RESUMO
In order to promote the commercialization of perovskite solar cells, gas-quenching is considered to be a promising technique for perovskite film fabrication. However, when handling with methylammonium-free (MA-free) perovskites, it is often difficult to obtain high-quality perovskite films by gas-quenching. Herein, formate additives are employed to regulate the crystallization of MA-free perovskite, and improve the quality of perovskite films. Different additives of formamidine formate (FAFO) and potassium formate (KFO) is compared to investigate the role of formate groups in the crystallization of perovskite films prepared by gas-quenching. The FAFO additive facilitates the perovskite crystallization in (001) orientation whereas KFO favors for (111) orientation. The MA-free device with addition of FAFO demonstrate a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.94 %, compared to that of 20.14 % for KFO devices. In addition, FAFO device also exhibits improved thermal stability in ambient condition without encapsulation, extending the T80 lifetime by 18â times compared to the pristine device.
RESUMO
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present a growing and costly global health challenge, accounting for over 11% of the diseases burden in high-income countries. Despite current treatments, patients often experience persistent symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Dietary polysaccharides have garnered attention for their potential as interventions for CNS disorders due to their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Through an analysis of research articles published between January 5, 2013 and August 30, 2023, encompassing the intervention effects of dietary polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and stroke, we have conducted a comprehensive review with the aim of elucidating the role and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharides in various CNS diseases, spanning neurodegenerative, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. At least four categories of mechanistic bases are included in the dietary polysaccharides' intervention against CNS disease, which involves oxidative stress reduction, neuronal production, metabolic regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Notably, the ability of dietary polysaccharides to resist oxidation and modulate gut microbiota not only helps to curb the development of these diseases at an early stage, but also holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents for CNS diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive review strives to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders by elucidating the potential of dietary polysaccharides and advocating interdisciplinary collaboration to propel further research in this realm.
RESUMO
Egg white ovomucin (OVM) is homologically related to MUC2, the key component of colonic mucous layer. This study investigated the effects of orally administered OVM from egg white on the colonic mucosal barrier and the development of colitis using a colitis C57BL/6J mice model. The results showed that daily supplementation of 125 and 250 mg/kg BW of OVM partially relieved the villous destruction and loss of intestinal barrier integrity, and hence decreased the epithelial barrier permeability. The supplementation also reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Besides, OVM administration significantly increased the relative abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria including Lactobacilli, Faecalibaculum, Ruminococcus, etc. and further upregulated the production of bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which is a direct source of energy for the proliferation of epithelia and goblet cells. In conclusion, OVM from egg white ameliorates colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier function and abundance of intestinal bacteria, thereby increasing the number of SCFAs.