RESUMO
BACKGROUND: People with intellectual developmental disorders have significant health disparities and a lack of proper attention to their health needs. They have been underrepresented in scientific research, and very few studies have been carried out using a representative randomized sample. The aim of this study was to describe the methods used in the POMONA-ESP project to recruit a representative and randomized sample of participants with intellectual developmental disorders. METHODS: The POMONA-ESP project is an observational cross-sectional study. It aims to explore the health status of people with intellectual developmental disorders across Spain and the use they make of health services. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of the POMONA-ESP project may have a major impact on people with intellectual developmental disorders and society in general. It is the first study to obtain geographically representative epidemiological data from a large sample, information that is fundamental to improving care and healthcare planning for people with intellectual developmental disorders.
Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/classificação , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Deficiência Intelectual/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to summarize the main results of the POMONA-ESP project, the first study to explore health status in a large representative, randomized and stratified sample of people with intellectual developmental disorders in Spain. METHODS: The POMONA-ESP project collected information about the health of 953 individuals with intellectual developmental disorders. RESULTS: Diseases such as urinary incontinence, oral problems, epilepsy, constipation or obesity were highly prevalent among the participants; with gender-differentiated prevalences for certain conditions, and age and intellectual disability level as risk factors for disease. Overmedication was common in the sample, and drugs were often prescribed without any clinical indication or follow-up. The present authors also found a lack of important relevant information about the participant's health and a lack of adequate genetic counselling. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of health status and needs of people with intellectual developmental disorders and suggest several courses of action to improve their health care.
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Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Deficiência Intelectual , Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Comorbidade , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Deficiência Intelectual/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Although the primary cause of the disease is presently unknown, to date several risk factors have been described. Evidence suggests that one of these risk factors could be chronic stress. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that chronic stress is able to induce Alzheimer's disease features after the administration of nontoxic doses of sodium azide. We found that chronic stress increases the levels of several proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, such as presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and S100ß, besides inducing the aggregation of Tau, ubiquitin, and ß-amyloid proteins in the hippocampus. More important, our work shows a synergistic effect of stress and sodium azide treatment leading to significant neuronal death in the mouse hippocampus. Our results point out that chronic stress is a risk factor contributing to amplify and accelerate Alzheimer's disease features in the hippocampus.
Assuntos
Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Azida Sódica/farmacologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Animais , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
This review aims to point out that chronic stress is able to accelerate the appearance of Alzheimer's disease (AD), proposing the former as a risk factor for the latter. Firstly, in the introduction we describe some human epidemiological studies pointing out the possibility that chronic stress could increase the incidence, or the rate of appearance of AD. Afterwards, we try to justify these epidemiological results with some experimental data. We have reviewed the experiments studying the effect of various stressors on different features in AD animal models. Moreover, we also point out the data obtained on the effect of chronic stress on some processes that are known to be involved in AD, such as inflammation and glucose metabolism. Later, we relate some of the processes known to be involved in aging and AD, such as accumulation of ß-amyloid, TAU hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and impairement of mitochondrial function, emphasizing how they are affected by chronic stress/glucocorticoids and comparing with the description made for these processes in AD. All these data support the idea that chronic stress could be considered a risk factor for AD.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/imunologia , Doença de Alzheimer , Neuroimunomodulação/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/imunologia , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Animais , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
More than half of all global deaths in 2010 were related to non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses. It has been suggested that the alarming increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is the epidemiologic result of a nutrition transition characterized by dietary patterns featuring an increase in the intake of total fat, cholesterol, sugars, and other refined carbohydrates, concomitant with low consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber. Although traditional dietary approaches have proven successful as part of the treatment for obesity and cardiometabolic derangements within clinical trial scenarios, they lack effectiveness in the long term, mainly due to poor compliance. Research has thus turned its attention to nutraceutics, nutrients that have the ability to modulate physiological and pathophysiological molecular mechanisms, thus resulting in favorable health outcomes. Polyphenols have been considered as among the bioactive molecules as they are thought to yield beneficial effects by exerting antioxidant activity; however, there are other--and even more robust--metabolic pathways through which polyphenols enhance cardiovascular health, such as via promoting vasodilatory, anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. No standard dose has yet been determined, as the effects greatly vary among polyphenols and food sources; thus, there is an imperative need to generate more evidence in order to support dietary recommendations aimed at the prevention and therapeutics of obesity and its associated cardiometabolic diseases.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndrome Metabólica/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios , Antioxidantes , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta , Dieta Mediterrânea , Fibrinolíticos , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Política Nutricional , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , VasodilatadoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) it is frequently found a reduction in urinary citrate of unknown origin. It has been suggested that it could be a marker of acid retention in chronic kidney disease. Our aim was to compare urinary citrate in ADPKD with other nephropathies and to show its relation with serum bicarbonate. METHODS: We determined urinary citrate in patients with several nephropathies and varied renal function. We included 291 patients, 119 with glomerular diseases, 116 with ADPKD, 21 with other nephropathies, and 35 patients with normal renal function. RESULTS: Urinary citrate was higher in women and in patients with normal renal function. ADPKD patients showed similar values of urinary citrate to patients with glomerular diseases and with other nephropathies. We observed a progressive reduction in urinary citrate with renal impairment, in a comparable way among patients with ADPKD and glomerular diseases. We did not observe a relationship with serum bicarbonate. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in patients with glomerular diseases than in ADPKD patients, even after correction with the degree of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Hypocitraturia is not specific of ADPKD but it is also present in all tested nephropathies and is related with renal impairment and not with serum bicarbonate. It could be interesting to study urinary citrate as a marker of renal function and as a prognostic factor.
Assuntos
Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante , Insuficiência Renal , Bicarbonatos , Biomarcadores , Citratos , Ácido Cítrico , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Humanos , Rim/fisiologia , Masculino , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/complicações , Ácido ÚricoRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and variables related to perceived stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Colombian adults using a designed online cross-sectional survey. Adults answered a version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) modified for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C), with Cronbach alpha equal to 0.86. In total, 406 individuals aged between 19 and 88 years (M = 43.9; SD = 12.4) agreed to participate in the survey: 61.8% were females, 90.6% had a university degree, 44.1% were health professionals, and 45.7% considered public health policies for preventing the spread of the disease inconsistent with scientific recommendations. PSS-10-C scores ranged from 0 to 36 (M = 16.5; SD = 7.3); 58 individuals (14.3%) scored for high perceived stress (cut-off point = 25). The inconsistency between policies and scientific evidence was significantly related to high perception of stress associated with COVID-19 (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.32-4.20), after adjusting for gender. We concluded that the study group presented the prevalence of perceived stress associated with COVID-19 at high levels, arising from the inconsistent strategies developed by health authorities in view of scientific recommendations. Further researches must address the psychosocial aspects of epidemics.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Angústia Psicológica , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Docentes/psicologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite the wide spectrum of experimental compounds tested in clinical trials, there is still no proven pharmacological treatment available for Fragile-X syndrome (FXS), since several targeted clinical trials with high expectations of success have failed to demonstrate significant improvements. Here we tested epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a treatment option for ameliorating core cognitive and behavioral features in FXS. METHODS: We conducted preclinical studies in Fmr1 knockout mice (Fmr1-/y) using novel object-recognition memory paradigm upon acute EGCG (10 mg/kg) administration. Furthermore we conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial (TESXF; NCT01855971). Twenty-seven subjects with FXS (18-55 years) were administered of EGCG (5-7 mg/kg/day) combined with cognitive training (CT) during 3 months with 3 months of follow-up after treatment discontinuation. RESULTS: Preclinical studies showed an improvement in memory using the Novel Object Recognition paradigm. We found that FXS patients receiving EGCG + CT significantly improved cognition (visual episodic memory) and functional competence (ABAS II-Home Living skills) in everyday life compared to subjects receiving Placebo + CT. CONCLUSIONS: Phase 2 clinical trials in larger groups of subjects are necessary to establish the therapeutic potential of EGCG for the improvement of cognition and daily life competences in FXS.
Assuntos
Catequina/análogos & derivados , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/terapia , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/complicações , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/terapia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Animais , Catequina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Despite the importance of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients, the frequency of atrial fibrillation in incident dialysis patients has not been determined. We analyzed the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients starting dialysis over a 4-year period, its occurrence over the course of dialysis, and its influence on ischemic stroke and mortality. Factors predisposing to atrial fibrillation were noted, as was the influence of arrhythmia on mortality and presentation of ischemic stroke. Of the 256 patients studied, 31 had atrial fibrillation at the start of dialysis. Increased age, larger left atrium, and female gender were independently related to the presence of atrial fibrillation at dialysis inception. Of the 225 patients who were in sinus rhythm at the start of dialysis, 28 developed atrial fibrillation during a mean follow-up time of 2 years. The presence of valvular calcifications, bundle branch block, previous ischemic stroke, lower ejection fraction, higher pulse pressure, and lower hemoglobin concentration were predictors of the clinical evolution of atrial fibrillation. Overall, atrial fibrillation increased mortality risk 1.72-fold and ischemic stroke risk 9.8-fold. Therefore, it appears that atrial fibrillation is quite prevalent and its presence is associated with significant risk.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Diálise Renal , Espanha/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The heritability of several psychiatric disorders is high, and specific at-risk variants have been identified. Therefore, genetic counseling and genetic testing can be prescribed to some psychiatric patients, but these services are not standardized for most of the population. The aims of the study were to gather opinions from mental health professionals and users regarding (a) the genetics of psychiatric disorders and (b) the usefulness of a genetic counseling unit in psychiatry. METHODS: The survey was conducted in the province of Tarragona (Spain), and we analyzed 152 valid questionnaires from professionals and 959 from users. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of professionals strongly believed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic basis, and 59% rated a genetic counseling unit in psychiatry as very or extremely useful. However, only a few professionals reported that patients asked them about the genetics of their diseases (12%) or the possibility of transmitting the disease to offspring (19%). Forty-seven percent of users strongly believed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic basis, 30% responded that they talked with their families about the genetics of their diseases, and 43% were worried about transmitting the disease to offspring; however, only 14% reported that their psychiatrist had talked to them about this topic. Remarkably, 80% of users would consider a genetic counseling unit very or extremely useful. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that mental health professionals were more aware of the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders than users, and both considered the implementation of a genetic counseling service very useful.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento Genético , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Psiquiatria/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Clínica , Família , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
DDR1 has been linked to schizophrenia (SZ) and myelination. Here, we tested whether DDR1 variants in people at risk for SZ influence white matter (WM) structural variations and cognitive processing speed (PS). First, following a case-control design (Study 1), SZ patients (Nâ¯=â¯1193) and controls (Nâ¯=â¯1839) were genotyped for rs1264323 and rs2267641â¯at DDR1, and the frequencies were compared. We replicated the association between DDR1 and SZ (rs1264323, adjusted Pâ¯=â¯0.015). Carriers of the rs1264323AA combined with the rs2267641AC or CC genotype are at risk to develop SZ compared to the other genotype combinations. Second, SZ patients (Study 2, Nâ¯=â¯194) underwent an evaluation of PS using the Trail Making Test (TMT) and DDR1 genotyping. To compare PS between DDR1 genotype groups, we conducted an analysis of covariance (including rs1264323 as a covariate) and found that SZ patients with the rs2267641CC genotype had decreased PS compared to patients with the AA and AC genotypes. Third, 54 patients (Study 3) from Study 2 were selected based on rs1264323 genotype to undergo reevaluation, including a DTI-MRI brain scan. To test for associations between PS, WM microstructure and DDR1 genotype, we first localized those WM regions where fractional anisotropy (FA) was correlated with PS and tested whether FA showed differences between the rs1264323 genotypes. SZ patients with the rs1264323AA genotype showed decreased FA in WM regions associated with decreased PS. We conclude that DDR1 variants may confer a risk of SZ through WM microstructural alterations leading to cognitive dysfunction.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Receptor com Domínio Discoidina 1/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Substância Branca/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Espanha , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Anti-inflammatory strategies have attracted much interest for their potential to prevent further deterioration of Parkinson's disease. Recent experimental and clinical evidence indicate that statins - extensively used in medical practice as effective lipid-lowering agents - have also anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the influence of simvastatin on the degenerative process of the dopaminergic neurons of the rat following intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inductor of inflammation that we have previously used as an animal model of Parkinson's disease. We evaluated TH positive neurons, astroglial, and microglial populations and found that simvastatin prevented the inflammatory processes, as the induction of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and iNOS and the consequent dopaminergic degeneration induced by LPS. Moreover, simvastatin produced the activation of the neurotrophic factor BDNF, along with the prevention of the oxidative damage to proteins. Moreover, it also prevents the main changes produced by LPS on different mitogen-activated protein kinases, featured as increases of P-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, P-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-38, and P-glycogen synthase kinase and the decrease of the promotion of cell survival signals such as cAMP response element-binding protein and Akt. Our results suggest that statins could delay the progression of dopaminergic degeneration in disorders involving inflammatory processes.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Degeneração Neural/prevenção & controle , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ácidos Araquidônicos/genética , Ácidos Araquidônicos/metabolismo , Interações Medicamentosas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Degeneração Neural/induzido quimicamente , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Strategies for the early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in people with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) are urgently needed, but few specific tools have been developed. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the EVTEA-DI, a Spanish adaptation of the PDD-MRS, in a large randomized sample of 979 adults with IDD. Factorial solution analysis suggested a three-factor solution (stereotyped behavior, communication, and social behavior). The EVTEA-DI showed good reliability and convergent validity when compared to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Discriminative validity analysis resulted in an acceptable global sensitivity of 70% and a high specificity of 90%. The EVTEA-DI proved to be a valid screening tool in ASD assessment of the adult Spanish population with IDD.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Comportamento Social , Comportamento Estereotipado , Traduções , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The methionine/valine polymorphism at position 129 in the prion protein gene, PRNP M129V, is a known risk factor for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Psychiatric manifestations including psychosis are common in the early phase of CJD and it has therefore been hypothesized that the prion protein could be involved in psychotic disorders. Moreover, among the various hypothesized functions of the prion protein, a role in synaptic activity has been described. We have studied the PRNP M129V variant with regard to psychotic disorders from two perspectives: first as a genetic risk factor and second as a genetic factor influencing phenotypic variation. A case-control study of 482 psychotic patients and 502 controls indicated that differences between patients and controls were not present in genotype distributions or allele frequencies. We also studied the influence of this variant in psychopathological symptomatology and neuropsychological performance in a subgroup of 159 psychotic patients. In our sample, patients homozygous for valine at this position presented less severe scores in the general psychopathological subscale (p=0.003) and in the sum of the total items (p=0.007) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Also, homozygote VV patients presented better scores in most neuropsychological tests, the most significant result of which was for delayed visual memory (p=0.021). In summary, our results do not support the hypothesis that M129V is a susceptibility factor for psychotic disorders. However, it could influence their phenotypic variation at the psychopathological and neuropsychological level. Independent replications are needed to confirm that being homozygotic for valine at PRNP M129V position is associated with better psychopathological and neuropsychological scores in psychotic disorders.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Metionina/genética , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Príons/genética , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Valina/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Proteínas Priônicas , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Escalas de WechslerRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring arrhythmia in the general population and is a serious health problem, its incidence in patients on hemodialysis is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the incidence of AF in our hemodialysis patients, to investigate factors that predispose to its occurrence, and to assess the clinical implications of AF. METHODS: In total, 164 patients in sinus rhythm (SR) were followed for seven years. The occurrence of AF and its influence on mortality and on the occurrence of thromboembolic events were recorded. RESULTS: In a mean follow-up period of 47 (29.5) months (i.e., 643.2 patient-years), 20 patients developed AF (3.1 per 100 patient-years). It was not possible to identify factors that predisposed to the arrhythmia. In patients aged > or =65 years, 1-year and 2-year mortality rates following the occurrence of AF were 38% and 53%, respectively, whereas the rates in those who remained in SR were 14% and 31%, respectively (P=NS). The development of AF was not found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Five patients in the AF group experienced six thromboembolic episodes in a follow-up period of 23.6 (21.4) months (i.e., 15 episodes per 100 patient-years), compared with three episodes per 100 patient-years in the SR group (relative risk=5.2; 95% CI, 2.1-12.4). CONCLUSIONS: Each year, three in every 100 patients in our dialysis unit developed AF. The occurrence of AF increased the risk of a thromboembolic complication five-fold. The use of anticoagulant treatment in these patients should be carefully evaluated.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and variables related to perceived stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Colombian adults using a designed online cross-sectional survey. Adults answered a version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) modified for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C), with Cronbach alpha equal to 0.86. In total, 406 individuals aged between 19 and 88 years (M = 43.9; SD = 12.4) agreed to participate in the survey: 61.8% were females, 90.6% had a university degree, 44.1% were health professionals, and 45.7% considered public health policies for preventing the spread of the disease inconsistent with scientific recommendations. PSS-10-C scores ranged from 0 to 36 (M = 16.5; SD = 7.3); 58 individuals (14.3%) scored for high perceived stress (cut-off point = 25). The inconsistency between policies and scientific evidence was significantly related to high perception of stress associated with COVID-19 (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.32-4.20), after adjusting for gender. We concluded that the study group presented the prevalence of perceived stress associated with COVID-19 at high levels, arising from the inconsistent strategies developed by health authorities in view of scientific recommendations. Further researches must address the psychosocial aspects of epidemics.
Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia, y algunas variables asociadas con el estrés percibido relacionado con la epidemia de COVID-19, en una muestra de adultos colombianos. Los autores diseñaron una encuesta transversal en línea. Los adultos respondieron una versión modificada de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (Perceived Stress Scale, por su siglas en inglés PSS-10); relacionado con la COVID-19 (PSS-10-C) y su alfa de Cronbach fue 0,86. Un total de 406 encuestados aceptaron participar. Las edades de los encuestados oscilaban entre los 19 y los 88 años (M = 43,9; DE = 12,4). Un 61,8% eran mujeres, un 90,6% con educación universitaria, un 44,1% trabajadores del sector salud, y un 45,7% de los participantes consideraron que las políticas públicas de salud para prevenir la propagación de la epidemia no se adecuaron a las recomendaciones científicas. El PSS-10-C tuvo una puntuación entre 0 y 36 (M = 16,5; DE = 7,3); un total de 58 participantes (14,3%) obtuvieron una puntuación para alto estrés percibido (punto de corte en 25). La inconsistencia entre las políticas tomadas y las evidencias científicas estuvo significativamente asociada con un alto estrés percibido, en relación con el COVID-19 (OR = 2,36; 95%CI: 1,32-4,20), tras realizar un ajuste por sexo. En conclusión, es alta la prevalencia del estrés percibido relacionado con el COVID-19 en esta muestra de personas colombianas. El estrés alto está relacionado con la percepción de inconsistencia entre los acuerdos de las autoridades de salud y las recomendaciones científicas. Asimismo, se necesitan más investigaciones enfocadas en los aspectos psicosociales de la epidemia.
Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a prevalência e algumas variáveis associadas à percepção de estresse relacionado à pandemia da COVID-19 em uma amostra de adultos colombianos. Os autores desenharam um estudo transversal. Os adultos responderam a uma versão modificada da Perceived Stress Scale para a COVID-19 (PSS-10-C), que apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,86. Um total de 406 adultos concordou em participar. A idade dos participantes variava de 19 a 88 anos (M = 43,9, DP = 12,4). 61,8% eram mulheres, 90,6% tinham bolsas de estudo, 44,1% eram profissionais de saúde e 45,7% achavam que as políticas de saúde pública para prevenir a propagação da epidemia não estavam de acordo com as recomendações cientificas. A pontuação da PSS-10-C variava entre 0 e 36 (M = 16,5; DP = 7,3); um total de 58 participantes (14,3%) tiveram pontuação alta para estresse percebido (ponto de corte de 25). A inconsistência entre as políticas adotadas e as evidências científicas mostraram uma associação significativa com alta percepção de estresse relacionado à COVID-19 (OR = 2,36; IC95%: 1,32-4,20), depois de ajustar para o gênero. O estudo conclui que havia alta prevalência de estresse percebido relacionado à COVID-19 nessa amostra de adultos colombianos. O estresse alto está relacionado à percepção de inconsistência entre as propostas das autoridades sanitárias e as recomendações científicas. São necessários mais estudos para tratar dos aspectos psicossociais das epidemias.