Transformation from within: a concept analysis of epiphany.

The aim of this article is to explore the concept of epiphany using a modified version of Walker and Avant's (2005) concept analysis procedures. This transformative experience produces behavior change that can impact wellness. The occurrence of epiphanies through analysis of historical figures, retrospective and qualitative studies, and literary works is described. Evidence suggests this phenomenon can be profound, liberating, and enduring. Nursing research has not considered the potential of epiphanies as a behavior change theory to improve health behaviors and wellness.

Refinement and Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory.

The purpose of this study was to determine key concepts of self-efficacy for sleep hygiene among young adults/college students and sleep experts, and to refine the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory. The Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory was revised using input from young adult focus groups and experts. Information from focus groups informed instrument revision. The revised instrument was distributed using an electronic survey to young adults age 18-26 years for a total sample of 296. A principal component analysis with Varimax Orthogonal Rotation was conducted resulting in a three-factor solution. Cronbach's alphas were: .85 for Behaviors to Adopt (nine items), .79 for Manage Mindset and Environment (eight items), .70 for Behaviors to Avoid (eight items), and .88 for the inventory (twenty-five items). Initial psychometric testing of the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory-Revised indicates that it is a reliable measure of self-efficacy for sleep hygiene in young adults age 18-26 years.

COVID-19: Planning and Postpandemic Partnerships.

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for strong partnerships between educators and healthcare professionals to facilitate the reopening of schools. School nurses are uniquely positioned to bridge this gap because of their role as a healthcare professional in the educational setting. Past research identifies the effectiveness of collaborative efforts to serve students by community partners, school system personnel, and school nurses. However, partnerships have been episodic and reactive rather than ongoing and proactive. The circumstances of COVID-19 present an opportunity for school nurses to promote collaboration and planning as an ongoing practice. Recommendations for school nurses to form ongoing public health and school system partnerships, as well as with teachers, parents, and school nursing colleagues, are presented.

Nurses Consuming Energy Drinks Report Poorer Sleep and Higher Stress.

The energy drink consumption habits of nurses working in clinical settings is unknown. Utilizing a descriptive-comparison design, researchers examined the caffeine and energy drink habits of clinical nurses and relationships or differences that existed with their sleep quantity, sleep quality, and perceived stress levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant relationships existed between energy drink consumption and sleep quality, sleep quantity, and perceived stress levels. Nurses who consumed energy drinks had poorer sleep quality and fewer sleep hours compared with caffeine-only consumers and noncaffeine consumers. Nurses who consumed energy drinks also had increased levels of perceived stress than noncaffeine consumers. Educating nurses regarding energy drink ingredients and relationships that exist between energy drink consumption, sleep, and perceived stress could be beneficial. Future studies are needed to examine motivational factors related to energy drink consumption as well as any health or safety implications that might be associated.

Development of the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have examined how self-efficacy is related to sleep behaviors in young adults. The purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument specifically designed to measure self-efficacy for sleep hygiene in young adults. METHODS: The Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory (SESHI) was developed in three phases using principal components analysis. The 30-item scale was pilot tested with a sample of 305 young adults. A second study with a sample of 96 young adults confirmed reliability. RESULTS: A 24-item three-factor solution: time management, disruptive influences, and sleep influences. Cronbach's alphas were 0.83 (total SESHI), 0.87 (time management), 0.69 (disruptive influences), and 0.73 (sleep influences). CONCLUSIONS: Initial psychometric testing indicated the SESHI may be a reliable measure of self-efficacy for sleep hygiene in this population.

Effects of a sleep hygiene text message intervention on sleep in college students.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a text-message intervention to promote sleep hygiene to improve sleep in young adult college students. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of undergraduate students from one Southwestern university (n = 96), 18-26 years old, recruited in August 2015. METHODS: A 2-group pretest-posttest experimental design assigned participants to receive biweekly text messages about sleep hygiene or healthy behaviors for 6 weeks. Survey questions addressed sleep knowledge, sleep hygiene, self-efficacy for sleep hygiene, and sleep quality at baseline and posttest. RESULTS: Though not significant, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and sleep knowledge improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy for sleep hygiene is a modifiable factor that may serve to improve sleep quality. Sleep quality improved in both groups. Text messaging is a feasible approach to delivering an intervention to promote healthy behaviors among young adults.

Development of the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices-Adolescent Version: A Self-Efficacy Measure.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An instrument to measure wellness behaviors in adolescent females did not appear in the literature. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and evaluation of the Self-Rated Abilities for Health and Practices Scale-Adolescent Version (SRAHP-A). METHODS: Initial psychometric testing was conducted with a sample of 265 adolescents and young adults aged 13-24 years. Data collection occurred through paper and pencil surveys. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis using maximum likelihood factor extraction method and oblique ration was conducted. A four-factor structure consisting of Exercise, Nutrition, Health Practices, and Well-Being emerged. CONCLUSIONS: Initial psychometric testing suggested that it is a valid and reliable measure of wellness behaviors in adolescent females. Further testing is necessary; however, it appears this instrument has the potential to move wellness care for adolescents and young adults forward.

An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention to Improve Personal Emergency Preparedness of Nursing Students.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 educational intervention modalities (face-to-face or online) aimed at improving nursing students' personal emergency preparedness. Personal emergency preparedness means an individual has a Grab-and-Go kit, has developed a plan for self and family, and remains informed about potential disasters. Outcomes indicated that face-to-face instruction for BSN nursing students and online instruction for RNs were effective at increasing knowledge and increasing personal emergency preparedness.

Survey of Nursing Students' Self-Reported Knowledge of Ebola Virus Disease, Willingness to Treat, and Perceptions of their Duty to Treat.

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' self-reported knowledge of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), willingness to treat patients with EVD, and student perceptions of duty to treat patients with EVD. The researchers developed the Survey of Nursing Student Self-Reported Knowledge of EVD, Willingness to Treat, and Perceptions of Duty to Treat, a quantitative tool with open-ended questions to inform the responses. On-line survey software was used for gathering anonymous data. A mixture of descriptive, nonparametric, and parametric statistics were used to describe, compare, and examine relationships between variables. Results demonstrated that licensed students scored significantly higher on self-reported knowledge of EVD than their prelicensure student counterparts (P=.039). Licensed students and prelicensure students did not differ on self-assessed willingness to treat (P>.05). The students had significantly higher willingness-to-treat scores when self-reported knowledge scores were higher (P=.007) and when they were older (P=.004). Willingness to treat was not influenced by whether one was partnered or single (P>.05) or had children or did not have children (P>.05). In conclusion, basic EVD knowledge and training appears to be critical to ensure willingness to treat. However, it is imperative that students have an indepth understanding of the principles of infectious diseases in general.

The effect of a wellness program on adolescent females.

Guided by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a comprehensive wellness intervention on total wellness, physical fitness, and self-efficacy for health promoting behaviors in adolescent females, ages 14 to 19, enrolled in physical education (PE) classes in Grades 9 to 12. The intervention was administered in an experimental pre-test, post-test, two group design in rural east Texas. Participants (n = 153) were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention or control group. Independent t-tests to determine differences between the intervention and control groups were nonsignificant for overall wellness and physical fitness. The Wellness Essential-Self subscale score was significantly higher in the intervention group, t(64, 36) = 2.67, p = .005, d = .84. Self-Efficacy Health Promotion subscale scores for the intervention group were also significantly higher, t(20,28) = 2.60, p = .006, d = .74. The intervention has potential to improve overall wellness in adolescent females.