Conventional versus locked plates for hip dislocation in cerebral palsy: a matched cohort analysis.

PURPOSE: Bone quality of non-ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is a matter of concern for proximal femoral varus derotational osteotomies (VDRO). Locking plates (LCP) have been designed to compensate this biological downfall. Little data exist comparing the LCP with the conventional femoral blade plate. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 32 patients submitted to VDRO (40 hips), operated with blade plates or LCP. Groups were matched, and the minimal follow-up was 36 months. Clinical (age at surgery, sex, GMFCS class, CP patterns) and radiological characteristics (neck shaft angle [NSA], acetabular index [AI], Reimers migration index [MP] and time until bone healing), as well as postoperative complications and the cost of treatment, were evaluated. RESULTS: Preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic measurements were comparable, except for a higher AI in the BP group (p < 0.01). Mean follow-up was longer in the LCP group (57.35 vs 34.6 months). Mean NSA, AI and MP had comparable correction with surgery (p < 0.01). At final follow-up, dislocation recurrence speed was higher in BP group although not statistically significant (0.56% vs 0.35%/month; p = 0.29). The complication rate was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Finally, the cost of the treatment was 62% higher in the LCP group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our cohorts showed LCP or BP equivalence clinically and radiographically in mid-term follow-up, with the former increasing the cost of treatment by a mean of 62%. This may raise a question on the real necessity of locked implants for these operations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-Retrospective comparative study.

Amentadione from the Alga Cystoseira usneoides as a Novel Osteoarthritis Protective Agent in an Ex Vivo Co-Culture OA Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a prevalent chronic disease without effective prevention and treatment. Amentadione (YP), a meroditerpenoid purified from the alga Cystoseira usneoides, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated the YP anti-osteoarthritic potential, by using a novel OA preclinical drug development pipeline designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-mineralizing activities of potential OA-protective compounds. The workflow was based on in vitro primary cell cultures followed by human cartilage explants assays and a new OA co-culture model, combining cartilage explants with synoviocytes under interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) or hydroxyapatite (HAP) stimulation. A combination of gene expression analysis and measurement of inflammatory mediators showed that the proposed model mimicked early disease stages, while YP counteracted inflammatory responses by downregulation of COX-2 and IL-6, improved cartilage homeostasis by downregulation of MMP3 and the chondrocytes hypertrophic differentiation factors Col10 and Runx2. Importantly, YP downregulated NF-κB gene expression and decreased phosphorylated IkBα/total IkBα ratio in chondrocytes. These results indicate the co-culture as a relevant pre-clinical OA model, and strongly suggest YP as a cartilage protective factor by inhibiting inflammatory, mineralizing, catabolic and differentiation processes during OA development, through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways, with high therapeutic potential.

Patient-specific instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: simpler, faster and more accurate than standard instrumentation-a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) to standard instrumentation regarding efficacy to achieve a good coronal alignment and differences in surgical time, blood loss and length of stay. METHODS: Ninety-five of 100 randomized patients eligible for total knee arthroplasty were analysed. PSI with magnetic resonance and long-leg radiograph was performed in 47 patients, while 48 patients received standard instrumentation. Primary outcome measure was coronal alignment, evaluated with long-leg radiograph. Deviation >3° varus/valgus was considered an outlier. Surgical time was compared from skin to skin. Length of stay was a post hoc analysis. Blood loss was evaluated comparing the number of blood units spent, fall in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. RESULTS: Standard instrumentation had a higher number of outliers in the coronal alignment with a relative risk of 3.015, compared to PSI. Surgical time was reduced by 18 min (24.8 %) with the PSI, as well as length of stay, with a half-day reduction. Number of blood units spent was significantly less in the PSI group. Relative risk of transfusion was 7.09 for patients in the standard instrumentation group. Difference in Hg and Htc levels were not significant. No patient had to abandon PSI. Minor changes to preoperative plan occurred in 14.9 % of the patient: cut review in 4.3 % and insert change in 10.6 %. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) is able to provide important advantages over standard instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: it lowers the risk of outliers and transfusion, is a faster procedure and enables a shorter length of stay with a low rate of intraoperative adjustments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

Benefits of Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis in Function of Instrumentation, BMI, and Gender.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that reduces blood loss in patients that undergo Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Few studies compare its effect on conventional instrumentation (CI) versus patient-specific instrumentation (PSI). The main objective of this study was to understand analytically how TXA usage in both instrumentations influenced blood loss in TKA differently and see if the differences seen could be explained by the patient's body mass index (BMI) and gender. This nonrandomized retrospective study sample consisted of 688 TKA procedures performed on patients who had symptomatic arthrosis resistant to conservative treatment. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate blood loss using hemoglobin (Hb) mean values and mean variation (%). The Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) method was applied to understand how the independent variables affected the dependent variable. Comparing patients submitted to the same instrumentation, where some received TXA and others did not, patients that received TXA had lower blood loss. Comparing patients who underwent TKA with different instrumentations and without the use of TXA, it was found that patients who underwent TKA with PSI had lower blood loss than those who underwent TKA with CI. However, when these same instruments were compared again, but associated with the use of TXA, the opposite was true with patients undergoing TKA with PSI showing greater blood loss than patients undergoing TKA with CI. TXA usage in TKA is significantly beneficial in minimizing blood loss and regardless of instrumentation. When using TXA, the lowest blood loss was obtained in patients with higher BMI and submitted to TKA with CI. This is most likely explained by the synergistic antifibrotic effect of TXA with adipokines, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), found in the femoral bone marrow which is perforated using CI. If, however, TXA wasn't used, the lowest blood loss was obtained in patients submitted to TKA with PSI.

Modified Dunn Technique for Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Midterm Single Center Experience.

Objective To evaluate the safety and reproducibility of the surgery for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) through the modified Dunn technique in a single center cohort from Brazil. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients submitted to this procedure by a single surgeon who was a hip preservation specialist. Demographic data and radiographic angles were evaluated for the relative risk (RR) of avascular necrosis (AVN) using a log-binomial regression model with simple and random effects. Results Among the 30 patients (30 hips) with a mean age of 11.79 years at the time of the operation, there were 17 boys and 18 left hips, which were operated on in a mean of 11.5 days after the slip. The mean follow-up was of 38 months. The preoperative Southwick angle averaged 60.69° against 4.52° postoperatively ( p < 0.001). A larger preoperative slip angle was associated with the development of AVN (RR: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02-1.07; p < 0.01). The overall AVN rate was of 26.7%. Function was good or excellent in 86% of uncomplicated hips, and poor in 87.5% of the partients who developed AVN, as graded by the Harris Hip Score. There was no statistical relationship between epiphyseal bleeding and AVN development ( p = 0.82). Conclusion The modified Dunn technique is associated with restoration of the femoral alignment and function after unstable SCFE, when uncomplicated. Moreover, it was shown to be reproducible in our population, with a rate of 26% of femoral head necrosis.

Studies on the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from transmission areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in state of Acre, Brazil.

Studies were undertaken on the phlebotomines in the municipalities of Bujari, Xapuri and Rio Branco in the state of Acre. The abundance of species on the ground and in the tree canopy was estimated by Standardized Index of Species Abundance. Of the 52 species identified, Lutzomyia (N.) antunesi, Lutzomyia (N.) whitmani, Lutzomyia (P.) davisi, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia (N.) umbratilis, Lutzomyia (N.) flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia (T.) ubiqui-talis, Lutzomyia (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, Lutzomyia (P.) paraensis and Lutzomyia (P.) ayrozai are known to be vectors of Leishmania, the causative agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lutzomyia (T.) auraensis, Lu. (N.) antunesi, Lu. (N.) whitmani and Lu. (P.) davisi accounted for 66.95% of the specimens collected. Lu. (N.) whitmani was the most abundant species, followed by Lu. (N.) antunesi and Lu. (P.) davisi. Lu. (N.) antunesi was the most abundant species in the soil as well as in the canopy. Lu. (N.) umbratilis occurred in all three municipalities and was the fifth most abundant species in the Chico Mendes Municipal Park in Rio Branco. It was collected on both the ground level as well as in the canopy; however, it was more frequently collected in the tree canopy. The present study suggests the existence of three transmission cycles of Leishmania in Acre, including the transmission of Leishmania (V.) guyanensis by Lu. (N.) umbratilis south of the Amazon River.

The use of pediatric locked plates in the paralytic hip: preliminary results of 61 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of proximal femoral varus derotational and shortening osteotomy (OVRF) (Port., doesn't match name) with the use of a locked plate in patients with cerebral palsy, classified by the gross motor functional classification system as class IV or V. METHODS: A retrospective study of 42 patients (61 hips) with cerebral palsy, gross motor functional classification system class IV or V, submitted to OVRF. The minimal follow up was 24 months. This study evaluated clinical (age at surgery, gender, Gross Motor Functional Classification System class, anatomical cerebral palsy classification, and motor pattern), pre- and post-operative radiological (neck shaft angle, acetabular index, Reimers migration index and time until bone healing) characteristics, as well as post-operative complications. RESULTS: Mean pre-operative cervicodiaphyseal angle, acetabular index, and Reimers migration index were respectively 121.6°, 22.7°, and 65.4% in uncomplicated cases, and 154.7°, 20.4°, and 81.1% in complicated ones. All parameters were statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative values (p < 0.05). The patients with postoperative complications had a greater cervicodiaphyseal angle and Reimers migration index (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical characteristics, time of immobilization, or bone healing. Fourteen patients had postoperative complications (33.3%), but only six required surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The locked plate is a safe resource, with low complication rates and reproducible technique for OVRF in the cerebral palsy population classified as gross motor functional classification system IV and V. Greater cervicodiaphyseal angles and Reimers migration index are associated with greater chances of postoperative complications, as well as gross motor functional classification system V classification.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos da osteotomia varizante, de rotação e encurtamento da extremidade proximal do fêmur (OVRF) com uso de placa bloqueada em pacientes com paralisia cerebral classificados pela escala Gross Motor Functional Classification System como IV e V. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 42 pacientes (61 quadris) com paralisia cerebral, Gross Motor Functional Classification System IV e V, submetidos a OVRF. O seguimento mínimo pós-operatório foi de 24 meses. Foram avaliadas as características clínicas (idade na data da cirurgia, sexo, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, classificação geográfica da paralisia cerebral, padrão de acometimento motor), radiológicas pré e pós-operatórias (ângulo cérvico-diafisário [ACD], índice acetabular [IA], índice de Reimers [MP] e tempo até a consolidação radiológica) e complicações pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: O ângulo cérvico-diafisário, índice acetabular e o índice de Reimers médios pré-operatórios foram respectivamente de 121,6 o, 22,7 o e 65,4% nos casos não complicados, vs. 154,7 o, 20,4 o e 81,1% nos que evoluíram com complicações pós-operatórias. Todos os parâmetros apresentaram diferença significativa entre os valores pré e pós-operatórios (p < 0,05). O ângulo cérvico-diafisário e o índice de Reimers foram maiores no grupo com complicações (p < 0,0001). Não houve diferenças nas características clínicas, no tempo de imobilização ou consolidação, exceto em relação ao grau Gross Motor Functional Classification System V (p < 0,0001). Foram observadas complicações pós-operatórias em 14 pacientes (33,3%). Desses, somente seis necessitaram reintervenção cirúrgica. CONCLUSÃO: A placa bloqueada é um recurso seguro, com baixa taxa de complicações cirúrgicas e de técnica reprodutível para a OVRF na paralisia cerebral Gross Motor Functional Classification System IV e V. Maiores ângulos cérvico-diafisário, índices de Reimers e graus de Gross Motor Functional Classification System V estão ligados a maiores chances de complicações pós-operatórias.

Modified Dunn Technique for Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Midterm Single Center Experience / Técnica de Dunn modificada no escorregamento da epífise femoral proximal com instabilidade: Experiência unicêntrica de médio prazo

Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and reproducibility of the surgery for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) through the modified Dunn technique in a single center cohort from Brazil. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients submitted to this procedure by a single surgeon who was a hip preservation specialist. Demographic data and radiographic angles were evaluated for the relative risk (RR) of avascular necrosis (AVN) using a log-binomial regression model with simple and random effects. Results Among the 30 patients (30 hips) with a mean age of 11.79 years at the time of the operation, there were 17 boys and 18 left hips, which were operated on in a mean of 11.5 days after the slip. The mean follow-up was of 38 months. The preoperative Southwick angle averaged 60.69° against 4.52° postoperatively (p< 0.001). A larger preoperative slip angle was associated with the development of AVN (RR: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02-1.07; p< 0.01). The overall AVN rate was of 26.7%. Function was good or excellent in 86% of uncomplicated hips, and poor in 87.5% of the partients who developed AVN, as graded by the Harris Hip Score. There was no statistical relationship between epiphyseal bleeding and AVN development (p= 0.82). Conclusion The modified Dunn technique is associated with restoration of the femoral alignment and function after unstable SCFE, when uncomplicated. Moreover, it was shown to be reproducible in our population, with a rate of 26% of femoral head necrosis.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a segurança e a reprodutibilidade da cirurgia para escorregamento da epífise femoral proximal (EEPF) com instabilidade por meio da técnica de Dunn modificada em uma coorte unicêntrica no Brasil. Métodos Analisamos de forma retrospectiva uma coorte de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento por um único cirurgião especialista em preservação do quadril. Avaliamos os dados demográficos e os ângulos radiográficos quanto ao risco relativo (RR) de necrose avascular (NAV) por meio do modelo de regressão log-binomial com efeitos simples e aleatórios. Resultados Entre os 30 pacientes (30 quadris) com idade média de 11,79 anos no momento da cirurgia, havia 17 meninos e 18 quadris esquerdos. O procedimento ocorreu em média 11,5 dias após o escorregamento. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 38 meses. O ângulo de Southwick pré-operatório foi, em média, de 60,69° contra 4,52° após o procedimento (p< 0,001). O maior ângulo de escorregamento pré-operatório foi associado ao desenvolvimento de NAV (RR: 1,05; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,02-1,07; p< 0,01). A frequência geral de NAV foi de 26,7%. De acordo com a Escala de Quadril de Harris (Harris Hip Score), a função foi boa ou excelente em 86% dos quadris sem complicações, e ruim em 87,5% dos casos com NAV. Não houve relação estatística entre sangramento epifisário e desenvolvimento de NAV (p= 0,82). Conclusão A técnica de Dunn modificada restaura o alinhamento femoral e a função articular após o EEPF com instabilidade na ausência de complicações. Além disso, mostrou-se passível de reprodução em nossa população, com frequência de necrose da cabeça femoral de 26%.

Sacroiliac secure corridor: analysis for safe insertion of iliosacral screws.

OBJECTIVE: Posterior pelvic lesions, especially of the sacral-iliac joint, have high mortality and morbidity risks. Definitive fixation is necessary for the joint stabilization, and one option is the sacral percutaneous pinning with screws. Proximity to important structures to this region brings risks to the fixation procedure; therefore, it is important to know the tridimensional anatomy of the pelvis posterior region. Deviations of the surgeon's hand of four degrees may target the screws to those structures; dimorphisms of the upper sacrum and a poor lesion reduction may redound in a screw malpositioning. This study is aimed to evaluate the dimensions of a safe surgical corridor for safe sacroiliac screw insertion and relations with age and sex of the patients. METHOD: One hundred randomly selected pelvis CTs of patients with no pelvic diseases, seen at a tertiary care teaching Hospital. Measurements were made by computer and the safest area for screw insertion was calculated by two methods. The results were expressed in mm (not in degrees), in order to be a further surgical reference. RESULTS: There was a significant size difference in the analyzed sacral vertebra, differing on a wider size in men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between vertebral size and age. By both methods, a safe area for screw insertion could be defined. CONCLUSION: Age does not influence the width of the surgical corridor. The surgeon has a safe corridor considered narrower when inserting screws in a female pelvis than when in a male one. However, as the smallest vertebra found (feminine) was considered for statics, it was concluded that this corridor is 20 mm wide in any direction, taking as a reference the centrum of the vertebra.

OBJETIVO: Lesões pélvicas posteriores, especialmente da articulação sacro-ilíaca, têm alta mortalidade e morbidade. Fixação definitiva é necessária para estabilização, parafusos percutâneos são uma opção no sacro. Estruturas nobres próximas à região trazem riscos à fixação. Assim, é importante conhecer a anatomia tridimensional da região posterior da pelve. Desvios da mão do cirurgião da ordem de 4° podem direcionar os parafusos àquelas estruturas; dismorfismos do sacro superior e redução ruim da lesão podem contribuir para mau posicionamento dos parafusos. Este estudo objetiva avaliar as dimensões do corredor de segurança para inserção segura de parafuso iliossacral e relações com sexo e idade dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Selecionadas randomicamente 100 tomografias computadorizadas de pelve de pacientes sem doenças pélvicas, atendidos em hospital terciário de ensino. Feitas medições por computador, calculada por dois métodos a área mais segura para inserção de parafusos, resultado expresso em mm (não em graus), para ser mais uma referência cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa no tamanho da vértebra sacral analisada, que tem volume maior em homens do que em mulheres. Não houve significância estatística entre tamanho vertebral e idade. Encontrou-se pelos dois métodos área segura para inserção de parafusos. CONCLUSÕES: A idade não influencia o tamanho do corredor. O cirurgião tem um corredor de segurança considerado menor ao inserir parafusos em uma pelve feminina do que masculina. Porém, como foi considerada para estatística a menor vértebra encontrada (feminina), concluiu-se que esse corredor é de 20 mm em qualquer direção, a tomar-se como referência o centro vertebral.

The use of pediatric locked plates in the paralytic hip: preliminary results of 61 cases / O uso de placas bloqueadas pediátricas no quadril paralítico: resultados preliminares de 61 casos

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of proximal femoral varus derotational and shortening osteotomy (OVRF) (Port., doesn't match name) with the use of a locked plate in patients with cerebral palsy, classified by the gross motor functional classification system as class IV or V. Methods: A retrospective study of 42 patients (61 hips) with cereFbral palsy, gross motor functional classification system class IV or V, submitted to OVRF. The minimal follow up was 24 months. This study evaluated clinical (age at surgery, gender, Gross Motor Functional Classification System class, anatomical cerebral palsy classification, and motor pattern), pre- and post-operative radiological (neck shaft angle, acetabular index, Reimers migration index and time until bone healing) characteristics, as well as post-operative complications. Results: Mean pre-operative cervicodiaphyseal angle, acetabular index, and Reimers migration index were respectively 121.6°, 22.7°, and 65.4% in uncomplicated cases, and 154.7°, 20.4°, and 81.1% in complicated ones. All parameters were statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative values (p < 0.05). The patients with postoperative complications had a greater cervicodiaphyseal angle and Reimers migration index (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical characteristics, time of immobilization, or bone healing. Fourteen patients had postoperative complications (33.3%), but only six required surgical treatment. Conclusion: The locked plate is a safe resource, with low complication rates and reproducible technique for OVRF in the cerebral palsy population classified as gross motor functional classification system IV and V. Greater cervicodiaphyseal angles and Reimers migration index are associated with greater chances of postoperative complications, as well as gross motor functional classification system V classification.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos da osteotomia varizante, de rotação e encurtamento da extremidade proximal do fêmur (OVRF) com uso de placa bloqueada em pacientes com paralisia cerebral classificados pela escala Gross Motor Functional Classification System como IV e V. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 42 pacientes (61 quadris) com paralisia cerebral, Gross Motor Functional Classification System IV e V, submetidos a OVRF. O seguimento mínimo pós-operatório foi de 24 meses. Foram avaliadas as características clínicas (idade na data da cirurgia, sexo, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, classificação geográfica da paralisia cerebral, padrão de acometimento motor), radiológicas pré e pós-operatórias (ângulo cérvico-diafisário, índice acetabular, índice de Reimers e tempo até a consolidação radiológica) e complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: O ângulo cérvico-diafisário, índice acetabular e o índice de Reimers médios pré-operatórios foram respectivamente de 121,6 º, 22,7 º e 65,4% nos casos não complicados, vs. 154,7 º, 20,4 º e 81,1% nos que evoluíram com complicações pós-operatórias. Todos os parâmetros apresentaram diferença significativa entre os valores pré e pós-operatórios (p < 0,05). O ângulo cérvico-diafisário e o índice de Reimers foram maiores no grupo com complicações (p < 0,0001). Não houve diferenças nas características clínicas, no tempo de imobilização ou consolidação, exceto em relação ao grau Gross Motor Functional Classification System V (p < 0,0001). Foram observadas complicações pós-operatórias em 14 pacientes (33,3%). Desses, somente seis necessitaram reintervenção cirúrgica. Conclusão: A placa bloqueada é um recurso seguro, com baixa taxa de complicações cirúrgicas e de técnica reprodutível para a OVRF na paralisia cerebral Gross Motor Functional Classification System IV e V. Maiores ângulos cérvico-diafisário, índices de Reimers e graus de Gross Motor Functional Classification System V estão ligados a maiores chances de complicações pós-operatórias.

Sacroiliac secure corridor: analysis for safe insertion of iliosacral screws / Corredor de seguranca sacro-iliaco: analise para insercao segura de parafusos iliossacrais

OBJECTIVE: Posterior pelvic lesions, especially of the sacral-iliac joint, have high mortality and morbidity risks. Definitive fixation is necessary for the joint stabilization, and one option is the sacral percutaneous pinning with screws. Proximity to important structures to this region brings risks to the fixation procedure; therefore, it is important to know the tridimensional anatomy of the pelvis posterior region. Deviations of the surgeon's hand of four degrees may target the screws to those structures; dimorphisms of the upper sacrum and a poor lesion reduction may redound in a screw malpositioning. This study is aimed to evaluate the dimensions of a safe surgical corridor for safe sacroiliac screw insertion and relations with age and sex of the patients. METHOD: One hundred randomly selected pelvis CTs of patients with no pelvic diseases, seen at a tertiary care teaching Hospital. Measurements were made by computer and the safest area for screw insertion was calculated by two methods. The results were expressed in mm (not in degrees), in order to be a further surgical reference. RESULTS: There was a significant size difference in the analyzed sacral vertebra, differing on a wider size in men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between vertebral size and age. By both methods, a safe area for screw insertion could be defined. CONCLUSION: Age does not influence the width of the surgical corridor. The surgeon has a safe corridor considered narrower when inserting screws in a female pelvis than when in a male one. However, as the smallest vertebra found (feminine) was considered for statics, it was concluded that this corridor is 20 mm wide in any direction, taking as a reference the centrum of the vertebra. .

OBJETIVO: Lesões pélvicas posteriores, especialmente da articulação sacro-ilíaca, têm alta mortalidade e morbidade. Fixação definitiva é necessária para estabilização, parafusos percutâneos são uma opção no sacro. Estruturas nobres próximas à região trazem riscos à fixação. Assim, é importante conhecer a anatomia tridimensional da região posterior da pelve. Desvios da mão do cirurgião da ordem de 4º podem direcionar os parafusos àquelas estruturas; dismorfismos do sacro superior e redução ruim da lesão podem contribuir para mau posicionamento dos parafusos. Este estudo objetiva avaliar as dimensões do corredor de segurança para inserção segura de parafuso iliossacral e relações com sexo e idade dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Selecionadas randomicamente 100 tomografias computadorizadas de pelve de pacientes sem doenças pélvicas, atendidos em hospital terciário de ensino. Feitas medições por computador, calculada por dois métodos a área mais segura para inserção de parafusos, resultado expresso em mm (não em graus), para ser mais uma referência cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa no tamanho da vértebra sacral analisada, que tem volume maior em homens do que em mulheres. Não houve significância estatística entre tamanho vertebral e idade. Encontrou-se pelos dois métodos área segura para inserção de parafusos. Conclusões: A idade não influencia o tamanho do corredor. O cirurgião tem um corredor de segurança considerado menor ao inserir parafusos em uma pelve feminina do que masculina. Porém, como foi considerada para estatística a menor vértebra encontrada (feminina), concluiu-se que esse corredor ...

Studies on the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from transmission areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in state of Acre, Brazil

Studies were undertaken on the phlebotomines in the municipalities of Bujari, Xapuri and Rio Branco in the state of Acre. The abundance of species on the ground and in the tree canopy was estimated by Standardized Index of Species Abundance. Of the 52 species identified, Lutzomyia (N.) antunesi, Lutzomyia (N.) whitmani, Lutzomyia (P.) davisi, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia (N.) umbratilis, Lutzomyia (N.) flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia (T.) ubiqui-talis, Lutzomyia (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, Lutzomyia (P.) paraensis and Lutzomyia (P.) ayrozai are known to be vectors of Leishmania, the causative agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lutzomyia (T.) auraensis, Lu. (N.) antunesi, Lu. (N.) whitmani and Lu. (P.) davisi accounted for 66.95 percent of the specimens collected. Lu. (N.) whitmani was the most abundant species, followed by Lu. (N.) antunesi and Lu. (P.) davisi. Lu. (N.) antunesi was the most abundant species in the soil as well as in the canopy. Lu. (N.) umbratilis occurred in all three municipalities and was the fifth most abundant species in the Chico Mendes Municipal Park in Rio Branco. It was collected on both the ground level as well as in the canopy; however, it was more frequently collected in the tree canopy. The present study suggests the existence of three transmission cycles of Leishmania in Acre, including the transmission of Leishmania (V.) guyanensis by Lu. (N.) umbratilis south of the Amazon River.

Estudo experimental dos efeitos da heparina de baixo peso molecular (Enoxaparina) na formacao de calo ósseo em fêmures de ratos / The effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (Enoxaparin) on bony callus formation in rats' femurs - an experimental study

O tromboembolismo venoso é uma complicacao grave que pode ocorrer após fraturas. O tratamento anticoagulante mais utilizado é com a heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM). Existem estudos que mostram que essa droga pode interferir no metabolismo ósseo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da HBPM no processo de formacao de calo ósseo, realizamos um estudo experimental em ratos. A amostra constituiu-se de 22 ratos de linhagem Wistar, machos, que foram submetidos à fratura diafisária de seus fêmures direitos. Foram divididos em dois grupos de 11. No grupo controle, os animais recebiam soro fisiológico e no grupo de estudo, recebiam HBPM, enoxaparina, diariamente, por 28 dias. Após este período os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia e os fêmures foram avaliados. No estudo macroscópico foi constatada consolidacao em 11 animais (100 por cento) que nao receberam enoxaparina, e, em dez animais (90,9 por cento) que receberam a droga em estudo. No estudo histológico foi constatada a formacao de calo ósseo em todos os fêmures. Concluiu-se neste experimento que a enoxaparina nao altera o processo de consolidacao óssea em fêmures de ratos Wistar.

Dupla Osteotomia Para a Correção da Deformidade Tardia na Doença de Blount Infantil

Nosso estudo é retrospectivo, aprovado pela Comissão de Ética do Hospital e inclui cinco pacientes, sendo 2 com envolvimento bilateral, com idade média de 10 anos(8 a 12), todos do sexo feminino