Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 2: mechanisms and benefits.

A healthy physiology depends on a plethora of complex interdependent biochemical reactions. In order for these reactions to occur suitably, the enzymes and cofactors that regulate their flow must be present in the proper balance. The term metabolic correction is used to describe a biochemical-physiological process that improves cellular biochemistry as a means to an individual's achieving metabolic or physiological optimization. Part 2 discusses how metabolic correction, through the increase of cofactors, can supply unmet enzyme needs and compensate for nutritional deficiencies induced by improper nutritional intake or by the increased demand for nutrients caused by genetics, health conditions, medications, or physical or environmental stressors. Nutrient insufficiencies are causing an increase in morbidity and mortality, at great cost to our society. In summary, metabolic correction improves enzymatic function and satisfies the increasing demand for nutrients. Metabolic correction can have a significant impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality and their financial cost to our society and contribute to improving health and well-being.

Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 1: concept and historical background.

Human physiology depends on countless biochemical reactions, numerous of which are co-dependent and interrelated. The speed and level of completion of reactions usually depend on the availability of precursors and enzymes. The enzymatic activity depends on the bioavailability of micronutrient cofactors such as vitamins and minerals. In order to achieve a healthy physiological state, the organism requires that biochemical reactions occur at a controlled rate. To achieve this state it is required that metabolic reactions reach what can be considered an optimal metabolic equilibrium. A combination of genetic makeup, dietary patterns, trauma, disease, toxins, medications, and environmental stressors can elevate the demand for the nutrients needed to reach this optimal metabolic equilibrium. In this, part 1, the general concept of metabolic correction is presented with an elaboration explaining how this concept is increasing in importance as we become aware of the presence of genetic variants that affect enzymatic reactions causing metabolic disturbances that themselves favor or promote the disease state. In addition, part 1 reviews how prominent scientists have contributed in fundamental ways to our understanding of the importance of micronutrients in health and disease and in the development of the metabolic correction concept.

[Metabolic correction: a biochemical option against diseases]. / Corrección metabólica: Una opción bioquímica contra las enfermedades.

Human development and its physiology depends on a number of complex biochemical body processes, many of which are interactive and codependent. The speed and the degree in which many physiological reactions are completed depend on enzyme activity, which in turn depends on the bioavailability of co-factors and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. To achieve a healthy physiological state, organism need that biochemical reactions occur in a controlled and specific way at a particular speed and level or grade fully completed. To achieve this, is required an optimal metabolic balance. Factors such as, a particular genetic composition, inadequate dietary consumption patterns, traumas, diseases, toxins and environmental stress all of these factors rising demands for nutrients in order to obtain optimal metabolic balance. Metabolic correction is a biochemical and physiological concept that explains how improvements in cellular biochemistry of an organism can help the body achieve metabolic and physiological optimization. We summarize the contribution of several pioneers in understanding the role of micronutrients in health management. The concept of metabolic correction is becoming a significant term due to the presence of genetic variants that affect the speed of reactions of enzymes, causing metabolic alterations that enhance or promote the state/development of multiple diseases. Decline in the nutritional value of the food we eat, the increase in demand for certain nutrients caused by normal development, diseases and medications induce, usually, nutrients consumption. These nutritional deficiencies and insufficiencies are causing massive economic costs due to increased morbidity and mortality in our society. In summary, metabolic correction improves the enzymatic function, which favors the physiological normal functions, thus, contributing to improving health and the welfare of the human being. The purpose of this paper is to describe and introduce the concept of optimal metabolic correction as a functional cost-effective mechanism against disease, in addition, to contribute to diseases prevention and regeneration of the body and health.

The use of autologous blood transfusions in pediatric orthopaedic surgery

En este estudio se revisó los expedientes médicos de 29 pacientes que fueron sometidos a procedimientos de fusión espinal con el propósito de evaluar la efectividad de usar sangre antóloga e depositada previo a la cirugía para reemplazar la pérdida de sangrre operatoria. La edad de los pacientes fluctuó entre 8 y 25 años. Una vez se determinó la fecha de la cirugía, cada paciente comenzó en un suplemento de hierro oral. Las flebotomias fueron efectuadas por los Servicios de Sangre de la Cruz Roja Americana, Capítulo de Puerto Rico. La sangre fue removida 1 unidad cada 6 días si el hematocrito se mantuvo por encima de 34%. La última flebotomía fue efectuada por lo menos 7 días antes de la fecha establecida para la cirugía. La cantidad promedio de sangre donada fue 3.17 unidades (1,427 ml). La sangre fue almacenada utilizando la solución de adenina y salina como preservativo por un período no mayor de 35 días. El valor promedio de hematocrito preoperatorio fue 35%. En 89% de los casos estudiados, los pacientes fueron transfundidos utilizando sangre autóloga solamente. En el resto de los casos se requirió utilizar sangre homóloga donada por los familiares. El uso de sangre autóloga depositada de antemano para reemplazar la pérdida sanguínea intraoperatoria ha demostrado ser un método seguro, sencillo y bien aceptado para los pacientes de edad pediátrica. Esta técnica también reduce la demanda por sangre homóloga ayudando a mantener una reserva adecuada en los bancos de sangre