating the proportion of congenital transmission of Chagas disease and maternal factors associated to the T. cruzi infection in newborns and their siblings during 2011 in four hospitals of the Province of Chaco. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed. A home visit was made to children aged above 10 months born during 2011 whom their mother present T cruzi infection. Blood samples were taken from both the newborns and their siblings and were processed for diagnosis of T. cruzi infection with HAI and ELISA. We found 247 mothers infected with T cruzi, and blood samples were obtained from 246 newborns and 556 of their siblings. Results: Of the 246 children born in 2011, a total of 6.1% (95% CI = 3.6-9.6) resulted with positive serology, as well as 7.7% of their siblings (95% CI = 5.7-10.1) and the clinic visits of those born in 2011 and their siblings in the health center was associated with a lower probability of congenital transmission (OR = 0.21 and 0.36, respectively). Conclusions: The transmission rate is consistent with the values reported in Argentina and only multiparity was a mother factor associated with the higher probability of congenital transmission.


Introducción: Luego de la transmisión vectorial, la congénita, es la forma más importante para mantener la endemia. La probabilidad de transmisión congénita puede depender de factores que varían entre los diferentes países y áreas geográficas. Se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de estimar la proporción de transmisión congénita y explorar factores maternos asociados a la enfermedad de Chagas en niños al nacer y sus respectivos hermanos en cuatro hospitales de la Provincia del Chaco. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se realizó una visita al domicilio de niños de 10 meses de edad o mayores, nacidos durante el año 2011, hijos de mujeres con infección por T cruzi. Se extrajeron muestras sanguíneas tanto de los niños al nacer como de sus hermanos y se procesaron para diagnóstico de infección por T cruzi con HAI y ELISA. Resultados: Se localizaron a 247 madres infectadas con T. cruzi, y se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 246 niños al nacer y de 556 de sus hermanos. Del total de nacidos en el año 2011, el 6,1% (IC 95%= 3,6-9,6) resultaron con serología positiva, así como 7,7%; de sus hermanos (IC 95%= 5,7-10,1) y el control de salud de ambos niños en el centro de atención primaria se asoció con una menor probabilidad de transmisión congénita (OR=0,21 y 0,36 respectivamente).Conclusión. La tasa de transmisión es consistente con los valores reportados en el país y solo la multiparidad fue un factor asociado a la mayor probabilidad de transmisión congénita. Conclusión: La tasa de transmisión es consistente con los valores reportados en el país y solo la multiparidad fue un factor asociado a la mayor probabilidad de transmisión congénita.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Irmãos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mães , Distribuição de Poisson , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação
6.
Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba ; 75(3): 168-175, 2018 09 20.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30296023

RESUMO

Introduction: In Avia Terai city, in Northeast of Argentina, a local program of Prevention and Control of Chagas disease was developed, guided by the principles of Primary Health Care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in knowledge regarding Chagas disease after the implementation of the strategy of Information, Education and Social Communication component of the local program in the urban area of Avia Terai in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in two moments. A multistage sampling was carried out. The unit of analysis corresponded to heads of household of the selected house. A questionnaire adapted from Sanmartino and Crocco was used, which includes 3 dimensions and 15 basic knowledge referring to Chagas disease. Results. 609 residents were surveyed. Regarding the level of basic knowledge about Chagas disease, in level III an increase was observed in 2012 with respect to the previous year, from 56.6% to 66.2% (p> 0.0001). While regarding the congenital transmission, a decrease in the proportion of correct responses was observed. Conclusion. After the implementation of a local program of information, education and social communication, an increase in basic knowledge about Chagas disease was observed. Results: 609 residents were surveyed. Regarding the level of basic knowledge about Chagas disease, in level III an increase was observed in 2012 with respect to the previous year, from 56.6% to 66.2% (p> 0.0001). While regarding the congenital transmission, a decrease in the proportion of correct responses was observed. Conclusion: After the implementation of a local program of information, education and social communication, an increase in basic knowledge about Chagas disease was observed.


Introducción: En la localidad de Avia Terai, Noreste de Argentina, se desarrolló un programa local de Prevención y Control de la enfermedad de Chagas orientado en los principios de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue evaluar el cambio en los conocimientos respecto a la enfermedad de Chagas luego de la implementación de la estrategia del componente de información, educación y comunicación social del programa local en la zona urbana de la localidad de Avia Terai en el año 2012. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño de corte transversal en dos momentos. Se realizó un muestreo polietápico por conglomerados. La unidad de análisis correspondió a jefes y jefas de hogar de la vivienda sorteada. Se utilizó el cuestionario adaptado de Sanmartino y Crocco, el cual incluye 3 dimensiones y 15 conocimientos básicos, referidos a la enfermedad de Chagas. Resultados: En cuanto al nivel de conocimientos básicos sobre la enfermedad de Chagas, en el nivel III se observó un aumento en el año 2012 respecto del año anterior, de 56,6% al 66,2% (p>0,0001). Mientras que en cuanto a la forma de transmisión congénita, se observó una disminución de la proporción de respuestas correctas respecto al año anterior. Conclusión: Luego de la implementación de un programa local de información, educación y comunicación social, se observó un aumento en los conocimientos básicos sobre la enfermedad de Chagas.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto , Animais , Argentina , Participação da Comunidade , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Masculino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536011

RESUMO

Introduction: Kidneys are affected by the aging process, usually suffering a progressive glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction of around 1 ml/year as of 30 years of age. Nevertheless, few older subjects show a stable GFR over time. This phenomenon has not been exhaustively studied, and even less in the Southern Cone. Aim: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of preserved GFR in a representative sample of older adults and explore the association between cardiovascular risk factors and preserved GFR in older individuals. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 1571 participants aged 65-74 years from 4 cities of the Southern Cone. We describe the prevalence of eGFR ≥80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and sociodemographic, biological, behavioral risk factors and medication use. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to study the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on eGFR ≥80 ml/min. Results: In this study, 962 had an eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 154 were healthy adults (Prevalence= 17.01% (95%CI 14.5%; 19.9%)). The median eGFR in the full sample was 85.53 ml/min/1.73 m² (IQR: 73.12-91.26). The prevalence of eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 was higher among men. Overall, older adults with no cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 were predominantly men and showed a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The present study documented that 17% of healthy older individuals have preserved glomerular filtration rate (eGFR>80 ml/min/1.73 m2) despite their advanced age.


Introducción: Los riñones se ven afectados por el proceso de envejecimiento, sufriendo habitualmente una reducción progresiva de la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) de alrededor de 1 ml/año a partir de los 30 años de edad. Sin embargo, son pocos los sujetos de edad avanzada que muestran una TFG estable a lo largo del tiempo. Este fenómeno no ha sido estudiado exhaustivamente, y menos aún en el Cono Sur. Objetivo: El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de la TFG conservada en una muestra representativa de adultos mayores y explorar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la TFG conservada en individuos de edad avanzada. Métodos: Utilizamos datos de una encuesta transversal de una muestra aleatoria de 1571 participantes de 65-74 años de edad de 4 ciudades del Cono Sur. Describimos la prevalencia de FGe ≥80 ml/min/1,73 m2 y los factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, biológicos y conductuales y el uso de medicamentos. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión logística por pasos hacia atrás para estudiar el efecto de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular sobre la TFGe ≥80 ml/min. Resultados: En este estudio, 962 tenían una TFGe >80 ml/min/1,73 m2 y 154 eran adultos sanos (Prevalencia= 17,01% (IC 95% 14,5%; 19,9%)). La mediana de la TFGe en la muestra completa fue de 85,53 ml/min/1,73 m² (IQR: 73,12-91,26). La prevalencia de la TFGe >80 ml/min/1,73 m2 fue mayor entre los hombres. En general, los adultos mayores sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular y con una TFGe >80 ml/min/1,73 m2 eran predominantemente hombres y mostraban una menor prevalencia de dislipidemia. Conclusiones: El presente estudio documentó que el 17% de los individuos mayores sanos tienen una tasa de filtración glomerular preservada (TFGe>80 ml/min/1,73 m2) a pesar de su avanzada edad.

8.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 114(1): 36-43, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26914073

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Argentina, every year, 3000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed and more than 2000 deaths occur as a result of this disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To establish the extent of acceptance of HPV vaccines and associated factors among legal guardians of candidate girls in an area of Resistencia, Chaco. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative study. A single randomized sampling was done based on school enrollment lists. Guardians who reported making decisions regarding girls' health in 2012 were included. A structured questionnaire made up of four constructs was used to measure overall acceptability. The association between overall acceptability and sociodemographic outcome measures was assessed. RESULTS: The rate of acceptance was 46.6% (95% confidence interval: 34.8-58.6). Among guardians, 84.2% were women; their mean age was 38.3 years old (95% confidence interval: 36.7-39.8). Religion was practiced by 86.8% (77.1-93.5), 55.2% were Catholic and 44.8%, Evangelical Protestants. Guardians with more than one candidate girl for the vaccine accounted for 18.9%. Also, 85.5% referred having heard about the virus at some point, and 52.7% knew that a vaccine could prevent it. Acceptance was significantly higher among guardians of those girls who had received the first vaccine dose (OR: 8.02, 95% confidence interval: 2.29-28.01, p= 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of acceptance was low and no association was observed between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and the decision to have girls vaccinated with the HPV vaccine.


INTRODUCCIÓN: En Argentina, se diagnostican 3000 nuevos casos y más de 2000 muertes por cáncer de cuello uterino cada año. El virus del papiloma humano es el principal factor de riesgo en la carcinogénesis cervical. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el nivel de aceptación de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano por parte de los tutores de las niñas candidatas y los factores asociados en un área de Resistencia, Chaco. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualicuantitativo. Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio simple sobre la base de listas escolares. Se incluyeron los tutores que refirieron tomar decisiones respecto a la salud de sus niñas, en el año 2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado en 4 constructos, que medían la aceptabilidad global. Se estudió la asociación entre aceptabilidad global y las variables sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de aceptación fue 46,6% (IC 95%: 34,8-58,6). De los tutores, el 84,2% fueron mujeres; la media de edad fue 38,3 años (IC 95%: 36,7-39,8). La frecuencia de práctica de religión fue 86,8% (77,1-93,5); el 55,2% practicaban la religión católica y el 44,8%, evangelista. El 18,9% tenia más de una niña candidata a recibir la vacuna. El 85,5% refirió que había escuchado hablar del virus en algún momento y el 52,7% conocía la existencia de la vacuna para prevenirlo. La aceptación fue significativamente mayor en los tutores de las niñas que habían recibido la primera dosis de la vacuna (OR 8,02; IC 95%: 2,29-28,01; p= 0,0011). CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de aceptación fue baja y no se encontró una asociación de los factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales con la decisión de vacunar a las niñas contra el virus del papiloma humano.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Argentina , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia
9.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 10(39): 19-24, Julio 2019. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS, ARGMSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1007688

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cánceres de mama (CM) y colorrectal (CCR) presentan una elevada carga de enfermedad en Argentina, por lo que el estudio de la epidemiología de estos tumores constituye una prioridad en salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la prevalencia de antecedentes familiares de CM y CCR, y estimar la incidencia de los tumores en adultos de 35 a 74 años de dos ciudades de Argentina: Bariloche y Marcos Paz. MÉTODOS: En el marco de la cohorte prospectiva de población general CESCAS I (Estudio de detección y seguimiento de enfermedad cardiovascular y factores de riesgo en el Cono Sur de Latinoamérica), se recolectó información individual sobre antecedentes familiares de CM y CCR en una muestra representativa de las ciudades de Bariloche y Marcos Paz. Los casos de cáncer fueron investigados mediante documentación médica respaldatoria. RESULTADOS: Durante 2016-2017 se obtuvo información de 3245 participantes. El 8,4% de la población reportó antecedente familiar de CCR, y el 15,2% de las mujeres, de CM. La incidencia anual para el período 2011-2017 fue de 55,2/100 000 mujeres de 35 a 74 años (IC95%: 22,8-133,7) para CM y 8,5/100 000 adultos de 35 a 74 años (IC95%: 15,3-96,8) para CCR. CONCLUSIONES: Además de garantizar el acceso universal a los programas de tamizaje, se debe tener en cuenta la importancia de indagar sobre los antecedentes familiares de cáncer para identificar pacientes con riesgo aumentado, que requieren algoritmos particulares de detección temprana y vigilancia.


INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) both present a high burden of disease in Argentina. Hence, studying the epidemiology of these tumors constitutes a public health priority. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of family history of BC and CRC and to estimate the incidence of these tumors in adults aged between 35 and 74 years from two cities in Argentina: Bariloche and Marcos Paz. METHODS: As part of the prospective population-based cohort CESCAS I (Study of detection and monitoring of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the Southern Cone of Latin America), individual information on family history of BC and CRC was collected from a representative sample of the cities of Bariloche and Marcos Paz. Cancer cases were investigated using supporting medical documentation. RESULTS: During 2016-2017, information from 3245 participants was obtained. Family history of CRC was reported by 8.4% of the population, and 15.2% of women reported a family history of BC. The annual incidence for the 2011-2017 period was 55.2/100 000 women aged 35 to 74 years (95%CI: 22.8-133.7) for BC and 38.5/100 000 adults aged 35 to 74 years (95%CI: 15.3-96.8) for CRC.CONCLUSIONS: Besides guaranteeing universal access to screening programs, it is important to evaluate family history of cancer to identify patients with increased risk, who require specific early detection and surveillance algorithms.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Anamnese/métodos
10.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(1): 36-43, feb. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838163

RESUMO

Introducción. En Argentina, se diagnostican 3000 nuevos casos y más de 2000 muertes por cáncer de cuello uterino cada año. El virus del papiloma humano es el principal factor de riesgo en la carcinogénesis cervical. Objetivos. Determinar el nivel de aceptación de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano por parte de los tutores de las niñas candidatas y los factores asociados en un área de Resistencia, Chaco. Métodos. Estudio cualicuantitativo. Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio simple sobre la base de listas escolares. Se incluyeron los tutores que refirieron tomar decisiones respecto a la salud de sus niñas, en el año 2012. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado en 4 constructos, que medían la aceptabilidad global. Se estudió la asociación entre aceptabilidad global y las variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. La frecuencia de aceptación fue 46,6% (IC 95%: 34,8-58,6). De los tutores, el 84,2% fueron mujeres; la media de edad fue 38,3 años (IC 95%: 36,7-39,8). La frecuencia de práctica de religión fue 86,8% (77,1-93,5); el 55,2% practicaban la religión católica y el 44,8%, evangelista. El 18,9% tenia más de una niña candidata a recibir la vacuna. El 85,5% refirió que había escuchado hablar del virus en algún momento y el 52,7% conocía la existencia de la vacuna para prevenirlo. La aceptación fue significativamente mayor en los tutores de las niñas que habían recibido la primera dosis de la vacuna (OR 8,02; IC 95%: 2,29-28,01; p= 0,0011). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de aceptación fue baja y no se encontró una asociación de los factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales con la decisión de vacunar a las niñas contra el virus del papiloma humano.


Introduction, In Argentina, every year, 3000new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed and more than 2000 deaths occur as a result of this disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. Objectives. To establish the extent of acceptance of HPV vaccines and associated factors among legal guardians of candidate girls in an area of Resistencia, Chaco. Methods. Qualitative and quantitative study. A single randomized sampling was done based on school enrollment lists. Guardians who reported making decisions regarding girls' health in 2012 were included. A structured questionnaire made up offour constructs was used to measure overall acceptability. The association between overall acceptability and sociodemographic outcome measures was assessed. Results. The rate of acceptance was 46.6% (95% confidence interval: 34.8-58.6). Among guardians, 84.2% were women; their mean age was 38.3 years old (95% confidence interval: 36.7-39.8). Religion was practiced by 86.8% (77.1-93.5), 55.2% were Catholic and 44.8%, Evangelical Protestants. Guardians with more than one candidate girl for the vaccine accounted for 18.9%. Also, 85.5% referred having heard about the virus at some point, and 52.7% knew that a vaccine could prevent it. Acceptance was significantly higher among guardians of those girls who had received the first vaccine dose (OR: 8.02, 95% confidence interval: 2.29-28.01, p= 0.0011). Conclusions. The rate of acceptance was low and no association was observed between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and the decision to have girls vaccinated with the HPV vaccine.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico
11.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 2(9): 6-10, dic. 2011. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-620318

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la ciudad de Avia Terai, Chaco, existe un plan para implementar un programa local destinado a prevenir y controlar la enfermedad de Chagas. OBJETIVO: El objetivo general de este trabajo fue describir el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes en relación con la enfermedad de Chagas. MÉTODOS: El estudio fue de corte transversal. Se realizó una encuesta poblacional por muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados, que utilizó como unidad de muestreo las manzanas de la localidad y como unidad de análisis a los jefes y jefas de hogar. Se aplicó un cuestionario, que exploró 15 conocimientos básicos relacionados con la enfermedad de Chagas. El nivel de conocimientos básicos (CB) se clasificó de acuerdo con la cantidad de preguntas respondidas correctamente: Nivel I (0 a 4), Nivel II (5 a 9) y Nivel III (10 a 15).RESULTADOS: Las 621 personas encuestadas mostraron una media de 44 ± 16 años de edad, con un 78% de sexo femenino y una media de años de escolaridad de 5,4 ± 4. El 5,5% correspondió al Nivel I de CB; el 37,8%, al Nivel II; y el 56,7%, al Nivel III. El segundo ítem con menor porcentaje de respuestas correctas fue el de la existencia de la transmisión congénita (13,8%). CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los jefes y jefas de hogar disponen de los conocimientos básicos acerca de la enfermedad de Chagas, pero es preocupante la falta de información acerca de la transmisión congénita.


INTRODUCTION: In Avia Terai (province of Chaco, Argentina), there is a plan to implement a health local program for prevention and control of Chagas disease. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to describe the level ofknowledge and attitudes about Chagas disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. It included a population survey using cluster sampling, with block as sampling unit and head of household as analysis unit. The questionnaire explored 15 factors related to basic knowledge about Chagas disease. The basic knowledge (BK) was classified according to the number of right answers: Level I (0-4), Level II (5-9) and Level III (10-15). RESULTS: 621 persons were interviewed, the average age was 44 ± 16 years, with 78% of female population and an average years of schooling of 5.4 ± 4. Level I included 5.5%; Level II, 37.8%; and Level III, 56.7%. Congenital transmission was the item with the second lowest percentage of right answers (13.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of heads of household has some basic knowledge about Chagas disease, but the lack of information about congenital transmission is worrying.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Chagas , Estudos Transversais , Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Educação em Saúde , Sistemas Locais de Saúde/organização & administração
12.
Rev. Fac. Med. Univ. Nac. Nordeste ; 32(2): 18-21, jun.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-722444

RESUMO

Introducción: las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud (IACS) constituyen una carga para las instituciones de salud, no sólo por su morbilidad y mortalidad, sino también por las implicaciones económicas. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de punto de las IACS y los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición. Métodos : estudio descriptivo transversal. Unidad de análisis : todo paciente internado en el hospital. Criterios de inclusión : todo paciente que al momento de la encuesta se encuentre internado por 48 hs. o más en el hospital. Fuente de datos : historias clínicas, entrevistas con los médicos tratantes, registros de microbiología. Se construyó un formulario de relevamientos de datos. Análisis estadístico : descriptiva (media y desvio) y proporciones. Test ji cuadrado, nivel de significación <0,01 y correción de Fisher. OR con IC al 95...


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Viabilidade Microbiana , Microbiologia
13.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 3(13): 19-23, dic. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-682831

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La vía congénita es una de las principales formas de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas: afecta desde un 0,7 a un 17% de los niños nacidos de madres infectadas por Trypanosoma cruzi OBJETIVOS: Calcular la cantidad de infectados por T. cruzi entre niños nacidos de madres diagnosticadas con Chagas durante 2010 y sus hermanos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se definió como caso índice a toda mujer embarazada residente en el departamento chaqueño de San Fernando con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Chagas en 2010. Se efectuaron visitas en el domicilio de las mujeres y se extrajeron muestras a sus hijos, que fueron procesadas por la red pública de laboratorios mediante Hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI ) y Ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA), definiendo las discordancias con Inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI). RESULTADOS: Se localizó a 71 madres que cumplían la definición de caso. Entre las encuestadas, 65 (92,9%) conocían su diagnóstico de infección por T. cruzi; de las cuales 4 (5,8%) realizaban controles cardiológicos anuales. Por cada tres puérperas con Chagas, se diagnosticó un infectado adicional. De 188 muestras de hijos de madres infectadas con el parásito, 23 resultaron positivas: la proporción de transmisión por vía congénita fue del 12,2% (IC 95%: 7,2-17,1). CONCLUSIONES: La proporción de infección congénita encontrada no difiere significativamente de las de la región y América Latina en general.


INTRODUCTION: The congenital transmission of Chagas disease is one of the most important, affecting between 0.7 to 17% of children born to Trypanosoma cruzi infected mothers. OBJECTIVES: To calculate the number of T. cruzi infected children among those born to mothers diagnosed with the infection in 2010 and their siblings. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Anindex case was defined as a pregnant woman living in San Fernando Department (Province of Chaco) diagnosed with Chagas disease in 2010. The samples collected in children during home visits were processed by the network of public laboratories through indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and ELISA, resolving the discordance with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) RESULTS: A total of 71 mothers met the case definition. 65 (92.9%) of the women surveyed knew their diagnosis, of which 4 (5.8%) had annual heart checks done. Among positive cases, 4 (5.8%) received an etiological treatment. There was an additional infection diagnosis for every three cases with Chagas. Out of a total of 188 samples of children from infected mothers. 23 were positive, which means that the rate of congenital transmission was 12.2% (CI 95%: 7.2-17.1). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of congenital transmission does not differ significantly from the ones in the region and Latin America in general.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Controle de Vetores de Doenças
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