Itraconazole pharmacokinetics in the female genital tract: plasma and tissue levels in patients undergoing hysterectomy after a single dose of 200 mg itraconazole.

Twenty patients who underwent hysterectomy received a single dose of 200 mg itraconazole at different moments before surgery. At the moment of surgery, a urine sample, blood sample and tissue samples of different organs of the female genital tract were collected. Blood levels and tissue levels of itraconazole were measured by means of an HPLC method. Itraconazole blood levels were lower than the corresponding tissue levels in the various organs of the female genital tract. This finding for itraconazole is different from findings with ketoconazole, indicating that itraconazole has a higher affinity for tissue than ketoconazole. Urine levels of itraconazole were virtually undetectable in all samples. None of the patients complained of side-effects, and blood biochemical parameters all remained within the normal limits. The premedication with itraconazole had no effect whatsoever on the induction and maintenance of and recovery from the anaesthesia. No abnormal effects on ECG were observed.

A double-blind comparative trial of astemizole and terfenadine for the treatment of hay fever.

Astemizole, a new long acting and non sedative antihistamine, and Terfenadine, an H1 antagonist widely used, were compared in a randomized double-blind study over 4 weeks in 55 patients suffering from hay fever. The clinical symptoms were recorded daily from each patient on a 4-point scale from 0 = none to 3 = severe. After 2 weeks of therapy and at the end, the total clinical score was evaluated and both the investigator and the patient made an overall assessment of the therapeutic effect. Both drugs were effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms, but the clinical response tended to be better with Astemizole than Terfenadine. The difference between the two drugs, however, was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) only after 2 weeks of treatment. Some side effects, including drowsiness, were observed with similar incidence in both treatment groups. Astemizole appears to be a simple, effective and safe therapy for hay fever.

Itraconazole in dermatophyte infections: clinical experience in Italy.

Approximately 200 patients with clinically and mycologically diagnosed dermatophytoses were treated with itraconazole. The drug was administered at a dose of 100 mg with the main meal. Therapy duration was as follows: tinea corporis and tinea cruris, 14 days; tinea pedis and tinea manuum, 28 days; tinea unguium of hands, three months, and feet, six months; tinea capitis, 30 days. Clinical and mycological control tests (eg, direct microscopy and culture) were performed prior to treatment, at the end of treatment and two and four weeks after the end of treatment. Blood chemistry parameters were measured before and at the end of treatment. The results of the research presented here mirror exactly those of international research and therefore confirm that itraconazole is both active and well tolerated in the treatment of dermatophytoses.

Levocabastine versus cromolyn sodium in the treatment of pollen-induced conjunctivitis.

Thirty patients with allergic conjunctivitis, caused by Parietaria or grass pollens, participated in a double-blind parallel study comparing levocabastine to cromolyn sodium, both given as eye drops. Symptom and sign scores were recorded during a 4-week period. The patients received only these drugs during the time of observation. The evaluation of the clinical signs and symptoms by the clinicians and by the patients revealed a significant improvement of conjunctivitis in all patients. The intergroup comparison was equal in the two groups treated respectively with levocabastine and cromolyn. Therefore, levocabastine and cromolyn are effective in the treatment of pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis.