Advancing in Cesium Retention: Application of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Composites.

A serious risk that harms the safe use of water and affects aquatic ecosystems is water pollution. This occurs when the water's natural equilibrium is disrupted by an excessive amount of substances, both naturally occurring and as a byproduct of human activities, that have varied degrees of toxicity. Radiation from Cs isotopes, which are common components of radioactive waste and are known for their long half-lives (30 years), which are longer than the natural decay processes, is a major source of contamination. Adsorption is a commonly used technique for reducing this kind of contamination, and zeolite chabazite has been chosen as the best adsorbent for cesium in this particular situation. The purpose of this research is to investigate a composite material based on magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Magnesium oxide (MgO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and properly selected retarders are used to create the MPC. The optimal conditions for this composite material are investigated through the utilization of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, BET surface area analysis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The principal aim is to enable innovations in the elimination of radioactive waste-contaminated water using effective cesium removal. The most promising results were obtained by using KH2PO4 as an acid, and MgO as a base, and aiming for an M/P ratio of two or four. Furthermore, we chose zeolite chabazite as a crucial component. The best adsorption abilities for Cs were found at Qads = 106.997 mg/g for S2 and Qads = 122.108 mg/g for S1. As a result, zeolite is an eco-friendly material that is a potential usage option, with many benefits, such as low prices, stability, and ease of regeneration and use.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Composite Materials Based on Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Fluoride Retention.

In this research work, new composite materials based on magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) were developed to evaluate the retention of fluorine from wastewater. This material was prepared with dead burned magnesia oxide (MgO), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), and some retarding agents. We chose to synthesize with hydrogen peroxide instead of water; alumina and zeolite were also added to the cement. The obtained optimal conditions were studied and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorbents showed a strong ability to remove fluoride from contaminated water, and the best defluoridation capacity was evaluated as 2.21 mg/g for the H2O2 cement. Equilibrium modeling was performed, and the experimental data were presented according to the isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich.

Study of Modified Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Fluoride Removal.

In this study, we used a novel composite material based on magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) to explore the retention of fluoride from used water. Dead-burned magnesium oxide (MgO), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), and a few retarders were used to create this particular substance. Several studies have corroborated the performance of using aluminum in the capture of fluoride. From this perspective, we attempted to reinforce our matrix with different quantities of aluminum, which increased the resistance of the composite in water. The optimal conditions that were obtained were evaluated and scrutinized using a range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The adsorbents demonstrated a powerful ability to remove fluoride from contaminated water and the defluoridation capacity was evaluated at 4.84 mg/g. Equilibrium modeling was carried out, and the experimental data were expressed in accordance with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.

Study of Structural, Compression, and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe65Ni28Mn7 Alloy Prepared by Arc Melting, Mechanical Alloying, and Spark Plasma Sintering.

Soft magnetic Fe65Ni28Mn7 (at. %) alloy was successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS) and, in parallel, the same composition was prepared by arc melting (AM) for comparison. Several SPS conditions were tested. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure, phase composition, and morphology of the samples. It was found that mechanical alloying produced BCC and FCC supersaturated solid solution after 130 h of milling, with a fine microstructure (i.e., crystallite size of 10 nm). Spark plasma sintering performed at 750 °C and 1000 °C under two pressures of 50 MPa and 75 MPa revealed stable FCC phases. A single FCC phase was observed after the arc melting synthesis. The magnetic properties of milled powders and solids obtained by AM and SPS were investigated. The specimen consolidated by SPS at 1000 °C under the pressure of 50 MPa exhibits soft magnetic behavior (coercivity 0.07 Oe), whereas the mechanically alloyed sample revealed hard magnetic behavior. The specimen consolidated at 750 °C under a pressure of 75 MPa showed a higher compressive strength of 1700 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 425 ± 18 HV. As a result, sintering at 750 °C/75 MPa can be utilized to enhance the mechanical properties, while those sintered at 1000 °C/50 MPa increase magnetic softness.

Properties of High-Entropy Fe30Co20Ni20Mn20Al10 Alloy Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling.

A high-entropy Fe30Co20Ni20Mn20Al10 (at%) alloy with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline phase was produced through mechanical alloying. This study examined the development of its phases, microstructure, morphology, and magnetic characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to assess the sample morphology in relation to milling times. The changes that the material underwent during milling were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The milling time affected the phase transformation. A single FCC solid solution (crystallite size = 12 nm) was found after 50 h of milling. Additionally, the magnetic characteristics were examined and shown to be associated with microstructural changes. The powder mixture exhibited behavior consistent with soft magnetics, with an Hc value of 8 Am-1 and an Ms value of 165 emu/g. The excellent soft magnetic characteristic may be related to the stability of the FCC phase, which was generated following a 30 h milling process. In addition, the low value of Ms may have originated from the presence of Al atoms in the solid solution and the development of large densities of interfaces and crystal defects.