RESUMO
A D-ring contracted analogue of the strongly cytotoxic marine pyrrole alkaloid lamellarin D was synthesized and investigated for its antiproliferative action towards a wild type and a multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell line. The compound was found to inhibit tumor cell growth at submicromolar concentrations and showed a lower relative resistance in the MDR cell line than the antitumor drug camptothecin to which lamellarin D shows cross resistance and with which lamellarin D shares the same binding site.
Assuntos
Cumarínicos/síntese química , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacologia , Isoquinolinas/síntese química , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cumarínicos/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/química , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/genética , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/metabolismo , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem da Fase M do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Mutagênese , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I/metabolismo , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I/farmacologiaRESUMO
DNA topoisomerases 1 and 2 are enzymes that maintain DNA topology and play important essential genome functions, including DNA replication and transcription. Aberrant topoisomerases cause genome instability and a wide range of diseases, cancer in particular. Both Topo 1 and 2 are the targets of valuable anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin. It has been previously shown that artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L. also known as qinghaosu, possesses anti-cancer effects and one of its derivatives, artesunate inhibits Topo 2. In this study, we evaluated artemisinin and 40 derivatives as potential Topo 1 inhibitors at first by in silico molecular docking analyses. Five compounds that showed comparable binding energies and similar docking poses were selected for in vitro cytotoxicity test and Comet assay for DNA damage. WWLL-013, WWLL-022, and WWLL-1098 showed the lowest binding energy also induced DNA damage in the Comet assay. CMK-0298 and CMK-0398 intercalated into DNA and induced mild DNA damage. All selected compounds, WWLL-013 in particular, were more cytotoxic toward the rat tumor cells than to the normal cells. In conclusion, the artemisinin derivatives such as CMK-0298, CMK-0398, WWLL-013, WWLL-022, and WWLL-1098 can be further developed as Topo 1 inhibitors.