[Problems of monitoring malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system in the Siberian Federal District and ways to solve them]. / Problemy monitoringa zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy v Sibirskom federal'nom okruge i puti ikh resheniya.

BACKGROUND: Incidence and recording of neuro-oncological tumors comprise an important problem in the world and In Russia including the Siberian federal district. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) (C70-72) in the Siberian federal district and appropriate constituent territories. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of standardized indicators was based on form No. 7 "Information on malignant neoplasms" for the period 2013-2022, population and male-to-female ratio in the Siberian federal district. RESULTS: The number of patients with CNS tumors increases in the Siberian federal district while relative rates of CNS cancer incidence are stable (men 5.2±0.2%, women 3.8±0.2%). The peak incidence has shifted from the age of 65-69 years to older category (75-79 years). Mean age of patients increased by 4.6 years (53.8±1.9 years in 2022) for men and 5.5 years (58.3±1.7 years in 2022) for women (p<0.001). We developed the algorithm for therapeutic and diagnostic care in patients with CNS tumors to solve permanent organizational problems in the Tomsk region. A specialized neuro-oncological registry based on territorial cancer registry was used. CONCLUSION: Development and implementation of neuro-oncological registry programs for all tumors of the central nervous system will be valuable to assess oncological epidemiological situation. Moreover, we can expect earlier diagnosis and timely specialized treatment of such patients.

[Validation of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index in the Russian language]. / Validatsiya akusticheskogo indeksa kachestva golosa (the Acoustic Voice Quality Index) dlya russkogo yazyka.

THE AIM: Of this study was to validate the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) in Russian language and determine threshold values to differentiate normal and dysphonic voices in russophone population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 41 recordings of patients with laryngeal hemiplegia and hemiparesis appeared after thyroid carcinomas' surgical treatment and laryngeal cancer from the Tomsk Cancer Research Institute were used, as well as 10 new recordings of normophonic people, composing a control group. Voice samples included the first quatrain of the poem «Sail¼ written by M.Yu. Lermontov, and sustained vowel «a¼. Four specialists who work with voice disorders (three speech-language pathologists and one phoniatrist) rated degree of dysphonia for all voice sample. Moreover, the AVQI was calculated for each sample. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation between auditory-perceptual assessment and the AVQI (r=0.74), this confirms that AVQI is effective in evaluating voice disorders. The group of people with normal voice had relatively low values of AVQI, whereas the group of patients with laryngeal diseases had relatively high values. Analysis of ROC-curve showed that AVQI has excellent diagnostic accuracy to differentiate normal and dysphonic voices (AUC=0.966). CONCLUSIONS: The AVQI is the excellent tool for objective assessment of voice disorders in the Russian population/.

[Restoration of the voice function after subtotal laryngectomy and formation of tracheopharyngeal shunt]. / Vosstanovlenie golosovoi funktsii posle subtotal'noi laringéktomii i formirovaniia trakheoglotochnogo shunta.

We introduce our newly designed voice restoration technique for patients who have undergone subtotal laryngectomy for laryngeal and pharyngolaryngeal cancer. To study the efficacy of this technique, we analyzed the voice rehabilitation results in 14 patients with laryngeal and pharyngolaryngeal cancer. Voice function was restored in 13 (92.9%) patients 6-12 days after starting speech therapy. The middle voice, voice of medium timbre, long speech (phrase of 4-5 words) and speech sufficient for communication in everyday life and on the phone were formed. An acoustic analysis of spectral components of the speech signal of the formed voice revealed that the main voice parameters were reduced (the frequency of the fundamental tone was 75-130 Hz and the time of maximum phonation varied from 1.5 to 2.7 s). At a follow-up of 12 months, the frequency of the fundamental tone increased up to 120-170 Hz and the time of maximum phonation increased up to 4-4.5 s. Our technique of voice restoration after subtotal laryngectomy with the formation of a tracheopharyngeal shunt allowed us to restore voice function in a short time, return the previous social status and significantly improve the quality of life of laryngectomized patients.

Circulating Actin-Binding Proteins in Laryngeal Cancer: Its Relationship with Circulating Tumor Cells and Cells of the Immune System.

We previously exposed the role of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in cancer development and progression. In this paper, we studied the relationship between circulating ABPs and the number of ABP-expressing leukocytes and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with highly aggressive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The levels of cofilin (CFL1), profilin (PFN1), ezrin (EZR), fascin (FSCN1), and adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) were determined using enzyme immunoassay. The ABP expression by the cellular pools was analyzed by flow cytometry. The highest levels of FSCN1 and EZR were found in the blood serum of LSCC patients. There was a difference in ABP expression between the pools of leukocytes and CTCs. Leukocytes were mainly represented by CAP1+ and FSCN1+ pools, and CTCs contained CAP1+, FSCN1+, and EZR+ cells. The serum FSCN1 level correlated with the number of FSCN1-containing and CFL1-containing leukocytes. Thus, the level of circulating EZR is likely related to its expression in CTCs. The levels of CFL1 and PFN1 are likely to be supported by the expression of these proteins by leukocytes. Both CTCs and leukocytes can be a source of FSCN1 and CAP1 in blood serum. The results suggest that serum proteins can be produced by various cells, thus indicating both cancer development and the response of the immune system to this process.

Solution blow spinning of PLLA/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Composite poly-L-lactide acid-based scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HAp) content up to 75 wt.% were fabricated via solution blow spinning. The influence of HAp concentration on structure, wettability, mechanical properties and chemical and phase composition of the produced materials was examined. It was found that with an increase of HAp content the average fiber diameter was increased, the uniaxial strength and relative elongation were reduced, while the phase composition and surface wettability did not change. The performance of the scaffolds during implantation in the parietal bone of a rat skull for a period from 15 to 90 days was studied. The materials have shown high ability to integrate with both soft and hard tissues. It was found that scaffolds with 25 wt.% HAp content significantly enhance osteogenesis during scarification (damage) of the periosteum. Overall, the fabricated scaffolds proved to be highly efficient for replacing bone defects in long tubular bones.

Relationship between the mRNA Expression Levels of Calpains 1/2 and Proteins Involved in Cytoskeleton Remodeling.

Remodeling of the cytoskeleton underlies various cellular processes, including those associated with metastasis. The role of the proteases and proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization is being actively studied. However, there are no published data on the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of calpains 1/2 (CAPN 1/2) and the proteins associated with cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to establish the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of CAPN 1/2 and the proteins involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, such as cell motility markers (SNAI1, VIM, and RND3) and actin-binding proteins (CFN1, PFN1, EZR, FSCN1, and CAP1) using the model of laryngeal/laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LC). The gene expression level was determined by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR and calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method in paired tissue samples of 44 patients with LC (T1-4N0-2M0). The patients were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high CAPN 1/2 expression levels. It was found that metastasis in LC patients was associated with decreased expression levels of VIM and CAP1, and increased levels of CAPN1. A high level of CAPN2 was accompanied by a high expression level of EZR, indicating the activation of invasion processes. The results obtained need to be confirmed in further studies using a larger sample of patients and target genes. Our study is important in elucidating the mechanisms that underlie cancer progression and metastasis, a development that could subsequently open the way to a search for new prognostic and predictive markers of laryngeal/laryngopharyngeal cancer progression.

Cytogenetic effects of neutron therapy in patients with parotid gland tumors and relapse of breast cancer.

AIM: To assess the frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with parotid salivary gland tumors and relapse of breast cancer during the course of neutron therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of peripheral blood were obtained from 9 patients with parotid salivary gland tumors (T3N0-3M0) and 8 patients with relapse of breast cancer before, after first fraction and at the end of neutron therapy. The treatment course specified 5.5-8.4 Gy (equivalent to 23-44 Gy of photon irradiation) with 1.3-2.2 Gy per fraction for patients with parotid salivary gland tumors and 4,8-8.0 Gy (equivalent to 30-40 Gy of photon irradiation) with 1.6 Gy per fraction for patients with relapse of breast cancer. Control group established for conventional cytogenetic analysis consisted of 15 healthy persons. Assessment of chromosome aberrations frequency was performed on routinely stained metaphase plates. Lymphocytes from the same patients were analyzed by micronucleus test in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using pancentromeric DNA probe. RESULTS: Level of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei significantly increased in lymphocytes of patients from both groups during neutron therapy (P < 0.05). This increase was mainly due to chromosome-type aberrations and centromere-negative micronuclei. The prevalent types of aberrations are in agreement with theoretical mechanisms of neutron effects on cells. CONCLUSION: Cytogenetic effects of fast neutron therapy in lymphocytes of patients with parotid salivary gland tumors and relapse of breast cancer were observed. A positive dynamics of radiation-induced chromosomal damages formation during the course was denoted in lymphocytes of cancer patients in both groups.