RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Plasma cell dyscrasias are characterized by a monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. Solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) is a local form of the disease with the vertebrae and long bones being the most frequently encountered sites. Its prevalence in the maxillofacial area is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old Caucasian male patient was referred for the extraction of his mobile premolar tooth with a poorly-defined radiolucent lesion. Histopathological analysis revealed an SBP and no distant lesion or serum M protein was noted on radiological and hematological examinations. The patient was under follow-up care with no recurrence at 2 years of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of an SBP is based on local radiological and neurological symptoms and similar systemic manifestations of multiple myeloma that are also distinctive for SBP. Skeletal radiological analysis including CT and PET-CT, bone marrow biopsy, and serum protein electrophoresis are essential for confirmation of the diagnosis. Although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, or a combination of these modalities, have been successfully used in the treatment of SBP, it should be managed in relation to its possible long-term evolution.