RESUMO
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of mucosal bacterial vaccines (MBV) in reducing the number of exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory disease. METHODS A prospective cohort study of patients followed at the Pneumology Unit of the University and Hospital Centre of Coimbra, with frequent infectious exacerbations (3 or more) despite the best therapeutic strategies employed. MBV was used as additional therapy. The number of exacerbations 1 year before therapy and 1 year after it were analyzed. RESULTS A sample of 11 individuals, 45.5% male, mean age 62.5 years. Eight patients had non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, 2 COPD (1 on long-term oxygen therapy), and 1 patient with Mounier Kuhn's syndrome. Three patients were on azithromycin, 1 on inhaled colistin, and 2 on inhaled tobramycin. Out of the 11 patients, one presented complication (fever), which led to a suspension of therapy (excluded from results). Of the 10 patients who completed treatment, 5 had bacterial colonization and were submitted to a custom vaccine. The remaining 6 completed the standard composition. The average of infectious exacerbations in the previous year was 4.3 (0.7 with hospitalization). In the year after therapy, the mean number was 1.5 (0.5 with hospitalization). CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study favor the use of bacterial immunostimulation to reduce the frequency of RRIs in patients with chronic respiratory disease.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bronquiectasia , Azitromicina , Vacinas Bacterianas , Colistina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Currently there has been significant growth in the number of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) referred to sleep clinics. In this sense, screening and stratification methods of the severity of this pathology have become increasingly relevant. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the NoSAS and STOP-Bang scores in the screening of OSA in a sleep clinic. METHODS: Prospectively, for 12 months, all patients referred by primary care physicians to our sleep unit for clinical evaluation and who underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG), also completed the NoSAS score (Neck circumference, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex) and STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, Pressure (high blood), BMI, Age, Neck circumference, Gender). A ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was used to find the scores that simultaneously maximize sensitivity and specificity for each diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 294 individuals included, 84% had OSA, of which 28.8% were mild, 34.8% moderate, and 36.4% were severe. USING THE NOSAS SCORE FOR PREDICTING OSA, MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA, AND SEVERE OSA, THE ROC AREA WAS: 0.770 (95% CI: 0.703-0.837), p<0.001, sensitivity of 57.5%, and specificity of 83.0% for a score of 12; 0.746 (95% CI: 0.691-0.802), p<0.001, sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 75.4% for a score of 13; 0.686 (95% CI: 0.622-0.749), p<0.001, sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 58.3% for a score of 13, respectively. USING THE STOP-BANG SCORE FOR PREDICTING OSA, MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA, AND SEVERE OSA, THE ROC AREA WAS: 0.862 (95% CI: 0.808-0.916), p<0.001, sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 85.1% for a score of 5; 0.813 (95% CI: 0.756-0.861), p<0.001, sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 66.1% for a score of 5; 0.787 (95% CI: 0.732-0.841), p<0.001, sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 79.9% for a score of 6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ROC area was consistently high for both scores confirming the diagnostic ability of the NoSAS and STOP-Bang questionnaires for all OSA severities. Thus, our results suggest that these questionnaires may be a powerful tool for the screening and stratification of patients in the diagnosis of OSA. Overall, the diagnostic ability of the STOP-Bang was higher than the NoSAS.
Assuntos
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Polissonografia , Ronco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Delírio/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Biópsia , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Endoscopia , Evolução Fatal , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of mucosal bacterial vaccines (MBV) in reducing the number of exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory disease. METHODS A prospective cohort study of patients followed at the Pneumology Unit of the University and Hospital Centre of Coimbra, with frequent infectious exacerbations (3 or more) despite the best therapeutic strategies employed. MBV was used as additional therapy. The number of exacerbations 1 year before therapy and 1 year after it were analyzed. RESULTS A sample of 11 individuals, 45.5% male, mean age 62.5 years. Eight patients had non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, 2 COPD (1 on long-term oxygen therapy), and 1 patient with Mounier Kuhn's syndrome. Three patients were on azithromycin, 1 on inhaled colistin, and 2 on inhaled tobramycin. Out of the 11 patients, one presented complication (fever), which led to a suspension of therapy (excluded from results). Of the 10 patients who completed treatment, 5 had bacterial colonization and were submitted to a custom vaccine. The remaining 6 completed the standard composition. The average of infectious exacerbations in the previous year was 4.3 (0.7 with hospitalization). In the year after therapy, the mean number was 1.5 (0.5 with hospitalization). CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study favor the use of bacterial immunostimulation to reduce the frequency of RRIs in patients with chronic respiratory disease.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficácia de vacinas bacterianas de mucosa (MBV) na redução do número de exacerbações de pacientes com doença respiratória crônica. MÉTODOS Um estudo de coorte prospectivo incluindo pacientes da Unidade de Pneumologia da Universidade e Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, com exacerbações infecciosas frequentes (3 ou mais), apesar do uso das melhores estratégias terapêuticas. MBVs foram usadas como terapia adicional. O número de exacerbações 1 ano antes da terapia e 1 ano após ela foram analisados. RESULTADOS Amostra incluiu 11 indivíduos, 45,5% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 62,5 anos. Oito pacientes apresentaram bronquiectasia não relacionada à fibrose cística, 2 DPOC (1 em oxigenoterapia prolongada) e 1 paciente com síndrome de Mounier-Kuhn. Três pacientes estavam sendo medicados com azitromicina, 1 com colistina inalada e 2 com tobramicina inalada. Dos 11 pacientes, um apresentou complicação (febre), o que levou à suspensão da terapia (excluído dos resultados). Dos 10 pacientes que completaram o tratamento, 5 apresentaram colonização bacteriana e receberam uma vacina personalizada. Os 6 restantes foram tratados com a composição padrão. A média de exacerbações infecciosas no ano anterior foi de 4,3 (0,7 com hospitalização). No ano após a terapia, o número médio foi de 1,5 (0,5 com hospitalização). CONCLUSÃO Os resultados obtidos neste estudo favorecem o uso de imunoestimulação bacteriana para reduzir a frequência de infecções respiratórias recorrentes em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bronquiectasia , Antibacterianos , Vacinas Bacterianas , Estudos Prospectivos , Colistina , Azitromicina , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Currently there has been significant growth in the number of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) referred to sleep clinics. In this sense, screening and stratification methods of the severity of this pathology have become increasingly relevant. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the NoSAS and STOP-Bang scores in the screening of OSA in a sleep clinic. METHODS: Prospectively, for 12 months, all patients referred by primary care physicians to our sleep unit for clinical evaluation and who underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG), also completed the NoSAS score (Neck circumference, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex) and STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, Pressure (high blood), BMI, Age, Neck circumference, Gender). A ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was used to find the scores that simultaneously maximize sensitivity and specificity for each diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 294 individuals included, 84% had OSA, of which 28.8% were mild, 34.8% moderate, and 36.4% were severe. USING THE NOSAS SCORE FOR PREDICTING OSA, MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA, AND SEVERE OSA, THE ROC AREA WAS: 0.770 (95% CI: 0.703-0.837), p<0.001, sensitivity of 57.5%, and specificity of 83.0% for a score of 12; 0.746 (95% CI: 0.691-0.802), p<0.001, sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 75.4% for a score of 13; 0.686 (95% CI: 0.622-0.749), p<0.001, sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 58.3% for a score of 13, respectively. USING THE STOP-BANG SCORE FOR PREDICTING OSA, MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA, AND SEVERE OSA, THE ROC AREA WAS: 0.862 (95% CI: 0.808-0.916), p<0.001, sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 85.1% for a score of 5; 0.813 (95% CI: 0.756-0.861), p<0.001, sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 66.1% for a score of 5; 0.787 (95% CI: 0.732-0.841), p<0.001, sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 79.9% for a score of 6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ROC area was consistently high for both scores confirming the diagnostic ability of the NoSAS and STOP-Bang questionnaires for all OSA severities. Thus, our results suggest that these questionnaires may be a powerful tool for the screening and stratification of patients in the diagnosis of OSA. Overall, the diagnostic ability of the STOP-Bang was higher than the NoSAS.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Na atualidade tem se verificado um crescimento significativo no número de doentes com suspeita de apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) referenciados para consulta do sono. Nesse sentido, instrumentos de rastreio e estratificação da gravidade dessa patologia têm se tornado cada vez mais relevantes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar o desempenho da escala NoSAS e Stop-Bang para o rastreio de AOS. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo durante 12 meses. Avaliados todos os doentes encaminhados aos cuidados de saúde primários do centro de medicina do sono que completaram o questionário NoSAS (Neck circumference, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex), Stop-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, Pressure [high blood], BMI, Age, Neck circumference, Gender) e foram submetidos a polissonografia. Utilizou-se uma análise ROC (receiver operating characteristic) para encontrar as pontuações que maximizam simultaneamente a sensibilidade e especificidade para cada diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Incluídos 294 indivíduos, 84% apresentavam AOS, sendo que em 28,8% a OAS era ligeira, 34,8% moderada e 36,4% grave. USANDO A ESCALA NOSAS PARA PREVISÃO DE AOS, AOS MODERADA A GRAVE E AOS GRAVE, A ÁREA ROC FOI: 0,770 (IC95%: 0,703-0,837), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 57,5% e especificidade de 83,0% para a pontuação 12); 0,746 (IC95%: 0,691- 0,802), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 68,2% e especificidade de 75,4% para a pontuação 13); 0,686 (IC95%: 0,622-0,749), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 71,1% e especificidade de 58,3% para a pontuação 13), respectivamente. USANDO A ESCALA STOP-BANG PARA A PREVISÃO DE AOS, AOS MODERADA A GRAVE E AOS GRAVE, A ÁREA ROC FOI: 0,862 (IC95%: 0,808-0,916), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 68,4% e especificidade de 85,1% para pontuação 5); 0,813 (IC95%: 0,756-0,861), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 77,3% e especificidade de 66,1% para a pontuação 5); 0,787 (IC95%: 0,732-0,841), p<0,001, sensibilidade de 70,0% e especificidade de 79,9% para a pontuação 6), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A área ROC foi consistentemente alta para as duas escalas, confirmando a capacidade diagnóstica dos questionários NoSAS e Stop-Bang para todos os graus de gravidade de AOS. Assim, os nossos resultados sugerem que esses questionários podem ser um importante instrumento para rastreio e estratificação de doentes no diagnóstico de AOS. Globalmente, a capacidade de diagnóstico do Stop-Bang foi superior à do NoSAS.