RESUMO
A 13-year-old neutered male miniature dachshund suffered ~30% total skin loss following an attack by another dog. After numerous failed attempts at wound management and closure, the wound was successfully healed by epithelialization using tilapia skin grafts. At each tilapia skin graft placement, the wound bed appeared pink, clean, and healthy with excellent progression of epithelialization at all edges. With use of the tilapia grafts, epithelialization occurred at a rate of 1.76 mm/day. As a result, the wound reached complete closure by epithelialization with no evidence of wound contracture in 102 days. Key clinical message: Tilapia skin grafts were successfully used for management of a large bite wound in a dog and may promote accelerated epithelialization in full thickness skin wounds.
Utilisation d'une xénogreffe de peau de tilapia pour la prise en charge d'une morsure importante chez un chien. Un teckel miniature mâle castré de 13 ans a subi une perte totale de peau d'environ 30 % à la suite d'une attaque par un autre chien. Après de nombreuses tentatives infructueuses de gestion et de fermeture de la plaie, la plaie a été cicatrisée avec succès par épithélialisation à l'aide de greffes de peau de tilapia. À chaque placement de greffe de peau de tilapia, le lit de la plaie apparaissait rose, propre et sain avec une excellente progression de l'épithélialisation sur tous les bords. Avec l'utilisation des greffes de tilapia, l'épithélialisation s'est produite à un taux de 1,76 mm/jour. En conséquence, la plaie a atteint une fermeture complète par épithélialisation sans signe de contracture de la plaie en 102 jours.Message clinique clé :Les greffes de peau de tilapia ont été utilisées avec succès pour la gestion d'une grande plaie de morsure chez un chien et peuvent favoriser une épithélialisation accélérée dans les plaies cutanées de pleine épaisseur.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Assuntos
Tilápia , Animais , Cães , Xenoenxertos , Masculino , Reepitelização , Pele , Transplante de Pele/veterináriaRESUMO
Emotion dysregulation is com- mon in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and contributes substantially to ADHD related impairments and comorbidi- ties. The high prevalence of emotional dysregulation (ED) in individuals with ADHD highlights the need to understand the clinical implications of this association, neurobiological correlates, and potential treatment modalities. ED contributes significantly to ADHD adverse outcomes, such as occupational, driving, and legal consequences, and is associated with the development of psychiatric comorbidities. Neurobiological data suggest possible dysfunctions of various subcortical and/or cortical brain regions and an altered connectivity between those regions. Available data suggest that ED is responsive to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article overviews the prevalence of ED in ADHD samples, examines putative neurobiological processes, and discusses pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic strategies for treating ED symptoms of ADHD.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Sintomas Afetivos/terapia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Comorbidade , Humanos , Prevalência , PsicoterapiaRESUMO
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of implant removal after partial carpal arthrodesis and to investigate factors associated with implant removal. Methods: Case records of 22 dogs that underwent partial carpal arthrodesis at two private veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Details retrieved were body weight at time of surgery, sex, neuter status, breed, age, cause of carpal hyperextension injury, joint(s) involved in carpal hyperextension injury, laterality, type of implant, administration of post-operative antibiotics, post-operative outcome and indication for implant removal. Association between these factors and implant removal was evaluated. Results: Of 22 partial carpal arthrodesis, 12 (55%) had implant removal due to persistent lameness and 9/12 (75%) returned to full and acceptable function after implant removal. Indications for implant removal were implant interference (8), infection (4), and migration (1). When comparing type of implant, there was a significant difference when observing implant removal rates (p = 0.04). All 5 dogs with pins and wires (100%) required implant removal. Of 17 dogs with a plate, 7 (41.2%) required implant removal. Implant removal was performed on average 114 days post-operative. Discussion: Implant removal after partial carpal arthrodesis was frequent and was commonly indicated due to pin and wire fixation or plate implant interference. This study may impact how we prepare clients for potential post-operative complications and implant removal when recommending partial carpal arthrodesis.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mice deficient of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibit severe intestinal lesions, particularly mucous overproduction/secretion and accumulation, which is similar to meconium ileus in CF patients. Moreover, severity of the intestinal disease in CF mice is strongly influenced by genetic modifiers, and CFTR deficiency affects the expression of multiple secondary genes that may impact on the phenotype. The murine orthologue of human hCLCA1 (mCLCA3) is expressed by goblet cells and implicated in their normal function, particularly with mucus production/secretion that is exaggerated in CF; however, its influence on the CF intestinal disease, although suggested, remains unclear. METHODS: To investigate the role of mCLCA3 on the CF intestinal disease in mice, its expression in this tissue has been assessed, and a CF mouse line maintaining elevated mCLCA3 levels has been developed and comprehensively characterized. RESULTS: Expression of mCLCA3 is significantly reduced in CF mouse intestines, although the number of goblet cells is elevated, indicating marked reduction per cell. Importantly, correction of this deficiency results in amelioration of the mucous-based disease leading to a marked improvement of intestinal pathology and survival, although goblet cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy were augmented. This intestinal amelioration did not appear to be related to rectification of the CF electrophysiologic defect. CONCLUSIONS: mCLCA3 has a role in intestinal goblet cell function that includes modification of the mucous properties and/or secretion that are altered in CF. Thus, elevation of mCLCA3 (hCLCA1) levels could provide a means to reduce intestinal mucous-based lesions in CF and related diseases.
Assuntos
Canais de Cloreto/metabolismo , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Enteropatias/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucoproteínas/metabolismo , Animais , Canais de Cloreto/biossíntese , Canais de Cloreto/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Caliciformes/metabolismo , Enteropatias/etiologia , Enteropatias/fisiopatologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mucoproteínas/biossíntese , Mucoproteínas/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossínteseRESUMO
Despite interest in understanding glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, the factors important for GLP-1 biosynthesis remain poorly understood. We examined control of human proglucagon gene expression in NCI-H716 cells, a cell line that secretes GLP-1 in a regulated manner. Insulin, phorbol myristate acetate, or forskolin, known regulators of rodent proglucagon gene expression, had no effect, whereas sodium butyrate decreased levels of NCI-H716 proglucagon mRNA transcripts. The inhibitory effect of sodium butyrate was mimicked by trichostatin A but was not detected with sodium acetate or isobutyrate. The actions of butyrate were not diminished by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 inhibitor SB203580, or soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583 or following treatment of cells with KT5823, a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. NCI-H716 cells expressed multiple proglucagon gene transcription factors including isl-1, pax-6, pax-2, cdx-2/3, pax-4, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3 alpha, HNF-3beta, HNF-3 gamma, and Nkx2.2. Nevertheless, the butyrate-dependent inhibition of proglucagon gene expression was not associated with coordinate changes in transcription factor expression and both the human and rat transfected proglucagon promoters were transcriptionally inactive in NCI-H716 cells. Hence, NCI-H716 cells may not be a physiologically optimal model for studies of human enteroendocrine proglucagon gene transcription.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias do Ceco/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Glucagon/genética , Intestinos/fisiopatologia , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Animais , Butiratos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Ceco/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucagon/metabolismo , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Proteína Homeobox Nkx-2.2 , Proteínas de Homeodomínio , Humanos , Proteínas Nucleares , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Proglucagon , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
To better understand V gene usage, specificity, and clonal origins of IgE Abs in allergic reactions, we have constructed a combinatorial Ab library from the mRNA of an adult patient with atopic dermatitis. Sequence analysis of random clones revealed that 33% of clones used the IGHV6-1 H chain V gene segment, the only member of the V(H)6 gene family. IGHV6-1 is rarely used in the expressed adult repertoire; however, it is associated with fetal derived Abs. Features of the V(H)6 rearrangements included short complementarity-determining region 3, frequent use of IGHD7-27 D gene, and little nucleotide addition at the D-J junction. There was also a low level of mutation compared with V(H)1, V(H)3, and V(H)4 rearrangements. The library was expressed as phage-Fab fusions, and specific phage selected by panning on the egg allergen ovomucoid. Upon expression as soluble IgE Fabs, 12 clones demonstrated binding to ovomucoid, skim milk, and BSA by ELISA. Nucleotide sequencing demonstrated that the IGHV6-1 V gene segment encoded each of the 12 multiply reactive IgE Fabs. A cyclic peptide was designed from the complementarity-determining region 3 of several of these clones. The cyclic peptide bound both self and nonself Ags, including ovomucoid, human IgG, tetanus toxoid, and human and bovine von Willebrand factor. These results suggest that some IgE Abs may bind more than one Ag, which would have important implications for understanding the multiple sensitivities seen in conditions such as atopic dermatitis.
Assuntos
Regiões Determinantes de Complementaridade/genética , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Rearranjo Gênico de Cadeia Pesada de Linfócito B , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Imunoglobulina E/genética , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/genética , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Diversidade de Anticorpos/genética , Especificidade de Anticorpos/genética , Sítios de Ligação de Anticorpos/genética , Ligação Competitiva/genética , Ligação Competitiva/imunologia , Clonagem Molecular , Regiões Determinantes de Complementaridade/análise , Regiões Determinantes de Complementaridade/metabolismo , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Biblioteca Gênica , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Cadeias J de Imunoglobulina/genética , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Ovomucina/metabolismo , Peptídeos Cíclicos/síntese química , Peptídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica/genética , Ligação Proteica/imunologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Análise de Sequência de ProteínaRESUMO
Gastrin is a gastrointestinal (GI) peptide that possesses potent trophic effects on most of the normal and neoplastic mucosa of the GI tract. Despite abundant evidence for these properties, the mechanisms governing gastrin-induced proliferation are still largely unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms by which gastrin might influence mitogenesis in gastric adenocarcinoma, we analyzed its effects on the human cell line AGS-B. Amidated gastrin (G-17), one of the major circulating forms of gastrin, induced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation of cells in culture, with the maximum effective concentration occurring with 20 nM G-17. This effect was significantly attenuated by the gastrin-specific receptor antagonist L-365260. In addition, we found that G-17 induced a significant increase in the levels of cyclin D1 transcripts, protein, and promoter activity. The results of these studies indicate that gastrin appears to exert its mitogenic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma, at least in part, through changes in cyclin D1 expression.