Comparison of pain perception between computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery and the conventional syringe for inferior alveolar nerve block in children.

BACKGROUND: Local anesthesia (LA) is commonly used for pain control in clinical dental practice. However, it is often perceived as the most painful part of the treatment and the factor leading to the avoidance of dental care. Hence, research on better means of pain management is being conducted. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare pain perception using the No Pain III™ computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery (CCLAD) system and the conventional syringe, for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty children aged 6-12 years were included in the study. Children were randomly allocated into 2 groups by the flip of a coin. Group A received LA by conventional syringe and group B received LA by No Pain III™, on the contralateral side. Physiological parameters including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were assessed at baseline, during the deposition and after the deposition of LA. A subjective evaluation of pain perception was assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). The measured values were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between group A and group B for pain perception using the WBS, systolic BP and RR. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the No Pain III™ CCLAD system resulted in reduced pain perception and better acceptance when compared to the use of the conventional syringe, for IANB in children.

Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Bioactive Restorative Material, Zirconia Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement to the Dentinal Surface of Primary Molars: an in vitro Study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The success of dental restorations depends mainly on its ability to bond to dental structures and resist the multitude of forces acting on it within the oral cavity. PURPOSE: Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of three different glass ionomer based restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this in vitro analytical study, 30 intact primary molars were sectioned buccolingually to obtain 60 sections. These sections were embedded in auto polymerizing acrylic resin and polished to obtain a flat dentin surface. Restoration cylinders were built on the dentin surface with the help of a Teflon template called bonding jig. Each group (n= 20) was restored as group A with conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Fuji Gold Label Type 9), group B with Bioactive restorative material (ACTIVATM KIDS BioACTIVE Restorative material), and group C with Zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement (Zirconomer). Following restoration, SBS testing was performed using Universal Testing Machine. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey test (p= 0.05). RESULTS: The SBS values were significantly greater in the ACTIVA KIDS group as compared to the other two groups (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SBS values between group B and group C (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The SBS of the ACTIVA KIDS to primary teeth dentin was the highest as compared to Zirconomer and conventional GIC. Therefore ACTIVA KIDS may protect primary teeth against recurrent caries and failure of the restoration.

Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine infiltration versus 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for extraction of primary mandibular molars: A prospective, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Control of pain during dental treatment is an essential aspect of pediatric dentistry. AIMS: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine buccal infiltration with 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for primary mandibular molar extractions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was a prospective, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Bilateral symmetrical carious primary mandibular molar (n = 92) extractions in 46 healthy children aged 5-10 years were included in this randomized controlled trial. Extraction was performed on one side using 4% of articaine buccal infiltration and on the contralateral side using 2% lignocaine IANB in two subsequent appointments. Pain and behavior were assessed at baseline, during injection and extraction using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, Modified Behavior Pain Scale (MBPS), and Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Values thus obtained were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test and compared using independent samples test. RESULTS: According to MBPS, the mean value of pain experienced in the form of cry during injection was reported to be more for 2% lignocaine IANB (1.76) as compared to 4% articaine buccal infiltration (1.30), which was statistically significant (P = 0.024). Comparison of behavior depicted showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Buccal infiltration with 4% articaine can be utilized as an effective alternative to 2% lignocaine IANB for primary mandibular molar extractions.

COVID-19: Changing Trends and Its Impact on Future of Dentistry.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic, creating a global health and economic crisis. It is a novel virus which is distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with Chinese horseshoe bats being the most probable origin. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact routes. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection between dental health care personnel (DHCP) and patients can be very high. This article provides a brief overview of the structure of the virus, modes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this article is to recommend infection control strategies and patient management protocols to provide optimum dental care and simultaneously prevent nosocomial infection in dental settings.

Comparison of cleaning Efficacy and Instrumentation Time between Rotary and Manual Instrumentation Techniques in Primary Teeth: An in vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy and instrumentation time between manual Hedstrom files (H-files) and rotary Mtwo files in primary molar root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 primary root canals were selected using standardized radiographs. The canals were injected with India ink with 30 gauge insulin syringe and divided into three groups. Group I-30 root canals instrumented with H-files, group II-30 root canals instrumented with Mtwo files, and group III-control group in which no canal instrumentation was done. The teeth were cleared in various solutions and then observed under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in cleaning efficacy between H-files and Mtwo files in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal. The instrumentation time recorded for H-files (3.41 ± 0.38 minutes) was significantly less than that of Mtwo files (4.81 ± 0.52). CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference in cleaning capacity, further studies should be carried out using the single file systems. How to cite this article: Katge F, Chimata VK, Poojari M, Shetty S, Rusawat B. Comparison of cleaning Efficacy and Instrumentation Time between Rotary and Manual Instrumentation Techniques in Primary Teeth: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):124-127.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements with and without Chlorhexidine Gluconate.

BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine gluconate is a widely used antimicrobial agent. Adding chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds to filling materials, such as composite resins, acrylic resins, and glass ionomer cements increases the antibacterial property of restorative materials. This study includes antibacterial property of glass ionomer restorative cements with chlorhexidine gluconate. AIM: The primary objective of our study was to compare the antimicrobial properties of two commercially available glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine gluconate on strains of mutans streptococci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two glass ionomers (Fuji II Conventional and Fuji IX) were used. Chlorhexidine gluconate was mixed with glass ionomer cements, and antimicrobial properties against mutans streptococci were assessed by agar diffusion. The tested bacterial strain was inhibited and the antimicrobial properties decreased with time. RESULTS: The highest amount of antimicrobial activity with mean inhibitory zone was found in Fuji II with chlorhexidine gluconate followed by Fuji IX with chlorhexidine gluconate, Fuji II without chlorhexidine gluconate, and Fuji IX without chlorhexidine gluconate. CONCLUSION: The results of the study confirmed that the addition of 5% chlorhexidine gluconate to Fuji II and Fuji IX glass ionomer cements resulted in a restorative material that had increased antimicrobial properties over the conventional glass ionomer cements alone for Streptococcus mutans. How to cite this article: Yadiki JV, Jampanapalli SR , Konda S, Inguva HC, Chimata VK. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements with and without Chlorhexidine Gluconate. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):99-103.