RESUMO
We present the experience of the Citadelle Hospital (Liege, B) in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of medulloblastoma in children. A retrospective study of 10 cases of medulloblastoma was performed. Five years after diagnosis, the event-free survival was 77%.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Meduloblastoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Bélgica , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Hipertensão Intracraniana/cirurgia , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico , Meduloblastoma/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of single-agent intravenous (IV) weekly Navelbine (vinorelbine or 5'-nor-anhydro-vinblastine; Pierre Fabre Médicament, Boulogne, France), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, in women who had received no prior chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-seven patients with assessable advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had received no prior chemotherapy were entered onto the study. They were stratified into five groups according to the main assessable tumor target: lung, liver, lymph nodes, skin, and others. One hundred forty-five patients were assessable for toxicity and response using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria; the 12 patients who were not evaluated were excluded because they were found not to meet the eligibility criteria. Navelbine was administered as a weekly 30-mg/m2 short IV infusion, and treatment was continued until disease progression. RESULTS: The overall response rate (WHO criteria) was 41% (complete response [CR], 7%; partial response [PR], 34%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33% to 49%). In addition, 30% of the patients had stable disease. The response rate according to target was lymph nodes (28 of 42), 67%; liver (nine of 39), 23%; lung (10 of 30), 33%; skin (21 of 30), 70%; primary tumor (10 of 16), 56%; and bone (three of 10), 30%. The median time to treatment failure was 6 months and the median survival was 18 months. A total of 1,673 cycles were given to 145 eligible patients. At least one episode of WHO grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia was seen in 72% of the patients. Nausea and/or vomiting, anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia were seen in less than 1% of cycles. Other side effects were rare, and additional toxicities were documented in the following proportions of patients: grade 2 to 3 alopecia, 8%; infectious episodes, 6%; and peripheral neuropathy, 3%. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that Navelbine has major single-agent antitumor activity as front-line therapy in advanced breast cancer. Given its excellent tolerance profile and low toxicity, it should be considered for inclusion in first-line combination chemotherapy regimens.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vimblastina/administração & dosagem , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico , VinorelbinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We compared prospectively the antitumor efficacy of two combination chemotherapy regimens with two different dose levels of epirubicin as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-one fully assessable patients were randomized to receive either our intensified schedule (group A, n = 71) of epirubicin 50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 (every 3 weeks), or a non-intensified program (group B, n = 70) in which epirubicin was only administered on day 1. Both groups also received fluorouracil (5 FU) and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 on day 1 of each course. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in response rate was observed (69% in group A v 41% in group B, P < .001) for both locally advanced (LA) and recurrent metastatic (RM) disease. Response duration (22 v 14 months, P < .01) and time to progression (TTP; 19 v 8 months, P < .02) were also significantly improved. Overall survival was similar in both groups. However, univariate and/or multivariate analyses showed a meaningful relationship between type of treatment allocated, dose-intensity (DI) of epirubicin, and response rate, as well as between TTP and survival. Ultimately, TTP and survival were also influenced by further treatment modalities, namely, hormonotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study validates prospectively the concept of a dose-response relationship for an anthracycline-based chemotherapy in previously untreated advanced breast cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Análise Atuarial , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Childhood lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that are quite different from adult lymphomas. Over the past three decades, empirical chemotherapeutic management has transformed survival figures, and more recently greater understanding of the biology is offering hope for improved management of resistant disease. We present here the experience of a single institution in the management of 27 childhood lymphomas; epidemiological and clinical characteristics are described as well as survival rates. The median follow up of the patients is 4 years 7 months. The five-year overall survival for the entire group is more than 95 %; the 5-year disease free survival is 91,6 % for Hodgkin's lymphomas, 92,8% for non Hodgkin's lymphomas and 100% for Burkitt diseases. Two relapses have occurred and all of them appeared within the 18 months of the diagnosis. No toxic death has been reported.
Assuntos
Linfoma/terapia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , França , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Linfoma/patologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this retrospective study, we analyse epidemiology, clinical symptoms and therapeutic results in a group of 23 children with neuroblastoma. Half of them were less than 2 years of age; in 19 of 23, the primitive tumour was abdominal; 35% of them were initially metastatic. The overall survival was 83% at 5 years and the event free survival, 75% at 5 years. Pronostic factors are age, extension of the disease at diagnosis, biologic parameters and genetic study of the neuroblast cells (amplification of N-myc oncogen). Our study shows the deleterious effect of bone lesions.
Assuntos
Neuroblastoma/diagnóstico , Neuroblastoma/terapia , Neoplasias Abdominais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Abdominais/genética , Neoplasias Abdominais/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Neuroblastoma/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Torácicas/genética , Neoplasias Torácicas/terapiaRESUMO
Eighty one patients with inoperable non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were entered in a randomized phase II trial comparing split-dose irradiation alone to combined treatment radiotherapy and polychemotherapy (C.A.P. + V.D.S.). The quality of life and the survival of the patients were studied. We have defined three classes of quality of life responses based on the time elapsed before the performance status index drops. A higher quality of life failure rate was observed in the combined treatment group (p non-significant) but the time elapsed before the Karnofsky index drops is longer in the combined treatment group for the quality of life "no change" subgroup (p = 0.15). Survival and quality adjusted survival are similar in both treatment groups. The same conclusion holds for retrospective stratified treatment groups. The results of the study are presented according to the decision tree theory. We conclude that as far as the quality of life is concerned, polychemotherapy combined with the particular split-dose irradiation schedule used is an effective treatment of inoperable NSCLC. Its efficiency is comparable to, but not better than, the same radiotherapy schedule alone taken as a reference baseline.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
In an ongoing phase II trial conducted in advanced breast cancer, we tested a therapy schedule consisting of continuous, 24-h infusion of 5 g/m2 ifosfamide (IFO) in 3 1 dextrose saline with mesna (MSN), repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression. Since September 1988, 16 heavily pretreated patients with advanced disease (11 with visceral lesions) considered refractory to standard chemotherapy (regimens always including cyclophosphamide) have been included. Objective partial remissions were observed in two cases (one in liver and one in soft-tissue and pleural lesions), and disease stabilization for at least 3 months occurred in four cases. No treatment-related death was recorded and tolerance was judged to be excellent (six cases) or acceptable in all instances. The haematological toxicity consisted mainly of transient leucopenia (nadirs evaluated by WHO scale as grade 3 in 43% and grade 4 in 29%), sometimes associated with thrombocytopenia (grade 3 in 7% and grade 4 in 7%). Other side effects included nausea and/or vomiting (grade 3-4 in 33%); worsening of preexisting alopecia (five cases); haemorrhagic cystitis (one case); mild, transient somnolence (two cases); and moderate fluid retention (two cases). We concluded that infusion of 5 g/m2 IFO over 24 h with MSN rescue might represent an acceptable second- or third-line salvage regimen. Close monitoring of haematological and renal function parameters is recommended. A larger number of patients will be treated in a continuation of this study to evaluate the true response rate within narrower confidence limits.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Ifosfamida/administração & dosagem , Mercaptoetanol/análogos & derivados , Mesna/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Ifosfamida/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
One hundred and fourteen consecutive totally implantable catheters were inserted in 114 patients between April 1984 and April 1987. Catheters were inserted under neuroleptanalgesia, through the jugular vein in 101 cases or the internal saphenous vein in 13 cases. No problem was encountered during the insertion procedure. Infection occurred in 5.2% of the patients but removal of the device was required in only 2.6%. Occlusion of the catheter occurred in 6.1% of the patients but never during the first 2 months. This complication rate is lower than the one observed with external tunnelled catheters. The comfort of the patient is substantially improved and nursing care is greatly facilitated.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Cateteres de Demora , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Elastômeros de Silicone , Aço Inoxidável , Veia Cava InferiorRESUMO
Single agent carboplatin has demonstrated antitumoral activity in patients with advanced breast cancer. Thirty patients with inoperable locally advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer were treated with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) in combination with cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (500 mg/m2) given on day 1 in a 4-weekly schedule. Of 29 patients evaluable for response, 4 presented CR and 4 PR (28%). Seven out of 19 chemotherapy-naive patients achieved CR (4) or PR (3) (37%). In contrast, only one patient out of 10 achieved PR in the group with previous adjuvant chemotherapy (10%). Responses were observed in primary tumours as well as in metastatic sites, including lymph nodes, lung, liver and skin. Median duration of response was 7.5+ and 3.8 months in CR and PR patients respectively. Toxicity was generally mild. Only 2 patients presented with clinically relevant hematologic toxicity. No significant non-hematologic toxicity was observed. It appears that this regimen, at the dosage and schedule studied, possesses only modest activity in patients with breast cancer, while being relatively atoxic. Carboplatin merits further investigation in this disease, but dosing should be individualised using e.g. a pharmacokinetic formula.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Medula Óssea/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Cuidados Paliativos , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cancer of the ovary is much less frequent than breast cancer. Nevertheless, it hits 12 women out of 1,000,000 every year. The majority of patients are diagnosed with the disease in their fifties. The usual prognosis for ovarian cancer is back. Indeed, in 70 percent of all cases, it is, unfortunately, discovered at an advanced stage. This article will discuss the medical therapeutic approaches to ovary cancer, while stressing that major surgery is the basic treatment. If hormonotherapy and immunotherapy have not so far proven their efficacy, chemotherapy treatment has shown its ability to combat this affliction.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Carcinoma/etiologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/etiologia , Prognóstico , Radioterapia AdjuvanteRESUMO
The authors first analyzed the potential interest of the delivery of anticancer agents according to chronobiological concepts for human pancreatic cancer. They report their experience on 41 patients treated in adjuvant (12 cases) or palliative (29 cases) situations. The excellent therapeutic index observed warrants further evaluations of this concept in randomized trials.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Cronoterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Paliativos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains poor, with a 5-year survival rate lower than 5%. Resection, the gold standard treatment, can be performed in less than 15% of patients. Following surgery, the median survival is 12 months for the most favourable cancer patients. Adjuvant treatment have attempted to improve results. However, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and multimodal treatments don't have demonstrated a clear advantage in controlled trials. We will discuss results of the current trials in this topic. The randomised trial of the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC) recently published in the Lancet revealed a potential benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. A critical analysis of the publication showed, however, that definitive conclusions of this trial must be interpreted with caution.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Domperidone (R 33812) was injected i.v. for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in a total of 395 cytostatic treatment courses in 172 patients. The total dose ranged from 1 to 40 mg and was given in one or several doses. Even after the administration of severely emetic substances, vomiting and nausea were largely prevented in hospitalized patients, but the results were rather poor in ambulatory patients. In all of the cytostatic treatment schedules very favourable results were obtained.