RESUMO
Introduction: Paediatric Crohn's disease (PCD) often presents with extensive and a frequent pan-enteric phenotype at onset. However, its long term evolution into adulthood, especially since the widespread use of biological agents, is not well characterised. We conducted a single centre cohort study of all PCD patients transitioned to adult care to assess the long term disease evolution in the era of biologic therapy.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational, study of all PCD patients who were subsequently transferred to the care of an adult gastroenterology unit and had a minimum follow up of 2 years. We examined the case notes for evolution of disease location and behaviour. Disease location and behaviour was characterised using Paris classification at diagnosis and Montreal classification at last follow-up. In addition, we examined variables associated with complicated disease behaviour and the need for CD related intestinal resection.Results: In total, 132 patients were included with a median age at diagnosis of 13 (IQR 11-14) and a median follow up of 11 years (range 4-14). At diagnosis, 23 (17.4%), 39 (29.6%) and 70 (53%) patients had ileal, colonic and ileocolonic disease respectively. In addition, 31 (23.5%) patients had L4a or L4b disease at diagnosis (proximal or distal to the ligament of treitz respectively) and 13 patients (9.8%) had both whilst 27 (20.4%) patients had perianal disease. At diagnosis, 27 (20.4%) patients had complicated disease behaviour but 83 (62.9)% of patients had an extensive 'pan-enteric' phenotype. Of these patients only 55 (66.3%) retained the pan-enteric phenotype at last follow-up (p = .0002). Disease extension was noted in 25 (18.9%) of patients and regression was noted in 47 (35.6%) of patients, whereas upper GI disease was noted in significantly fewer patients at last follow-up (21, 15.9%) (p = .0001). More patients had complicated disease behaviour (46 patients, 34.9%, p = .0018) at last follow-up. There was a high exposure to both thiopurines 121 (91.7%) and biologics 84 (63.6%). The cumulative probability (95% CI) of surgery was 0.05 (0.02, 0.11) at 1 year, 0.17 (0.11, 0.24) at 3 years and 0.22 (0.15, 0.30) at 5 years. Neither disease location nor behaviour were associated with the need for intestinal resectional surgery.Conclusions: Over the course of an extended follow-up period, there appeared to be changes in both disease location and behaviour in PCD. Interestingly, a significant proportion of patients had disease involution which may be related to a high rate of exposure to thiopurines and biologics. We were unable to identify any variables associated with complicated disease course or the need for intestinal surgery.
Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/classificação , Progressão da Doença , Adolescente , Adulto , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Colectomia , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
CONTEXT: Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a parasitic mushroom found in the heartwood of Cinnamomum kanehirai and is used as a nutritional supplement. It has an anticancer action, both alone and synergistically with amphotericin B (AmB). OBJECTIVE: The study intended to assess the efficacy of a T camphoratus ethanol extract (TCEE) combined with AmB for patients with metastatic cancer whose cancer did not respond to multiline chemotherapy or who were unwilling to receive chemotherapy. DESIGN: The research team performed a retrospective analysis as a pilot study. SETTING: The study took place at a single hospital (Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan). PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 9 patients at the hospital who were terminally ill with metastatic cancer. INTERVENTIONS: The participants had received daily doses of 2-3 g of the TCEE in combination with a weekly dose of 20-25 mg of AmB in 500 cc of 5% glucose water, given intravenously in 4-6 h. OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included (1) a primary evaluation index measuring the efficacy of the treatment; (2) a measure of tumor burden that was estimated using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST 1.1), (3) a secondary evaluation index measuring survival duration, and (4) safety. RESULTS: The mean treatment time was 54.4 ± 18.3 wk. At the end of the study, 2 patients showed a continued complete response, 1 patient had a continued partial response, and 1 patient showed a stable disease. The other 5 participants had times to progression ranging from 24 to 48 wk, with a mean of 35.6 wk. The mean survival time was 57.8 ± 18.5 wk, and 5 patients were still alive at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: For patients whose metastatic cancer did not respond to multiline chemotherapy or who were unwilling to receive chemotherapy, the use of TCEE as an adjuvant therapy to AmB resulted in tumor suppression and a delay in time to disease progression. The preliminary results reported here can be used to guide a future, more extensive clinical study of the combination.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antrodia/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Etanol , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taiwan , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study compared symptom severity, symptom interference and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) between cancer survivors after curative treatment and individuals who did not have cancer. Factors associated with CAM use among cancer survivors were examined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 146 cancer survivors (77 breast and 69 colorectal cancer survivors who had completed conventional treatment 1-5 years previously and were cancer-free) from a hospital's cancer registration system (survivor group), and 161 healthy individuals without cancer (comparison group). The two groups were frequency-matched for sex and age. Findings indicated higher use of CAM in the survivor group (54.1%) than the comparison group (36.6%). There were no significant differences in overall symptom severity and interference between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that prior use of CAM (OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 2.34-10.69) and higher symptom interference (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.001-1.08) were positively related to CAM use in the survivor group. The survivors did not have higher symptom severity and symptom interference with daily life, but were more likely to use CAM than the comparison group. Medical staff should discuss symptom interference and use of CAM with cancer survivors to guide them in the appropriate use of CAM.
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Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Neoplasias Colorretais/fisiopatologia , Terapias Complementares/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Dor/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , TaiwanRESUMO
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and chemotherapy is the main approach for the treatment of advanced and recurrent cases. Developing an effective complementary therapy could help to improve tumor suppression efficiency and control adverse effects from chemotherapy. Paris polyphylla is a folk medicine for treating various forms of cancer, but its effect on colorectal cancer is largely unexplored. The aim of the present study is to investigate the tumor suppression efficacy and the mechanism of action of the ethanolic extract from P. polyphylla (EEPP) in DLD-1 human colorectal carcinoma cells and to evaluate its combined effect with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The data indicated that EEPP induced DLD-1 cell death via the upregulation of the autophagy markers, without triggering p53- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, EEPP treatment in combination with doxorubicin enhanced cytotoxicity in these tumor cells. Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside and polyphyllin VI were isolated from EEPP and identified as the main candidate active components. Our results suggest that EEPP deserves further evaluation for development as complementary chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Autofagia , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Etanol/química , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Silibinin is a flavonolignan that is well established for its robust antiviral activity against HCV infection and has undergone several clinical trials for the management of hepatitis C. Despite its potency, silibinin suffers from poor solubility and bioavailability, restricting its clinical use. To overcome this limitation, we developed highly bioavailable silibinin nanoparticles (SB-NPs) and evaluated their efficiency against HCV infection. DESIGN: SB-NPs were prepared using a nanoemulsification technique and were physicochemically characterised. Infectious HCV culture systems were used to evaluate the influence of SB-NP on the virus life cycle and examine their antioxidant activity against HCV-induced oxidative stress. The safety profiles of SB-NP, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies and antiviral activity against infection of primary human hepatocytes were also assessed. RESULTS: SB-NP consisted of nanoscale spherical particles (<200â nm) encapsulating amorphous silibinin at >97% efficiency and increasing the compound's solubility by >75%. Treatment with SB-NP efficiently restricted HCV cell-to-cell transmission, suggesting that they retained silibinin's robust anti-HCV activity. In addition, SB-NP exerted an antioxidant effect via their free radical scavenging function. Oral administration of SB-NP in rodents produced no apparent in vivo toxicity, and pharmacokinetic studies revealed an enhanced serum level and superior biodistribution to the liver compared with non-modified silibinin. Finally, SB-NP efficiently reduced HCV infection of primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Due to SB-NP's enhanced bioavailability, effective anti-HCV activity and an overall hepatoprotective effect, we suggest that SB-NP may be a cost-effective anti-HCV agent that merits further evaluation for the treatment of hepatitis C.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Silimarina/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Células Cultivadas , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Hepatócitos/virologia , Humanos , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Nanosferas , Ratos , Silibina , Silimarina/administração & dosagem , Silimarina/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We have limited knowledge about cancer patients' pain control satisfaction in outpatient departments in Taiwan and doctors' practice of adjusting analgesics according to their pain status. This survey examined pain management and satisfaction among cancer outpatients with pain and obtained information on their quality of life and treatment management for different pain intensities. METHODS: The Short version of the Brief Pain Inventory was used as the outcome questionnaire. Participants comprised 2075 patients with different cancers and disease statuses at 14 oncological outpatient departments, of which 1051 reported pain within the week prior to testing. The impact of pain management on physical and psychological functioning, and satisfaction with doctors were evaluated. Information about doctors' prescriptions was collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate whether the interference scale performed identically in the different analgesic ladders. RESULTS: Pain was significantly linked to disease status and affected patients' physical and psychiatric functioning. Almost 100% of patients were satisfied with their pain control, but more than 70% of doctors did not change analgesics based on patients' current pain status. The results show that although patients were satisfied with their physicians, treatment of cancer pain was still suboptimal. CONCLUSION: Pain assessment and treatment need to be more thorough and management guidelines should be revised to improve pain control in patients with cancer.
Assuntos
Dor do Câncer/tratamento farmacológico , Satisfação do Paciente , Adulto , Idoso , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor do Câncer/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Cancer metastasis is a major obstacle in clinical cancer therapy. The mechanisms underlying the metastasis of HCC remain unclear. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is a key protein involved in mediating cancer progression, and it is highly expressed in HCC specimens. However, the role of GRP94 in cancer metastasis is unclear. A specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was employed to knock down GRP94 gene expression in HCC cell lines. Wound-healing migration, transwell migration, and invasion assays were performed to determine the migration and invasive ability of HCC cells. We demonstrated that silencing GRP94 inhibited HCC cell wound healing, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, our findings indicated that GRP94 knockdown might attenuate HCC cell metastasis by inhibiting CCT8/c-Jun/EMT signaling. Our study indicated that silencing GRP94 significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells. Moreover, depleting GRP94 inhibited cell migration and invasion by downregulating CCT8/c-Jun signaling. Thus, our data suggest that the GRP94/CCT8/c-Jun/EMT signaling cascade might be a new therapeutic target for HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Chaperonina com TCP-1/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Western Blotting , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Migração Celular , Movimento Celular/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Cicatrização/genéticaRESUMO
Androgen deprivation therapy has constituted the main treatment for prostate cancer; however, tumors ultimately progress to hormone-independent prostate cancer (HIPC), and suitable therapeutic strategies for HIPC are not available. Maspin, which is also known as mammary serine protease inhibitor, has been suggested to be a valuable focus for targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, maspin has been shown to be upregulated after androgen ablation therapy. Gemcitabine is used as a first-line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, but its disease control rate is low. Furthermore, the role of maspin in the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine for HIPC remains unclear. The expression levels of maspin in PC-3 and DU145 cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, the expression of maspin was silenced using shRNA technology to generate maspin-KD cells. The cytotoxicity of gemcitabine to prostate cancer cells was assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, whereas flow cytometry analyses and annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assays were used to assess the ability of gemcitabine to induce apoptosis in maspin-KD and control cells. Additionally, the expression patterns of anti-apoptosis proteins (myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)) and pro-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)) were determined by Western blotting. In this study, PC-3 cells were more resistant to gemcitabine administration than DU145 cells, which correlated with the higher expression levels of maspin observed in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, maspin knockdown enhanced gemcitabine-induced cell death, as evidenced by the increased number of apoptotic cells. Gemcitabine treatment upregulated the levels of anti-apoptosis proteins (Mcl-2 and Bcl-2) in both scrambled control and maspin-KD cells; however, the fold changes in Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression were larger in gemcitabine-treated scrambled control cells than in maspin-KD cells. Finally, our findings indicate for the first time that maspin may mediate the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in HIPC. Our results demonstrate that maspin knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to gemcitabine. Therefore, combining gemcitabine with a drug that targets maspin might constitute a valuable strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/metabolismo , Serpinas/fisiologia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Desoxicitidina/farmacologia , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/tratamento farmacológico , Transdução de Sinais , GencitabinaRESUMO
Chemotherapy is the main approach for treating advanced and recurrent carcinoma, but the clinical performance of chemotherapy is limited by relatively low response rates, drug resistance, and adverse effects that severely affect the quality of life of patients. An association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemotherapy resistance has been investigated in recent studies. Our recent studies have found that the aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum (AESN) is a crucial ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicine formulas for treating various types of cancer patients and exhibits antitumor effects. We evaluated the suppression of EMT in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with AESN. The mitochondrial morphology was investigated using Mitotracker Deep-Red FM stain. Our results indicated that AESN markedly inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest mediated by activation of caspase-3 and production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, mitochondrial fission was observed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with AESN. In addition to elevation of E-cadherin, downregulations of ZEB1, N-cadherin, and vimentin were found in AESN-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results suggested that AESN could inhibit EMT of MCF-7 breast cancer cells mediated by attenuation of mitochondrial function. AESN could be potentially beneficial in treating breast cancer cells, and may be of interest for future studies in developing integrative cancer therapy against proliferation, metastasis, and migration of breast cancer cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum nigrum/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7RESUMO
Chemotherapy, a major approach was used in carcinoma treatment, always involves the development of drug resistance as well as side-effects that affect the quality of patients' lives. An association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemotherapy resistance was established recently. We demonstrate in this paper that the aqueous extract of Paris polyphylla (AEPP)-a traditional Chinese medicine-can be used in various cancer types for suppression of carcinogenesis. We evaluated the suppressions of EMT and mitochondrial activity by AEPP treatment in a high-glucose (HG) induced-human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OVCAR-3 cells). The mitochondrial morphology was investigated using MitoTracker Deep Red FM staining. Our results indicated that AEPP reduced the viability of OVCAR-3 cells considerably through induction of apoptosis. However, this inhibitory potential of AEPP was attenuated by HG induction in OVCAR-3 cells. The levels of estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-alpha activator and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha were elevated by HG induction, but were suppressed by AEPP treatment. Down-regulations of cell survival and EMT were oberved in OVCAR-3 cells through suppression of PGC-1alpha by AEPP treatment. These results were confirmed through PGC-1alpha knockdown and overexpression in OVCAR-3 cells. Thus, AEPP can be beneficial for treating ovarian cancer and has potential for development of an integrative cancer therapy against ovarian cancer proliferation, metastasis, and migration.
Assuntos
Melanthiaceae/química , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/biossíntese , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signal through the receptor for AGE (RAGE), which can lead to hepatic fibrosis in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We investigated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from Solanum nigrum (AESN) on AGEs-induced RAGE signaling and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat diet with ethanol. METHODS: An animal model was used to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of AESN in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 30%) with ethanol (10%). Male Wistar rats (4 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): (1) control (basal diet); (2) HFD (30%) + ethanol (10%) (HFD/ethanol); (3) HFD/ethanol + AESN (100 mg/kg, oral administration); and (4) HFD/ethanol + pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, oral administration) and treated with HFD for 6 months in the presence or absence of 10% ethanol in dietary water. RESULTS: We found that AESN improved insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and downregulated lipogenesis via regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ co-activator (PGC-1α), carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA levels in the liver of HFD/ethanol-treated rats. In turn, AESN may delay and inhibit the progression of hepatic fibrosis, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) inhibition and MMP-2 production. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AESN may be further explored as a novel anti-fibrotic strategy for the prevention of liver disease.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Solanum nigrum/química , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Células Estreladas do Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Masculino , Pioglitazona , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Tiazolidinedionas/administração & dosagem , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Most gastric cancer patients are asymptomatic until the advanced stages, for which current therapeutic treatments are suboptimal. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in gastric cancer therapy. However, the presence of drug resistance in gastric cancer patients reduces the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU. In gastric cancer, no research has yet been conducted to analyze the effect of alpha 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (A7-nAChR) on the therapeutic response to 5-FU. In this study, we generated A7-nAChR knockdown (A7-nAChR-KD) AGS cells by a small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique in gastric cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of 5-FU were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and cell cycle determination. We found that A7-nAChR-KD cells were more resistant to 5-FU treatment compared with the scrambled control cells according to the MTT assay. The apoptotic cell population was increased more in scrambled control cells treated with 5-FU than A7-nAChR-KD cells according to the cell cycle distribution and TUNEL assays. We analyzed expression levels of survival and apoptosis-associated proteins (pAkt, Akt, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bad, and Bax) altered by 5-FU treatment. Survival and antiapoptosis signaling (pAkt, Akt, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2) was downregulated, and the proapoptotic proteins (Bad and Bax) were upregulated in 5-FU-treated control cells but expression levels of Bcl-2, Bad, and Bad were not altered in 5-FU-treated A7-nAChR-KD cells. This is consistent with A7-nAChR-KD cells exhibiting more resistance to 5-FU treatment. In our study, we carried out an in vitro study on AGS gastric cancer cell line to elucidate the anticancer efficacy and molecular mechanisms of A7-nAChR silencing on 5-FU-induced cell death. The results clearly showed that depletion of A7-nAChR suppressed the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU treatment.
Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa7/genética , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa7/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of pain in cancer patients at different disease statuses, the impact of pain on physical and psychiatric functions of patients and the satisfaction of pain control of patients at outpatient clinic department in Taiwan. METHODS: Short form of the Brief Pain Inventory was used as the outcome questionnaire. Unselected patients of different cancers and different disease statuses at outpatient clinic department were included. The impacts of their current pain control on physical function, psychiatric function and the satisfaction of doctors were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether the interference scale performed identically in the different analgesic ladders. The dependent variables were satisfaction toward physician and treatment. RESULTS: A total of 14 sites enrolled 2075 patients in the study. One thousand and fifty-one patients reported pain within the last 1 week. In patients whose diseases deteriorated, >60% of them need analgesics for pain control. Pain influenced physical and psychiatric functions of patients, especially in the deteriorated status. More than 80% of patients were satisfied about current pain control, satisfaction rate related to disease status, pain intensities and treatments for pain. CONCLUSION: Our study found that different cancers at different statuses had pain at variable severity. Pain can influence physical and psychological functions significantly. More than 75% of subjects reported satisfaction over physician and pain management in outpatient clinic department patients with cancer pain in Taiwan.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/complicações , Manejo da Dor/normas , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Dor/psicologia , Manejo da Dor/psicologia , Medição da Dor , Prevalência , Autorrelato , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Cervical cancer is an important health issue for women worldwide, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway is important for determining the chemotherapeutic response to cancer. However, the role of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in taxane therapy for cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, we generated GRP94 knockdown (GRP94-KD) Hela cells using short hairpin RNAs and found that GRP94-KD cells were resistant to taxane treatment in an MTT assay. Scrambled control cells demonstrated higher levels of apoptosis when treated with taxanes in comparison to GRP94-KD cells, as determined by cell cycle profiling, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining. Caspase 3 and caspase 7 activity was also higher in scrambled control cells treated with taxane in comparison to GRP94-KD cells. Moreover, we found that depletion of GRP94 altered the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl2 and Bad, leading to sensitivity to taxane. Exposure to taxane also induced the expression of Bad in scrambled cells but not in GRP94-KD cells. In addition, the expression of Bcl2 was increased dramatically in GRP94-KD cells, whereas only a small increase was observed in scrambled cells. Therefore, we conclude that silencing GRP94 may increase resistance to taxane treatment in cervical cancer cells by altering the activation of the apoptosis pathway. In addition, GRP94 may represent a key biomarker for determining the therapeutic efficacy of taxane treatment in cervical cancer patients.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Taxoides/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 7/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Proteína de Morte Celular Associada a bcl/metabolismoRESUMO
Thrombomodulin (TM) has been shown to regulate many physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, thrombosis, and tumor progression. TM is also a natural anticoagulant that maintains circulatory homeostasis in endothelial cells. However, little is known regarding the role of TM in the progression and metastasis of cervical cancer. TM-specific RNA interference and a cDNA expression vector were used to manipulate TM expression in cervical cancer cells. Cell growth and cell migration were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, transwell migration assays, and a biosensor system. TM silencing did not affect the growth rate of the cells. However, cell migration was dramatically enhanced after silencing of TM in HeLa cells. The overexpression of TM in cervical cancer cells only slightly influenced their proliferative capacity. After overexpression of TM in HeLa cells, their migratory capability was suppressed. Furthermore, we found that the decreased expression of E-cadherin and increase of zeb-1 and snail expression in TM-silenced cells which may be correlated with the results of knocking-down TM increases the migratory ability in this study. Our results demonstrate that TM may slightly regulate the growth but played the important role in the migratory ability of cervical cancer cells, suggesting that TM could potentially serve as a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Trombomodulina/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Biomarcadores , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Inativação Gênica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Trombomodulina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the feasibility of robot-assisted intersphincteric resection (ISR) for low rectal cancer. Further, we attempted to analyze the learning curve for robotic surgery. METHODS: A total of 64 patients were retrospectively chart-reviewed. Patients were classified into a laparoscopic procedure (n = 28) group and a robot-assisted (n = 36) group. Comparisons of age, gender, clinical staging, operating time, complications, and pathologic status were analyzed. Besides, we used a seventh-order moving average method for the construction of a learning curve in robotic surgery. RESULTS: Operating time was 374.3 min (range, 210-570 min) in the laparoscopic group and 485.8 min (range, 315-720 min) in the robotic group, with statistical difference between these two groups (P < 0.001). Thirteen patients (46.4 %) received diverting stoma in the laparoscopic group and seven patients (19.4 %) in the robotic group, with statistical difference between these two groups (P = 0.021). Operative experience of robotic ISR showed that the mean operating time was 519.5 min (range, 360-720 min) in the first stage and 448.2 min (range, 315-585 min) in the second stage, with statistical difference between these two stages (P = 0.02). Multifactorial analysis showed that protective diverting stoma creation or neorectum necrosis was not associated with age, sex, pretreatment T stage, or surgeons' experience. CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that robot-assisted ISR for low rectal cancer is feasible and safe with no compromising oncological outcomes. The surgeons' experience improves operating time in robotic surgery.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Curva de Aprendizado , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Robótica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canal Anal/patologia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estomas Cirúrgicos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinomas spread easily to nearby tissues around the colon or rectum, and display strong potential for invasion and metastasis. CSE1L, the chromosome segregation 1-like protein, is implicated in cancer progression and is located in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells. We investigated the prognostic significance of cytoplasmic vs. nuclear CSE1L expression in colorectal cancer. METHODS: The invasion- and metastasis-stimulating activities of CSE1L were studied by in vitro invasion and animal experiments. CSE1L expression in colorectal cancer was assayed by immunohistochemistry, with tissue microarray consisting of 128 surgically resected specimens; and scored using a semiquantitative method. The correlations between CSE1L expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: CSE1L overexpression was associated with increased invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells. Non-neoplastic colorectal glands showed minimal CSE1L staining, whereas most colorectal carcinomas (99.2%, 127/128) were significantly positive for CSE1L staining. Cytoplasmic CSE1L was associated with cancer stage (P=0.003) and depth of tumor penetration (P=0.007). Cytoplasmic CSE1L expression also correlated with lymph node metastasis of the disease in Cox regression analysis CONCLUSIONS: CSE1L regulates the invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells, and immunohistochemical analysis of cytoplasmic CSE1L in colorectal tumors may provide a useful aid to prognosis.
Assuntos
Proteína de Suscetibilidade a Apoptose Celular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
Thrombomodulin (TM), a natural anticoagulation factor, maintains circulation homeostasis in endothelial cells. TM has additional roles in modulating inflammation, thrombosis, and carcinogenesis. However, there is little information on the role of TM in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. RNA silencing and cDNA expression vectors were used to manipulate target gene expression in ovarian cancer cells. Cell growth and migration were evaluated by an MTT assay, a wound-healing migration assay, a transwell migration assay, and a biosensor system. In this study, we found that TM silencing may enhance the growth rate of cells. The migratory ability of ovarian cancer cells was enhanced dramatically after TM silencing. TM overexpression in ovarian cells suppressed the proliferation and migration capability. Furthermore, we found that skov-3 cells treated with TM shRNA expressed high levels of fibronectin and vimentin and that the expression of these markers correlated positively with their migratory ability. Our results demonstrate that TM expression may regulate cell growth and migration in ovarian cancer cells. This finding suggests that TM may be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , Interferência de RNA , Trombomodulina/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Feminino , Fibronectinas/genética , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Trombomodulina/metabolismo , Vimentina/genética , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a major downstream transducer of Ras and plays an important role in transducing extracellular signals to the nuclei of cells. It is located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells. The nuclear localization of phosphorylated or activated ERK is involved in the invasive behavior of tumor cells. We studied the association between Ras mutation/ERK activation and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. We analyzed 126 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens for K-Ras mutation using direct sequencing. Activation/phosphorylation of ERK was assayed by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray, and the staining intensity was analyzed using a semiquantitative scoring system. K-Ras mutations were detected in 32.5% (41/126) of the colorectal tumors. Colorectal glands are important functional organs in colorectal tissue and form the origin of colorectal carcinomas. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry tests showed that tumors in colorectal cancer specimens were significantly stained for phospho-ERK (100%; 126/126), whereas nonneoplastic colorectal glands mainly showed faint phosphorylated ERK staining. High nuclear phospho-ERK expression in tumors was associated with highly invasive cancer stage and T status of the disease. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that nuclear but not cytoplasmic phosphorylated ERK expression correlated with the patients' overall survival rate (P = .039). Colorectal adenomas including tubular adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas mainly showed weak cytoplasmic phospho-ERK expression. Our results suggest that immunohistologic analysis of phosphorylated ERK expression in colorectal glands may aid the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and that nuclear phosphorylated ERK might be a valuable prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.