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1.
J Korean Med Sci ; 38(1): e4, 2023 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36593688

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) naturally decreases with age; however, an excessive decline may be related with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the FEV1/FVC decline rate in the Korean general population and to identify whether rapid FEV1/FVC decline is a risk factor for obstructive lung disease (OLD) and all-cause and respiratory mortality. METHODS: We evaluated individuals aged 40-69 years who underwent baseline and biannual follow-up spirometric assessments for up to 18 years, excluding those with airflow limitations at baseline. Based on the quartiles of the annual FEV1/FVC decline rate, the most negative FEV1/FVC change (1st quartile of annual FEV1/FVC decline rate) was classified as rapid FEV1/FVC decline. We investigated the risk of progression to OLD and all-cause and respiratory mortality in individuals with rapid FEV1/FVC decline. RESULTS: The annual FEV1/FVC decline rate in the eligible 7,768 patients was 0.32 percentage point/year. The incidence rate of OLD was significantly higher in patients with rapid FEV1/FVC decline than in those with non-rapid FEV1/FVC decline (adjusted incidence rate, 2.119; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.932-2.324). Rapid FEV1/FVC decline was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard [HR], 1.374; 95% CI, 1.105-1.709) and respiratory mortality (adjusted HR, 1.353; 95% CI, 1.089-1.680). CONCLUSION: The annual FEV1/FVC decline rate was 0.32%p in the general population in Korea. The incidence rate of OLD and the hazards of all-cause and respiratory mortality were increased in rapid FEV1/FVC decliners.


Assuntos
Pneumopatias Obstrutivas , Pulmão , Humanos , Incidência , Capacidade Vital , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Espirometria
2.
Inorg Chem ; 61(24): 9257-9268, 2022 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35670559

RESUMO

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of new open-framework iron fluoride-fluorophosphates based on linear, trinuclear, and tetranuclear chain FeIII building units. KFe2(PO3F)2F3 (I) consists of {Fe2(O3F)2F2}10- zigzag chains interconnected by P(O/F)4 tetrahedra forming a three-dimensional (3D) open framework. K2Fe(PO2.5F1.5)2F2 (II) is built up by {Fe(PO2.5F1.5)2F2}2- chains separated by K+ cation layers. The framework for K3Fe3(PO4)(PO3F)2F5 (III) contains two-dimensional {Fe3O4F4(PO3F)2}2- sheets, which are built from trimeric Fe-octahedra insulated by PO3F tetrahedra. The macroanionic framework of K3Fe4(PO4)2F9 (IV) comprises linear {Fe4O8F9}10- chains consisting of tetranuclear magnetic clusters of [Fe4O8F9]10- formed via corner-sharing fluorine atoms decorated with PO4 groups. The magnetic characterization of three iron fluorophosphates reveals diversified magnetism: S = 5/2 spin chains for I, antiferromagnetically coupled triangular Fe units for III, and coupled tetrahedral S = 5/2 spin chains for IV. IV shows strong geometric frustration thanks to its spin motifs of corner-shared tetrahedral clusters.

3.
Inorg Chem ; 61(48): 19058-19066, 2022 Dec 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36414026

RESUMO

We report the successful growth of high-quality single crystals of Sr0.94Mn0.86Te1.14O6 (SMTO) using a self-flux method. The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of SMTO are investigated by neutron powder diffraction (NPD), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), thermodynamic, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. NPD unambiguously determined octahedral (trigonal antiprismatic) coordination for all cations with the chiral space group P312 (no. 149), which is further confirmed by SCXRD data. The Mn and Te elements occupy distinct Wyckoff sites, and minor anti-site defects were observed in both sites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the existence of mixed valence states of Mn in SMTO. The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data evidence a weak antiferromagnetic order at TN = 6.6 K. The estimated Curie-Weiss temperature θCW = -21 K indicates antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn ions. Furthermore, both the magnetic entropy and the 125Te nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate showcase that short-range spin correlations persist well above the Néel temperature. Our work demonstrates that Sr0.94(2)Mn0.86(3)Te1.14(3)O6 single crystals realize a noncentrosymmetric triangular antiferromagnet.

4.
Nano Lett ; 21(1): 189-196, 2021 Jan 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33274946

RESUMO

We first observed the spin-to-charge conversion due to both the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect (IREE) and inverse spin-Hall effect in a holey multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) intermediate layer in a Pt/YIG structure via LSSE measurements under nonequilibrium magnetization. We found an enhancement of approximately 238%, 307%, and 290% in the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) voltage, spin-to-charge current, and thermoelectric (TE) power factor, respectively, compared with the monolayer MoS2 interlayer in a Pt/YIG structure. Such an enhancement in the LSSE performance of Pt/holey MoS2/YIG can be explained by the improvement of spin accumulation in the Pt layer by induced spin fluctuation as well as increased additional spin-to-charge conversion due to in-plane IREE. Our findings represent a significant achievement in the understanding of spin transport in atomically thin MoS2 interlayers and pave the way toward large-area TE energy-harvesting devices in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide materials.

5.
Inorg Chem ; 60(16): 12001-12008, 2021 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34309359

RESUMO

Two M2(SeO3)F2 fluoro-selenites (M = Mn2+, Ni2+) have been synthesized using optimized hydrothermal reactions. Their 3D framework consists of 1D-[MO2F2]4-chains of edge-sharing octahedra with a rare topology of alternating O-O and F-F µ2 bridges. The interchain corner-sharing connections are assisted by the mixed O vs F anionic nature and develop a complex set of M-X-M superexchanges as calculated by LDA+U. Their interplay induces prominent in-chain antiferromagnetic frustration, while the interchain exchanges are responsible for the cycloidal magnetic structure observed below TN ≈ 21.5 K in the Ni2+ case. For comparison the Mn2+ compound develops a nearly collinear spin (canted) ordering below TN ≈ 26 K with ferromagnetic chain units.

6.
Inorg Chem ; 60(17): 13707-13717, 2021 Sep 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34380318

RESUMO

Three new alkali-metal manganese fluoride selenates, A2Mn(SeO4)F3 (A = K, Rb, Cs), were prepared through hydrothermal redox reactions. The products consisted of one-dimensional polymeric anionic ∞[Mn(SeO4)F3]2- chains, where the A+ cations are connected by O and/or F atoms to form blocks with two-dimensional layers. A2Mn(SeO4)F3 (A= Rb, Cs) is isostructural with the monoclinic space group P21/c, while K2Mn(SeO4)F3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn. A2Mn(SeO4)F3 (A = K, Rb, Cs) forms spin chains of Mn3+ with different Mn-F-Mn bridges, which showed canting antiferromagnetic behaviors. Single-crystal magnetic measurements revealed that the magnetic moments of the Mn ions were more canted for larger alkali-metal compounds in an antiferromagnetically ordered state.

7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 124(4): 047204, 2020 Jan 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32058744

RESUMO

dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, and Raman scattering measurements are combined to probe low-lying spin excitations in α-Ru_{1-x}Ir_{x}Cl_{3} (x≈0.2), which realizes a disordered spin liquid. At intermediate energies (ℏω>3 meV), Raman spectroscopy evidences linearly ω-dependent Majorana-like excitations, obeying Fermi statistics. This points to robustness of a Kitaev paramagnetic state under spin vacancies. At low energies below 3 meV, we observe power-law dependences and quantum-critical-like scalings of the thermodynamic quantities, implying the presence of a weakly divergent low-energy density of states. This scaling phenomenology is interpreted in terms of the random hoppings of Majorana fermions. Our results demonstrate an emergent hierarchy of spin excitations in a diluted Kitaev honeycomb system subject to spin vacancies and bond randomness.

8.
Inorg Chem ; 59(6): 3794-3804, 2020 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32114764

RESUMO

Four transition-metal monofluorophosphates, with a chemical formula of Ba2M2(PO3F)F6 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu), have been synthesized hydrothermally using phosphoric and fluorophosphoric acids. The structures of Ba2M2(PO3F)F6 were intensively investigated by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Their networks exhibited three-dimensional frameworks formed by cis-MO2F4 octahedra and PO3F tetrahedra. Ba2M2(PO3F)F6 (M = Mn, Co, and Cu) are isostructural, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21/c, while Ba2Ni2(PO3F)F6 adopted an unpredetermined structure, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The different arrangements of the same cis-MO2F4 moieties and PO3F groups within one-dimensional chains lead to different frameworks in this late-first-row transition-metal series. By a comparison of normalized bond lengths with their normal counterparts, the more elongated octahedral cis-MO2F4 units in Ba2Cu2(PO3F)F6 reveal the presence of static Jahn-Teller distortion, uncovering the puzzling reason for the exceptional structure of Ba2Ni2(PO3F)F6 in the series. Ba2M2(PO3F)F6 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) forms spin chains of M2+ made of coupled dimers or tetramers, showing dominant antiferromagnetic behavior.

9.
Phys Rev Lett ; 122(16): 167202, 2019 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31075021

RESUMO

We report on magnetization M(H), dc and ac magnetic susceptibility χ(T), specific heat C_{m}(T) and muon spin relaxation (µSR) measurements of the Kitaev honeycomb iridate Cu_{2}IrO_{3} with quenched disorder. In spite of the chemical disorders, we find no indication of spin glass down to 260 mK from the C_{m}(T) and µSR data. Furthermore, a persistent spin dynamics observed by the zero-field muon spin relaxation evidences an absence of static magnetism. The remarkable observation is a scaling relation of χ[H,T] and M[H,T] in H/T with the scaling exponent α=0.26-0.28, expected from bond randomness. However, C_{m}[H,T]/T disobeys the predicted universal scaling law, pointing towards the presence of additional low-lying excitations on the background of bond-disordered spin liquid. Our results signify a many-faceted impact of quenched disorder in a Kitaev spin system due to its peculiar bond character.

10.
Inorg Chem ; 58(1): 133-142, 2019 Jan 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30547570

RESUMO

We report the synthesis and characterization of three fluoride-rich barium iron phosphates Ba xFe x(PO4)F y (1 ≤ x ≤ 3, 2 ≤ y ≤ 12), which exhibited abundant structural chemistry, exhibiting diverse frameworks and connecting modes between [FeO nF6- n] m- octahedra surrounding Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions. BaFe(PO4)F2 (I) consisted of two-dimensional [Fe(PO4)F2]2- sheets built from linear ∞[Fe2O6F4]10- moieties formed by fluorine corner-sharing FeO4F2 and FeO2F4 octahedra with linking PO4 tetrahedra. Mixed-valence Ba2Fe2(PO4)F6 (II) possessed a three-dimensional framework containing Fe4O6F12 tetramers formed by the edge-sharing oxygen or fluorine atoms of cis-FeF4O2 octahedra. Ba3Fe3(PO4)F12 (III) contained one-dimensional columns of ∞[Fe3(PO4)F12]6- infinite sections built from cis-FeF4O2 and FeF5O octahedra and tetrahedral PO4 linkers. The magnetic characterization of Ba xFe x(PO4)F y unveiled diverse magnetism: an S = 5/2 spin chain for (I), a weak ferrimagnet or canted antiferromagnet for (II) thanks to the presence of distinct Fe2+ and Fe3+ sites identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy, and coupled spin-trimers for (III).

11.
Inorg Chem ; 57(6): 3465-3473, 2018 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29513527

RESUMO

A series of lithium metal selenites, Li6M(SeO3)4 (M = Co, Ni, and Cd) and Li2Zn(SeO3)2, were synthesized by hydrothermal and solid-state reactions. Li6M(SeO3)4 is composed of Li+ cations, MO6 octahedra, and SeO3 polyhedra, while Li2Zn(SeO3)2 consists of Li+, Zn(Li)O4 tetrahedra, and SeO3 polyhedra. Isostructural Li6Co(SeO3)4 and Li6Ni(SeO3)4 crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3̅, forming a three-dimensional distorted cubic lattice. Li2Zn(SeO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam and reveals a layered structure in the bc plane. Li6Cd(SeO3)4 revealing a unidimensional structure crystallizes in the polar non-centrosymmetric space group C2, attributed to the parallel alignment of distorted CdO6 octahedra. The direct-current magnetic susceptibility measurements unveil that Li6Co(SeO3)4 is a canted antiferromagnet with TN = 25 K, while Li6Ni(SeO3)4 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 54 K, having a negligible canted moment. The weak ferromagnetism observed in Li6Co(SeO3)4 indicates the significance of spin-orbit coupling, bringing about anisotropic exchange interactions. Li6Cd(SeO3)4 reveals a second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of 10 × α-SiO2. Dipole moment calculations on Li6Cd(SeO3)4 indicate that the cooperative interaction of CdO6 and SeO3 is responsible for the observed SHG properties. Band gaps of the compounds are enlarged as atomic number increases. The effect of late transition-metal cations with different coordination numbers on the framework structures and the subsequent physical properties will be also discussed.

12.
Phys Rev Lett ; 118(18): 187203, 2017 May 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28524686

RESUMO

We report on the unusual behavior of the in-plane thermal conductivity κ and torque τ response in the Kitaev-Heisenberg material α-RuCl_{3}. κ shows a striking enhancement with linear growth beyond H=7 T, where magnetic order disappears, while τ for both of the in-plane symmetry directions shows an anomaly at the same field. The temperature and field dependence of κ are far more complex than conventional phonon and magnon contributions, and require us to invoke the presence of unconventional spin excitations whose properties are characteristic of a field-induced spin-liquid phase related to the enigmatic physics of the Kitaev model in an applied magnetic field.

13.
Inorg Chem ; 56(15): 9369-9375, 2017 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28741956

RESUMO

A novel lithium-rich transition metal selenite, Li13Mn(SeO3)8, that is composed of a Jahn-Teller distortive cation, Mn3+, in the high spin d4 state, and a second-order Jahn-Teller (SOJT) distortive lone pair cation, Se4+, has been synthesized via hydrothermal and high temperature solid state reactions. The selenite is classified as a molecular compound consisting of MnO6 octahedra, SeO3 trigonal pyramids, and Li+ cations. Considering the Li-O interactions, the structure of Li13Mn(SeO3)8 may be described as a pseudo-three-dimensional framework as well. The title compound is thermally stable up to 500 °C and starts decomposing above the temperature attributable to the volatilization of SeO2. While the MnO6 octahedra in Li13Mn(SeO3)8 exhibit six identical Mn-O bond distances at room temperature due to the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect, a clear elongation of two Mn-O bonds along a specific direction is observed at 100 K. A series of isostructural selenites with different transition metals, i.e., Li13M(SeO3)8 (M = Sc, Cr, and Fe), have been also successfully obtained in phase pure forms using similar synthetic methods. Magnetic properties, spectroscopic characterizations, and local dipole moments calculations for all the synthesized selenites are presented.

14.
Inorg Chem ; 56(10): 5873-5879, 2017 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28440633

RESUMO

Three new quaternary lithium metal tellurites, Li3MTe4O11 (M = Al, Ga, and Fe), have been synthesized through hydrothermal and solid-state reactions by heating a mixture of LiOH·H2O, TeO2, and M2O3. The structures of the title compounds have been determined by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Li3MTe4O11 reveal three-dimensional (3D) frameworks that consist of MO6 octahedra, TeO3 trigonal pyramids, and TeO4 polyhedra. The variable coordination mode of Te4+ within the framework leads to the formation of 1D channels that host Li+ cations on both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The bulk and grain boundary Li+ ion conductivities for a Li3FeTe4O11 pellet in open air are estimated to be 1.0 × 10-4 and 2.7 × 10-6 S cm-1, respectively, at room temperature from the impedance profile analysis. A lower activation energy of 19.9 kJ mol-1 is obtained for the system, which is similar to that of Li10GeP2S12 (24 kJ mol-1). Detailed characterizations such as thermal, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties for the reported materials are also reported.

15.
Inorg Chem ; 55(3): 1347-53, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26765685

RESUMO

Three new metal vanadium tellurites, MVTe2O8 (M = Al, Ga, and Mn) have been synthesized through standard solid-state and hydrothermal reactions. Crystal structure analyses using X-ray diffraction reveal that the isostructural materials exhibit layered structures consisting of MO6, TeO4, and VO4 polyhedra. The corner-sharing of MO6 octahedra results in one-dimensional (1-D) zigzag chains that are further interconnected by tetrameric Te4O12 units and the VO4 tetrahedra to complete a layered structure. Detailed structural analysis suggests that the unit-cell volumes and the very long Te(2)-O(2) bond distances in MVTe2O8 are closely related to the ionic radii of M(3+) cations. Additional characterizations such as ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) and infrared spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analyses, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were performed. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements on MnVTe2O8 suggest that the material behaves like a three-dimensional (3-D) antiferromagnet with T(N) = 30 K, although the structure consists of a zigzag S = 2 spin chain.

16.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 5376, 2024 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38918409

RESUMO

Kagome lattice has been actively studied for the possible realization of frustration-induced two-dimensional flat bands and a number of correlation-induced phases. Currently, the search for kagome systems with a nearly dispersionless flat band close to the Fermi level is ongoing. Here, by combining theoretical and experimental tools, we present Sc3Mn3Al7Si5 as a novel realization of correlation-induced almost-flat bands in the kagome lattice in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Our magnetic susceptibility, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance, transport, and optical conductivity measurements provide signatures of a correlated metallic phase with tantalizing ferromagnetic instability. Our dynamical mean-field calculations suggest that such ferromagnetic instability observed originates from the formation of nearly flat dispersions close to the Fermi level, where electron correlations induce strong orbital-selective renormalization and manifestation of the kagome-frustrated bands. In addition, a significant negative magnetoresistance signal is observed, which can be attributed to the suppression of flat-band-induced ferromagnetic fluctuation, which further supports the formation of flat bands in this compound. These findings broaden a new prospect to harness correlated topological phases via multiorbital correlations in 3d-based kagome systems.

17.
BMJ Open Respir Res ; 11(1)2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39019624

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to elucidate the clinical factors associated with acute exacerbation and disease progression in young patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal observational study included patients with COPD aged between 20 and 50 years with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)<0.7. Eligible patients were followed up with ≥2 spirometry examinations at 1 year interval after COPD diagnosis. The primary outcome was moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation in young patients with COPD. Secondary outcomes were early initiation of regular inhalation therapy and accelerated annual post-bronchodilator FEV1 decline. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients were followed up during a median of 64 months. In multivariable analyses, risk factors for moderate-to-severe exacerbation were history of asthma (adjusted HR (aHR)=2.999, 95% CI=[2.074-4.335]), emphysema (aHR=1.951, 95% CI=[1.331-2.960]), blood eosinophil count >300/µL (aHR=1.469, 95% CI=[1.038-2.081]) and low FEV1 (%) (aHR=0.979, 95% CI=[0.970-0.987]). A history of asthma, sputum, blood eosinophil count >300/µL, low FEV1 (%) and low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (%) were identified as clinical factors associated with the early initiation of regular inhalation therapy. The risk factors associated with worsened FEV1 decline were increasing age, female sex, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum, low FEV1 (%) and low DLCO (%). CONCLUSIONS: In young COPD patients, specific high-risk features of acute exacerbation and disease progression need to be identified, including a history of previous respiratory diseases, current respiratory symptoms, blood eosinophil counts, and structural or functional pulmonary impairment.


Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Estudos Longitudinais , Capacidade Vital , Adulto Jovem , Asma/fisiopatologia , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Espirometria , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Eosinófilos
18.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 19: 1661-1671, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39050737

RESUMO

Background: COPD causes substantial economic burden on healthcare. Alternative treatment strategies for COPD can be associated with different costs dependent upon their relative safety and effectiveness. We compared costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) associated with LAMA or LABA/ICS initiation. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we enrolled COPD patients initiating treatment with LAMA or LABA/ICS between January 2005 and April 2015. Propensity score matched individuals were compared on all-cause and COPD-related medical costs and HCRU over a three-year follow-up period. Results: A total of 2444 patients were enrolled in each treatment group. LAMA group was associated with significantly lower costs than LABA/ICS group, both in all-cause (403.08 vs 474.50 USD per patient per month [PPPM], cost ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.10-1.26, p<0.0001) and COPD-related (216.37 vs 267.32 USD PPPM, cost ratio 1.24, 95% CI=1.13-1.35, p<0.0001) medical costs. All-cause HCRU was not significantly different between groups, while COPD-related HRCU was higher in LAMA group (0.66 vs 0.60 medical visits PPPM, p<0.0001). Conclusion: COPD patients initiating treatment with LAMA were associated with lower all-cause and COPD-related medical costs than those starting with LABA/ICS despite the similar all-cause HCRU and higher COPD-related HCRU. Initiation with LAMA is a cost-efficient option for the treatment of COPD.


Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2 , Broncodilatadores , Bases de Dados Factuais , Custos de Medicamentos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Brometo de Tiotrópio , Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/economia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/economia , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/administração & dosagem , Brometo de Tiotrópio/administração & dosagem , Brometo de Tiotrópio/economia , Resultado do Tratamento , Broncodilatadores/economia , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Administração por Inalação , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/economia , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Corticosteroides/economia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de Custos , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
J Phys Condens Matter ; 36(21)2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354419

RESUMO

We present a comprehensive investigation of the crystal and magnetic structures of the van der Waals antiferromagnetα-RuCl3using single crystal x-ray and neutron diffraction. The crystal structure at room temperature is a monoclinic (C2/m). However, with decreasing temperature, a remarkable first-order structural phase transition is observed, leading to the emergence of a rhombohedral (R3-) structure characterized by three-fold rotational symmetry forming an isotropic honeycomb lattice. On further cooling, a zigzag-type antiferromagnetic order develops belowTN=6∼6.6K. The critical exponent of the magnetic order parameter was determined to beß=0.11(1), which is close to the two-dimensional Ising model. Additionally, the angular dependence of the magnetic critical field of the zigzag antiferromagnetic order for the polarized ferromagnetic phase reveals a six-fold rotational symmetry within theab-plane. These findingsreflect the symmetry associated with the Ising-like bond-dependent Kitaev spin interactions and underscore the universality of the Kitaev interaction-dominated antiferromagnetic system.

20.
Inorg Chem ; 52(24): 14224-30, 2013 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24261966

RESUMO

A new vanadium antimony selenite, VSb(SeO3)4, has been synthesized through a solid-state reaction by using V2O5, Sb2O3, and SeO2 as reagents. The crystal structure of VSb(SeO3)4 has been solved and refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Whereas the starting V(5+) cation has been reduced to V(3+), the Sb(3+) cation has been oxidized to Sb(5+) during the synthesis. VSb(SeO3)4 has a three-dimensional framework structure consisting of V/SbO6 octahedra and SeO3 groups. The V(3+) and Sb(5+) cations are statistically disordered in the same site with 50% occupancy. The oxide ligands in SeO3 groups are shared by V/SbO6 octahedra, and the framework expands outward radially from the center. The effective magnetic moment is estimated to be µeff = 2.57 µB per V(3+) from the magnetic property measurements. The g-factor is determined to be g = 1.9(4) from the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, which is typical for a d(2) ion. The spin-polarized DFT+U calculations with U = 4 and 5 eV exhibit the magnetic moments of 1.98 µB and 2.01 µB, respectively, on V(3+) ion. Infrared and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and electronic structure calculations are also reported.

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