An improved voltage measurement device for gel electrophoresis in tube apparatus.

A device for the measurement of voltage across tube gels was designed and constructed which allows one to measure voltage during electrophoresis without any manipulation of the gel electrophoresis apparatus or gel tube and with the elimination of a source of inaccuracy in previous such devices.

A motor-driven syringe-type gradient maker for forming immobilized pH gradient gels.

A motor driven gradient maker based on the commercial model (Jule Inc., Trumbull, CT) was designed for immobilized pH gradient gels to provide small volumes, rapid stirring and delivery, strict volume and temperature control and air exclusion. The device was constructed and by a convenient procedure yields highly reproducible gradients either in solution or on polyacrylamide gels.