Age and risk-taking in French naval crew.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of age in French naval crew on risk-proneness. We tested 130 male navy personnel, age range 19-41 yr, with EVAR, a visual analog scale designed to rate risk-proneness and composed of 24 items distributed among 5 factors: "self control," "danger-seeking" "energy," "impulsiveness," and "invincibility." We observed a significant negative correlation between "energy" and age, whereas the other factors were not influenced by age. Risk-proneness change is limited and should not be a safety issue in the decision-making process if the age of navy crews is going to increase moderately.

Cooperativity length scale in nanocomposites: interfacial and confinement effects.

Interfacial and confinement effects on the evolution of cooperativity on approaching the glass transition have been studied in poly(propylenecoethylene) functionalized with diethylmaleate, polyethylene 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol and their nanocomposites with montmorillonite. A small increase of the structural dynamic cooperativity, a weak alteration of the temperature dependence of the characteristic relaxation frequency, and no changes in the glass transition temperature observed in poly(propylenecoethylene)-based samples can be rationalized in terms of interfacial interactions between polymer and exfoliated clay. On the other hand, confinement of polymer chains in the galleries of clay (intercalated nanocomposite) produces a strong reduction of cooperativity, of the temperature dependence of the characteristic relaxation frequency, and of the glass transition temperature in polyethylene 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol samples. Finally, by investigating the temperature dependence of a generalized fragility and of cooperativity, we evidenced that fragility of glass formers is determined not only by cooperativity.

Temperature dependence of the characteristic length scale for glassy dynamics: combination of dielectric and specific heat spectroscopy.

The temperature dependence of characteristic length scales associated to the glass transition such as the cooperativity length scale introduced by Adam and Gibbs [cooperative rearranging region (CRR)] or the dynamic heterogeneity as estimated from the four point correlation function chi4, is at the center of large interests. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry allow to study the CRR size temperature dependence in the temperature range of ergodicity loss for glass-forming liquids, starting from the onset of cooperativity in the crossover region down to the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the correlation between these two techniques allows to explore a large frequency range (from 1 mHz to 10 MHz). The goal of this work is to follow the cooperativity evolution along the Arrhenius plot for two different polymeric systems: poly(ethylene 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol) and poly(bisphenol A carbonate).