[Pseudomutagenesis. The persistent increase in the level of cellular variability induced by radiation and some other agents]. / K probleme psevdomutageneza. Persistiruiushchee povyshenie urovnia izmenchivosti kletok, indutsiruemoe radiatsiei i nekotorymi drugimi agentami.

Electron microscopic investigation of capillary endothelium cells in myocardium of irradiated rats revealed an unusual effect of persistent increase of probability of cell damage, similar in many relations to that described earlier for various unicellular species. New effect, unlike those traditionally studied, is characterised by non-stochastic nature, large number of the involved cells, reveals itself even after faint influences, and can be induced as well by agents other than radiation. The question is put on the probable commonness between these changes and the pseudomutagenesis which has the similar phenomenology.

[Increase of probability of cell loss in the endothelium of blood vessel capillaries in progeny of rats after a low-dose irradiation of one of the parents (electron microscopy study)]. / Povyshenie veroiatnosti gibeli kletok v éndotelii krovenosnykh kapilliarov u potomkov krys posle oblucheniia odnogo iz roditelei v malykh dozakh (élektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie).

The total gamma-irradiation of Wistar rats at a dose of 0.25 Gy as well as at higher doses (0.5, 2 and 4.5 Gy) produces in the capillary endothelial cells of myocardium and lung a pronounced, dose-independent increase of the yield of necrotized cells. Similar changes were revealed in the animals, of which one of the parents (a male one day, a female seven days prior to copulation) was irradiated at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 Gy. This effect was observed in all studied descendants. The massive induction of the changes already by low radiation actions and their dose-independence allow considering the revealed effects as a manifestation of peculiar cellular reactions that presumably have epigenetic nature.

[Submicroscopic and immunochemical study of horseradish peroxidase passage through the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa]. / Submikroskopicheskoe i immunokhimicheskoe izuchenie prokhozhdeniia peroksidazy khrena cherez épitelii slizistoi bronkha.

2% solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was placed on the bronchial mucosa of anaesthetized dogs through a bronchoscope. Arterium femoralis and thracal lymphatic duct were canulated to HRP application. The radiate immunoprecipitation method was utilized to assess HRP activity in blood and lymph samples. In blood, a progressive increase in HRP activity was noted during the experiment, while this activity in lymph rose in 30 minutes, to decrease by the end of the experiment. In parallel series of experiments biopsy specimens were taken from bronchial mucosae exposed to HRP solution. Within all the intervals after HRP administration tested, the product of reaction was clearly demonstrated ultrastructurally within the intracellular spaces and under basal lamina of bronchial epithelium. Pictures suggestive of endocytosis were infrequently encountered in the apical portion of ciliated cells.

[Structural changes in platelets in alloxan diabetes as parameters of their activation in the vascular bed and morphologic features]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia trombotsitov pri alloksanovom diabete kak pokazateli ikh aktivizatsii v sosudistom rusle i osobennostei morfoobrazovaniia.

The present study shows that a stable level of blood platelet number persists in diabetic rats (following 15 and 60 days after experimental alloxan injection) Unusual platelet megaforms are seen accumulating (up to 36%), having no size analogs in control animals. A quantitative electron-microscopic analysis demonstrated that the enlargements of diabetic platelets was accompanied by their rounding in shape and by a more frequent (by 2.0-2.6 times) generation of surface pseudopodia. The share of platelets increased in two independent fractions, with considerable deflexion over the normal range limit variations in the number, size and general volume of their alpha-granules (cutting down) or dense (increase) bodies. At the same time a common decrease in these indexes for different types of grains in platelets of various dimensions occurred. The integral picture of the platelet granular apparatus (image of granular apparatus), that demonstrates quantitative proportions between the number and size indexes of different grain types, is found distorted in diabetic rats.

[Submicroscopical study of the granule-containing cells of bronchial carcinoids]. / Submikroskopicheskoe issledovanie granulosoderzhashchikh kartsinoidov bronkhov.

The submicroscopical structure of three bronchial carcinoids was studied. In all the cases, in the cytoplasm of tumor cells secretory granules formed from cisterns of the Golgi apparatus were found. Two types of granules were observed. The first ones were from 150 to 250 nm in size, the second--from 400 to 600 nm. Granules less than 500 nm in size comprise about 90% and cannot be observed by light microscopy because of the low resolving power of the microscope. It is suggested that the secretory product is eliminated by diffusion through the granular and then plasma membrane. The granules are assumed to be heterogeneous in their chemical composition. Secretion of other compounds in addition to serotonin is presumed. The ultrastructural similarity of the tumor cells and Kulchitsky cells is no proof of theif histogenetic relationship.

[Hamman-Rich syndrome]. / Sindrom Khammena-Richa.

An analysis of 29 observations of the Hamman-Rich syndrome was carried out. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies showed the earliest changes to consist in edema of the interstitial connective tissue of the lungs followed by the development of crude lesions of alveolar elasticity and increase in the number of argirophilic and collagen fibers leading to disorders in the aerohematic barrier. The chronic course of the disease leads to pulmonary microcystosis. Hormone therapy slows down the development of the pathologic process.

[Epithelial permeability study of the bronchi in chronic bronchitis using an electron-dense tag]. / Issledovanie pronitsaemosti épiteliia brokhov pri khronicheskom bronkhite s primeneniem élektronno-plotnogo markera.

An electron dense tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), treated with DAB-H2O2 for electron histochemical demonstration of peroxidase was used in an effort to find out whether or not the human bronchial epithelium was permeable to some macromolecules in chronic bronchitis. The biopsy specimens obtained from 5 patients at bronchoscopy and cultured in a medium with 2% HRP for 1-6 hours showed the reaction product to be distributed within intracellular spaces of the epithelium as well as in some vesicles and vacuoles of the apical portion of the ciliated cells. When 2% HRP solution was topically applied on the bronchial epithelium surface of a narcotized patient for 10 min followed by biopsy of this part of the epithelium fixation and treatment for HRP demonstration, electron dense precipitates were identified only within some intercellular spaces. It is suggested that some intercellular contacts of the bronchial epithelium in chronic bronchitis are permeable to macromolecules, and that the ciliated cells of the bronchial epithelium are capable of endocytosing some macromolecules from the surface of the mucosa.

[A functional-morphological study of the mucociliary system at stages in the disease in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Funktsional'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie mukotsiliarnoi sistemy na étapakh bolezni u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Combined morpho-functional study of the mucociliary system in patients with chronic bronchitis at different stages of its development was made. Regional mucociliary clearance was evaluated by dynamic aerosol scintigraphy and electron microscopy. Radiography of bronchial biopsies was performed, rheological properties of bronchial content were also determined. Special characteristics of mucociliary main chains were established at each stage of chronic bronchitis development as well as depending on the type of bronchitis, bronchial tree level and phase of the disease. New hypothesis on chronic obstructive bronchitis genesis was substantiated.

[Content of trace elements and steroid hormones in blood and tissues of internal organs of rats during an inflammatory process in the bronchi]. / Soderzhanie mikroélementov i steroidnykh gormonov v krovi i tkaniakh vnutrennikh organov krys pri vospalitel'nom protsesse v bronkhakh.

Prolonged interrupted inhalation of nitrogen dioxide in a dose of 36.0 +/- 2.2 mg/m3 was attended by definite morphological signs of inflammation in the lungs of rats (hyperplasia of goblet cells, thickening of the basilar membrane, differentiation of ciliated epithelium, etc.), reduction of the zinc content in all studied tissues and testosterone levels in blood. Intramuscular injection of 1% testosterone propionate normalized the blood level of the hormone and influenced the synthetic processes in the cells of the bronchial epithelium and the rate of its regeneration. To raise the efficacy of the correction of the pathological process in the lungs it is suggested that hormonal therapy should be combined with correction of zinc deficiency in the organism.

[Problems of lung transplantation. The state of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree in acute ischemia of the lung]. / Problemy transplantatsii legkogo. Sostoianie slizistoi obolochki bronkhial'nogo dereva pri ostroi ishemii legkogo.

The results of the work showed the importance of developing methods for the prevention of ischemic damage to the bronchi and optimal methods for reinforcement of the bronchial suture in lung transplantation. Ischemia may be an important pathogenetic factor of incompetence of the bronchial suture in lung transplantation and may also facilitate disturbance of the transplant's mucociliary clearance with the development of postoperative atelectases, dystelectases, and bronchopneumonia. These data are based on the results of experiments obtained in mongrel dogs by electron microscopy. Prolonged ischemia of the lung (120-180 min) led to mass death of cells of the bronchial endothelium, their rejection from the basement membrane, and desquamation into the bronchial lumen.

[Routes of protein transport into the lungs from the bronchial vascular system]. / Puti transporta belka v legkikh iz sistemy bronkhial'nykh sosudov.

In order to study the role of the bronchial vascular system in pulmonary protein transport, experiments have been performed in 6 anesthesized dogs, 16 isolated canine lungs and 10 white rats. When bilateral ligation of the bronchial arteries is performed in the anesthesized dogs, cessation of the bronchial blood stream results in decreasing protein transport and lymph outflow from the lungs. In the isolated canine lungs perfused through the pulmonary and bronchial vessels, lymph formation is determined by presence of the bronchial perfusion. As demonstrated the electron microscopical investigations with the marker of the protein transport--horseradish peroxidase--for 15 min of observation the marker does not get out of the limits of endothelium in the pulmonary capillaries. During this time horseradish peroxidase gets out of the bronchial vessels into the loose connective tissue of the lung, the lymphatic capillaries and the alveolar epithelium. Therefore, it is possible to make a conclusion on a predominated role of the protein transport in the lungs out of the bronchial vascular system as compared to the pulmonary system.

[Pulmonary histiocytosis X]. / Gistiotsitoz X legkikh.

Morphologic studies of the lungs of 61 patients aged 15-62 years with pulmonary histiocytosis X revealed a different morphologic picture in relation to the duration of the disease. The most prevalent were primary and chronic forms characterized by the presence of histiocytic granulomas of varying size with blue-green inclusions, eosinophilia and corpuscles X in the macrophage cytoplasm. As the process progressed, fibrobullous changes occurred in the lungs. An open biopsy of the lungs and testing of the lavage macrophages for corpuscles X appears to be more informative and safe for the morphologic diagnosis of histiocytosis X.

[The action of dipyridamole on megakaryocytopoiesis in regenerating and stationary bone marrow cell populations]. / Deistvie dipiridamola na megakariotsitopoéz v regeneriruiushchei i statsionarnoi populiatsiiakh kletok kostnogo mozga.

The effect of dipyridamole on megakaryocytopoiesis in regenerating and stationary populations of mouse bone marrow cells has been studied by heterotopic transplantation of the bone marrow using histological, electron microscopic and biochemical techniques. It is shown that drug administration induced destruction of megakaryocytes. In megakaryocytic cytoplasm giant lipid granules were found whose growth and number increase resulted in megakaryocytes kill. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the effect of dipyridamole on distribution of lipid fatty acids of the stationary and regenerating populations of the bone marrow cells. A marked increase of the percentage of docosahexaenoic acid was found in lipids of the stationary population. Chronic dipyridamole administration caused an increase of percentage of myristic, palmitic oleic acids, and decrease of percentage of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in lipids of regenerating bone marrow cells population.