RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The biological association between electromagnetic fields (EMF) and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to EMF (IEI-EMF) has not been established. To assess the physiological changes and symptoms associated with exposure to EMF, we conducted a randomized crossover provocation study. METHODS: We recruited 58 individuals with IEI-EMF (IEI-EMF group) and 92 individuals without IEI-EMF (control group). In a controlled environment, all participants received EMF signals mimicking those from mobile phone base stations in a randomized sequence under the blinded condition. During the course, participants reported their symptoms and whether they perceived EMF, and we monitored their physiological parameters, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and HR variability. RESULTS: The IEI-EMF and control groups reported similar frequencies of symptoms during both the provocation and sham sessions. No participant could accurately identify the provocation. In both groups, physiological parameters were similar between the two sessions. The control group, but not the IEI-EMF group, had elevated HR when they perceived EMF exposure. CONCLUSIONS: No symptoms or changes in physiological parameters were found to be associated with short-term exposure to EMF, and no participant could accurately detect the presence of EMF. Moreover, the participants in the control group, but not those in the IEI-EMF group, had elevated HR when they perceived EMF.
Assuntos
Telefone Celular , Sensibilidade Química Múltipla , Pressão Sanguínea , Campos Eletromagnéticos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Frequência Cardíaca , HumanosRESUMO
Due to the increasing incidence of malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a simple and reliable GBM diagnosis is needed to screen early the death-threaten patients. This study aimed to identify a protein that can be used to discriminate GBM from low-grade astrocytoma and elucidate further that it has a functional role during malignant glioma progressions. To identify proteins that display low or no expression in low-grade astrocytoma but elevated levels in GBM, glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) was particularly examined according to the mining of the Human Protein Atlas. Web-based open megadata minings revealed that FN was mainly mutated in the cBio Cancer Genomic Portal but dominantly overexpressed in the ONCOMINE (a cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform) in distinct tumor types. Furthermore, numerous different cancer patients with high FN indeed exhibited a poor prognosis in the PrognoScan mining, indicating that FN involves in tumor malignancy. To investigate further the significance of FN expression in glioma progression, tumor specimens from five malignant gliomas with recurrences that received at least two surgeries were enrolled and examined. The immunohistochemical staining showed that FN expression indeed determined the distinct progressions of malignant gliomas. Furthermore, the expression of vimentin (VIM), a mesenchymal protein that is strongly expressed in malignant cancers, was similar to the FN pattern. Moreover, the level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) was almost recapitulated with the FN expression. Together, this study identifies a protein FN that can be used to diagnose GBM from low-grade astrocytoma; moreover, its expression functionally determines the malignant glioma progressions via TGF-ß-induced EMT pathway.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Fibronectinas/biossíntese , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Feminino , Fibronectinas/genética , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioblastoma/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Prognóstico , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effects of ionized radiation on the thyroid have been extensively studied. However, most studies have focused on high-dose radiation received accidentally or through therapy, and few were on low-dose occupational exposure. METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports from employees who worked on jobs with occupational exposure to radiation at a hospital to evaluate possible changes in the serum thyroid hormones and determine whether there is a dose-response effect. After excluding those with diseases that may affect thyroid function and who were pregnant at any given examination during the study periods we followed the remaining 326 workers for 12 years and evaluated the associations between radiation exposure and changes in serum thyroid hormones using the generalized estimating equation for repeated measures. Data from an external comparison cohort were used to adjust for changes over time. RESULTS: We observed declines in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) over the study period, but not in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In addition, we found negative dose-response relationships between exposure duration and declines in the serum levels of T3 (a change of -0.037 ng/ml/year after adjusting for sex and age at the beginning of follow-up; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.042, -0.032 ng/ml/year) and T4 (-0.115 µg/dl/year; 95% CI = -0.140, -0.091 µg/dl/year). We also observed an increase in the TSH level (0.683 µIU/ml/year; 95% CI = 0.151, 1.214 µIU/ml/year) after the ninth year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that despite low exposure doses, occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in healthcare workers still may be associated with the declines in the serum levels of T3 and T4.
Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Fatores Etários , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Radiação Ionizante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study explored the possible antecedents that will motivate hospital employees' compliance with privacy policy related to electronic medical records (EMR) from a deterrence perspective. Further, we also investigated the moderating effect of computer monitoring on relationships among the antecedents and the level of hospital employees' compliance intention. METHODS: Data was collected from a large Taiwanese medical center using survey methodology. A total of 303 responses was analyzed via hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The results revealed that sanction severity and sanction certainty significantly predict hospital employees' compliance intention, respectively. Further, our study found external computer monitoring significantly moderates the relationship between sanction certainty and compliance intention. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, the study suggests that healthcare facilities should take proactive countermeasures, such as computer monitoring, to better protect the privacy of EMR in addition to stated privacy policy. However, the extent of computer monitoring should be kept to minimum requirements as stated by relevant regulations.
Assuntos
Segurança Computacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Confidencialidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/legislação & jurisprudência , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/legislação & jurisprudência , Privacidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , China , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With respect to information management, most of the previous studies on the acceptance of healthcare information technologies were analyzed from "positive" perspectives. However, such acceptance is always influenced by both positive and negative factors and it is necessary to validate both in order to get a complete understanding. This study aims to explore physicians' acceptance of mobile electronic medical records based on the dual-factor model, which is comprised of inhibitors and enablers, to explain an individual's technology usage. Following an earlier healthcare study in the USA, the researchers conducted a similar survey for an Eastern country (Taiwan) to validate whether perceived threat to professional autonomy acts as a critical inhibitor. In addition, perceived mobility, which is regarded as a critical feature of mobile services, was also evaluated as a common antecedent variable in the model. METHODS: Physicians from three branch hospitals of a medical group were invited to participate and complete questionnaires. Partial least squares, a structural equation modeling technique, was used to evaluate the proposed model for explanatory power and hypotheses testing. RESULTS: 158 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding a response rate of 33.40%. As expected, the inhibitor of perceived threat has a significant impact on the physicians' perceptions of usefulness as well as their intention to use. The enablers of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were also significant. In addition, as expected, perceived mobility was confirmed to have a significant impact on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived threat. CONCLUSIONS: It was confirmed that the dual-factor model is a comprehensive method for exploring the acceptance of healthcare information technologies, both in Western and Eastern countries. Furthermore, perceived mobility was proven to be an effective antecedent variable in the model. The researchers believe that the results of this study will contribute to the research on the acceptance of healthcare information technologies, particularly with regards to mobile electronic medical records, based on the dual-factor viewpoints of academia and practice.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Aplicativos Móveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Humanos , Modelos Psicológicos , Psicometria/instrumentação , TaiwanRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is not known how many stroke patients die from fatal pulmonary complications such as aspiration pneumonia (AP) and choking each year in the United States. This study aimed to determine the frequency of reporting of AP or choking as a cause of death on death certificates with mention of stroke in the United States as a proxy measure of the incidence of dying from AP or choking among patients with stroke. METHODS: We used multiple-cause mortality data for the years 2001 to 2010 to identify death certificates with mention of stroke (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code I60-I69), AP (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code J69), and choking (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code W78-W80) for analysis. RESULTS: Of 2 424 379 death certificates with mention of stroke in the United States between 2001 and 2010, 5.1% (n=124 503) reported AP as a cause of death, and 1.5% (n=36 997) reported choking as a cause of death. However, if we confined the analysis to autopsy-confirmed cases, the frequency decreased to 1.3% (555/42 732) and 1.3% (541/42 732), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios of reporting AP or choking as a cause of death were higher among men, increased with age, and were higher among decedents who died in a nursing home/long-term care. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence of dying from AP and choking among patients who died with stroke was 5% (~12 000 deaths per year) and 1% (~3700 deaths per year) according to information reported on death certificates. Efforts are needed to reduce the number of deaths from these 2 preventable complications.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Aspirativa/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Atestado de Óbito , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Assistência de Longa Duração , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Pneumonia Aspirativa/complicações , Pneumonia Aspirativa/mortalidade , Fatores Sexuais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about the comparability of stroke subtype mortality across states. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine state differences in the reporting of "unspecified stroke" on death certificates in the United States. METHODS: The number of deaths from different subtypes of stroke in each state for the years 2007 to 2009 were obtained from the CDC WONDER online databases. We calculated the percentage of stroke deaths classified as unspecified stroke (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10] code I64) among all stroke deaths (ICD-10 codes I60-I69) for each state. RESULTS: Of 398 942 people who died from stoke in the United States between 2007 and 2009, in 209 933 (53%) cases, the medical certifier did not specify whether the stroke was hemorrhage or infarction on the death certificate. There were 44 states in which the percentage of unspecified stroke among all strokes was ≥50 and 20 states in which the percentage was ≥55%. The percentage was lowest in the District of Columbia (46%) and highest in Oklahoma (64%). The state variation in the proportion of unspecified stroke decreased with age of the deceased. The state percentage of unspecified stroke correlated most with the state percentage of cerebral infarction and other and sequelae of cerebrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the high percentage and state variation in the reporting of unspecified stroke on death certificates, the comparability of stroke subtype mortality is threatened. Querying of medical certifiers for more specific information for better coding is needed.
Assuntos
Atestado de Óbito , Documentação/estatística & dados numéricos , Documentação/normas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Hemorragia Cerebral/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais/normas , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the extent of reporting an incorrect cause-of-death (COD) causal sequence on death certificates. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of incorrect reporting of hypertension as cause of diabetes on death certificates in the USA. METHODS: Multiple-cause mortality files were used to identify death certificates which mentioned both hypertension and diabetes in the USA from 1985 to 2005. The frequency of reporting hypertension on the line below diabetes in part I of the death certificate was calculated. RESULTS: The percentage of cases in which both hypertension and diabetes were included in part I of the death certificate, in which hypertension was reported on the line below diabetes on the death certificate-that is, suggesting that hypertension was a cause of diabetes-increased from 15.5% in 1985 to 36.1% in 2000 and 38.2% in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of reporting of an incorrect COD causal sequence on death certificates in the USA has increased. Education, training and questioning the opinions of certifying physicians are needed to improve the quality of reporting of COD statements.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Atestado de Óbito , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Erros de Diagnóstico , Hipertensão/mortalidade , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Capacitação em Serviço , Médicos/normas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Neuropathic pain is a complicated symptomatic disease as migraine in recent years. Not because the pain character differed from the nociceptive inflammatory symptoms but because of its complexity of mechanisms. Though peripheral sensitization, ectopic discharge, central sensitization, central re-organization and loss of inhibition play part of roles in mechanisms, however, based on this mechanistic treatment, the outcome still disappointed physicians and patients, exampled as central post-stroke central pain (CPSP). The pain reduction is far less than the expectation from patients and physician's under-treatment frequently occur due to the fear of adverse effects or off-label use of these anti-neuropathic pain drugs. Therefore, a multidisciplinary procedure including non-pharmacological management, rehabilitation program, careful explanation, stepwise pain reduction, daily diary record, and tailored individual planning for medications are helpful in treating this kind of sufferers. Pharmacological treatment is the mainstream in post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP), central post-stroke pain (CPSP), trigeminal neuralgia (TN), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), cancer pain, failed back syndrome etc, while polypharmacy is still the major prescriptions facing such kind of miserable patients. The tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA), voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers, selective non-epinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), opioid or morphine etc, are still evidence-based medicines (EBM) but with different outcome for individuals. Acupuncture is to some extend effective in Taiwanese people with perceived evidence or placebo. The Taiwan guidance for total pain management and review of EBM in treating neuropathic pain from neurological point of view will be introduced in this manuscript.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Guias como Assunto , Neuralgia/terapia , Humanos , Neuralgia/etiologiaRESUMO
Arsenic in drinking water is a global environmental health problem, and the exposure may increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases mortalities, most likely through causing atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of atherosclerosis formation after arsenic exposure is still unclear. To study the mechanism of atherosclerosis formation after arsenic exposure and explore the role of high cholesterol diet (HCD) in this process, we fed spontaneous hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats with basal diet or HCD and provided with them drinking water containing arsenic at different ages and orders for 20 consecutive weeks. We measured high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, triglycerides, heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) at predetermined intervals and determined expressions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-1 (CETP-1) and liver X receptor ß (LXRß) in the liver. Atherosclerosis was determined by examining the aorta with hematoxylin and eosin stain. After 20 weeks, we found arsenic, alone or combined with HCD, may promote atherosclerosis formation with transient increases in HSP 70 and hs-CRP. Early combination exposure decreased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio without changing the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride until 30 weeks old. Both CETP-1 and LXRß activities were suppressed, most significantly in early combination exposure. In conclusion, arsenic exposure may induce atherosclerosis through modifying reverse cholesterol transport in cholesterol metabolism and suppressing LXRß and CEPT-1 expressions. For decreasing atherosclerosis related mortality associated with arsenic, preventing exposure from environmental sources in early life is an important element.
Assuntos
Arsenicais/efeitos adversos , Aterosclerose/induzido quimicamente , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colesterol/sangue , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/análise , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Fígado/química , Receptores X do Fígado , Masculino , Receptores Nucleares Órfãos/análise , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
It has been reported that medicinal mushrooms might induce different types of immune responses. Anthodia camphorata (A. camphorata) has attracted much attention for its therapeutic effects in treating hepatoma. We tested this anti-tumor effects using immunomodulation of macrophages and extracts of A. camphorata. We evaluated the anti-proliferation effects of various extracts of A. camphorata from fruiting bodies (AC-FB), mycelium of solid-state cultures (AC-SS), liquid-state cultures (AC-LS) and polyaccharide extracts from liquid-state cultures (AC-PS), and extracts of A. camphorata stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell-conditioned mediums (MC-CMs). We measured cell proliferation and, did migration assays by cell cycle analysis and by observing apoptosis-related proteins (AKT, PARP-1, and NF-κB) and the mRNA expression of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1ß) of macrophages in human hepatoma cell lines. Our results revealed that two of the extracts (AC-FB and AC-SS) had better anti-proliferation effects, implying an immunomodulatory role the macrophages might play. This outcome is consistent with findings that AC-FB and AC-SS increase mRNA expression of TNF-α and the corresponding expression of apoptosis-related proteins on activation of MC-CMs, while A. camphorata polysaccharides induce macrophage-derived anti-tumor activities in human hepatoma cells via IL-1ß and Akt activation. These results indicate that anti-tumor effects exerted by modulation of macrophage activation of A. camphorate may be influenced by the other constituents which (contained little or no polysaccharide) of A. camphorata.
Assuntos
Antrodia/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Técnicas de Cultura , Carpóforos/química , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
The current estimations of the burden of disease (BD) of PM2.5 exposure is still potentially biased by two factors: ignorance of heterogeneous vulnerabilities at diverse urbanization levels and reliance on the risk estimates from existing literature, usually from different locations. Our objectives are (1) to build up a data fusion framework to estimate the burden of PM2.5 exposure while evaluating local risks simultaneously and (2) to quantify their spatial heterogeneity, relationship to land-use characteristics, and derived uncertainties when calculating the disease burdens. The feature of this study is applying six local databases to extract PM2.5 exposure risk and the BD information, including the risks of death, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and respiratory disease (RD), and their spatial heterogeneities through our data fusion framework. We applied the developed framework to Tainan City in Taiwan as a use case estimated the risks by using 2006-2016 emergency department visit data, air quality monitoring data, and land-use characteristics and further estimated the BD caused by daily PM2.5 exposure in 2013. Our results found that the risks of CVD and RD in highly urbanized areas and death in rural areas could reach 1.20-1.57 times higher than average. Furthermore, we performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the uncertainty of BD estimations from utilizing different data sources, and the results showed that the uncertainty of the BD estimations could be contributed by different PM2.5 exposure data (20-32%) and risk values (0-86%), especially for highly urbanized areas. In conclusion, our approach for estimating BD based on local databases has the potential to be generalized to the developing and overpopulated countries and to support local air quality and health management plans.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doenças Respiratórias , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Humanos , Material Particulado/análise , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Unplanned patient readmission (UPRA) is frequent and costly in healthcare settings. No indicators during hospitalization have been suggested to clinicians as useful for identifying patients at high risk of UPRA. This study aimed to create a prediction model for the early detection of 14-day UPRA of patients with pneumonia. We downloaded the data of patients with pneumonia as the primary disease (e.g., ICD-10:J12*-J18*) at three hospitals in Taiwan from 2016 to 2018. A total of 21,892 cases (1208 (6%) for UPRA) were collected. Two models, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), were compared using the training (n = 15,324; â 70%) and test (n = 6568; â 30%) sets to verify the model accuracy. An app was developed for the prediction and classification of UPRA. We observed that (i) the 17 feature variables extracted in this study yielded a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 using the ANN model and that (ii) the ANN exhibited better AUC (0.73) than the CNN (0.50), and (iii) a ready and available app for predicting UHA was developed. The app could help clinicians predict UPRA of patients with pneumonia at an early stage and enable them to formulate preparedness plans near or after patient discharge from hospitalization.
Assuntos
Readmissão do Paciente , Pneumonia , Humanos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Curva ROC , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Lateral medullary infarction is not uncommon in clinical practice of neurology. This report describes a patient who initially presented with Brown-Séquard syndrome-like manifestation but was later diagnosed with acute infarction in the left lower lateral medulla. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old woman presented with acute onset of unsteadiness, left side hemiparesis, left limb dysmetria, left side partial Horner syndrome, and paresthesia in the right lower limb and trunk with a sensory level at T5 on the right. No bulbar symptoms nor facial paresthesia was noted. Brown- Séquard syndrome was suspected initially, but cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging showed only mild spinal stenosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute infarction in the left lower lateral medulla. The mechanism of this unusual presentation is discussed. CONCLUSION: Brown-Séquard syndrome-like manifestation can be a rare presentation of lower lateral medullary infarction.
Assuntos
Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Brown-Séquard/fisiopatologia , Bulbo/patologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Hypertension continues to be an important public health concern because of its associated morbidity, mortality, and economic impact on society. The aims of this study are to compare the secular changes in age-stratified hypertension prevalence, incidence, co-morbidity, and 3 years of cardiovascular outcome in Taiwan in the years 2005 and 2010.We enrolled hypertensive individuals from the datasets of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in 2005 and 2010 in Taiwan separately. We analyzed the hypertension prevalence, incidence, medication treatment, and associated morbidities. The risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-causes mortalities among the hypertensive individuals were evaluated in 3 years of follow-up.There was an increased prevalence of hypertension but decreased incidence of hypertension in those over 65 from 2005 to 2010. Dyslipidemia was the highest rate of co-morbidity in 2005 and 2010. The most frequent categories of anti-hypertensive agents prescribed was 1 or 2 for both 2005 and 2010. Calcium channel blockers were the most common anti-hypertensive agents prescribed, followed by Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers. After 3 years of follow-up, the risks of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) as well as death were less in 2010 than in 2005 in Taiwan.Our study showed that hypertension individuals had an increased prevalence, younger age, decreased incidence, increased medication treatment associated with decreased the CAD, CVD, and mortalities in 2010 compared to 2005 in Taiwan.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Hipertensão/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between daily changes in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular diseases have been well established in mechanistic, epidemiologic and exposure studies. Only a few studies examined the effect of hourly variations in air pollution on triggering cardiovascular events. Whether the current PM2.5 standards can protect vulnerable individuals with chronic cardiovascular diseases remain uncertain. METHODS: we conducted a time-stratified, case-crossover study to assess the associations between hourly changes in PM2.5 levels and the vascular disease onset in residents of Tainan City, Taiwan, visiting Emergency Room of Chi Mei Medical Center between January 2006 and December 2016. There were 26,749 cases including 10,310 females (38.5%) and 16,439 males (61.5%) identified. The time of emergency visit was identified as the onset for each case and control cases were selected as the same times on other days, on the same day of the week in the same month and year respectively. Residential address was used to identify the ambient air pollution exposure concentrations from the closest station. Conditional logistic regression with the stepwise selection method was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association. RESULTS: When we only included cases occurring at PM2.5>10 µg/m3 and PM2.5>25 µg/m3, very significant ORs could be observed for 10 µg/m3 increases in PM2.5 at 0 and 1 hour, implying fine particulate exposure could promptly trigger vascular disease events. Moreover, a very clear increase in risk could be observed with cumulative exposure from 0 to 48 hours, especially in those cases where PM2.5>25 µg/m3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that transient and low concentrations of ambient PM2.5 trigger adult vascular disease events, especially cerebrovascular disease, regardless of age, sex, and exposure timing. Warning and delivery systems should be setup to protect people from these prompt adverse health impacts.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Material Particulado/análise , Idoso , Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Fatores de Risco , TaiwanRESUMO
To understand whether human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) would modulate the risk for arsenic-related atherosclerosis, we studied 196 residents from an arseniasis-endemic area in Southwestern Taiwan and 291 age- and sex-matched residents from a nearby control area where arsenic exposure was found low. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined by a carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (IMT) of >1.0 mm. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was increased in the arseniasis-endemic area as compared to the control area after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR=2.20, p<0.01). The prevalence was positively associated with cumulative arsenic exposure (mg/L-year) in a dose-dependent manner. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that in the endemic group, low serum PON1 activity was an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis (OR=4.18 low vs. high, p<0.05). For those of low PON1 activity and high cumulative arsenic exposure, the odds ratio for the prevalence of atherosclerosis was further increased up to 5.68 (p<0.05). No significant association was found between atherosclerosis and four polymorphisms of the PON gene cluster (PON1 -108C/T, PON1 Q192R, PON2 A148G, PON2 C311S). However, genetic frequencies of certain alleles including PON1 Q192, PON2 G148 and PON2 C311 were found increased in the endemic group as compared to the controls and a general Chinese population, indicating a possible survival selection in the endemic group after a long arsenic exposure history. Our results showed a significant joint effect between arsenic exposure and serum PON1 activity on carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting that subjects of low PON1 activity may be more susceptible to arsenic-related cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Arsênio/toxicidade , Arildialquilfosfatase/sangue , Arildialquilfosfatase/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/sangue , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This paper proposes an integrated model for investigating how physicians' perceived individual and technology characteristics affect their technological stress (technostress) that is derived from using mobile electronic medical records (MEMRs). Individual characteristics comprise constructs of mobile self-efficacy and technology dependence, whereas perceived technology characteristics comprise constructs of perceived usefulness, complexity, and reliability. We employed the survey method to collect 158 valid questionnaires from physicians working at three branch hospitals to determine perceptions regarding MEMRs, yielding a response rate of 33.62%. Partial least squares, a structural equation modeling technique, was used for model examination and hypothesis testing. The results show that physicians have a low perception of MEMR dependence and technostress. Furthermore, physicians' perceived MEMR technology dependency, mobile self-efficacy, and complexity were proven to significantly affect physician technostress when using MEMRs, whereas perceived usefulness and reliability were not. The explanatory power of the research model reached 67.8%. The results of this study provide valuable insights and significant knowledge for technostress in health care, particularly from academic and practical perspectives.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/organização & administração , Aplicativos Móveis , Médicos/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Percepção , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autoeficácia , TaiwanRESUMO
Malignant tumors often display an aberrant energy metabolism that relies primarily on glycolysis to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the so-called Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. Thus, the elucidation of this energetic alteration in malignant tumors is important in the search for more effective therapeutics against malignant cancers, the most deadly human disease. To investigate whether attenuated glycolytic activity modulates tumor progression, the effects of silencing the first and rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (HK) isozymes HK1 and HK2 were examined. There was an inverse correlation between the expression of HK1 and HK2 in human cancer cells. In cervical carcinoma cells, the HK1 but not HK2 knockdown induced a phenotypic change characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which accelerated tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo analyses. Notably, the silencing of HK1 disrupted aerobic respiration and increased glycolysis, but it had no effect on ATP generation. These metabolic changes were associated with higher HK2 and lactate dehydrogenase 1 expression but a lower citrate synthase level. Particularly, the HK1 knockdown induced aberrant energy metabolism that was almost recapitulated by HK2 overexpression. Moreover, the HK1-silenced cells showed strong glucose-dependent growth and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) induced cell proliferation inhibition. These results clearly indicate that the silencing of HK1, but not HK2, alters energy metabolism and induces an EMT phenotype, which enhances tumor malignancy, but increases the susceptibility of cancer cells to 2-DG inhibition. In addition, this work also suggests that the glycolytic inhibitors should be used only to treat cancers with elevated glycolytic activity.
RESUMO
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant found naturally in ground water. Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between chronic arsenic exposure and potential brain tissue damage in clinical case and animal experiments. Lipoic acid (LA) is a thiol-compound naturally occurring in plants and animals, which is thought to be a strong antioxidant and possess neuroprotective effects. The objective of this study was to determine if the AS(2)O(3)-induced glial cell toxicity could be prevented by LA. The human malignant glioma cell (U118) was selected as a research model. By using acridine orange staining and flow cytometry analysis, we found that autophagic, but not apoptotic, cell death was significantly induced by AS(2)O(3) in U118 cells, and that AS(2)O(3)-mediated autophagic cell death was nearly completely attenuated by LA. Down-regulation of p53 and Bax proteins and the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and HSP-70 proteins were observed by western blot in AS(2)O(3)-mediated autophagic cell death. Our results implied that LA completely inhibited U118 cells autophagic cell death induced by AS(2)O(3). We suggested that LA may emerge as a useful protective agent against arsenic-induced glial cell toxicity and reversing arsenic-induced damage in human brain.