Association of TP53 codon 72 and intron 3 16-bp Ins/Del polymorphisms with cervical cancer risk.

Cervical cancer incidence has grown worldwide, with it being a more significant problem in developing countries. Invasive squamous cell cervical cancers are preceded by a long phase of preinvasive disease, known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cervical cancer can develop when the virus takes advantage of any TP53 gene dysfunction of the host organism. TP53 is responsible for encoding the tumor suppressor p53 phosphoprotein, which helps preserve genome integrity. Currently, many studies have focused on genetic polymorphisms as an important contribution to cancer susceptibility, but few related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Thus, the present study aimed to see whether patients with suspected CIN had TP53 gene polymorphisms that might have contributed to the development of neoplasia. This study included 133 women who were referred to the Cervical Pathology Clinic of the Maternity School Assis Chateaubriand MEAC for suspected cervical lesions. Polymorphism genotyping was carried out by the PCR-RFLP technique using DNA extracted from patients' blood. The most frequent genotype in both CIN(+) and CIN(-) patients was Arg/Pro TP53 codon 72 and A1A1 for 16-bp Del in intron 3. No risk of cervical cancer was found for the polymorphisms studied. However, a significant association was found when the two polymorphisms were combined: patients with the A1A1/ArgPro genotype were statistically more frequent in the CIN(-) group (p = 0.042), while A2A2-A1A2/ProArg was significantly more frequent in the CIN(+) group. The results of our study suggest that combined analysis of TP53 polymorphisms Arg72Pro and 16-bp Ins/Del may help to monitor the development of CIN in Brazilian women.

Emerging Zooanthroponotic Risks: Detection of the Human Norovirus GII.4_Sydney[P31] strain in a Domestic Dog in Brazil.

Recent increases in zoonotic diseases underscore the integration of companion animals into urban environments, posing complex transmission risks and highlighting the necessity of One Health approaches. Respiratory and enteric viruses have been consistently linked to interspecies transmission between humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the circulation of human noroviruses (NoV), adenoviruses (HAdV), enteroviruses (EV), parechoviruses (PeV-A), bocaviruses (HBoV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E viruses (HEV), Influenza A and B viruses (Flu A/B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats in Brazil to understand potential zooanthroponosis risks. Between 2012 and 2021, 600 fecal samples from dogs and cats (516 and 84, respectively) were collected at small animal clinics in São Paulo state, Brazil. The specimens underwent in-house qPCR screening for HBoV and HAdV, while EV, PeV-A, NoV, and HEV were tested using in-house RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2, Flu A/B, and RSV were investigated with a commercial RT-qPCR kit assay. HAV detection utilized conventional nested (RT)-PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. NoV was detected in 0.2% (1/600) of the animals, while all other investigated viruses tested negative. The NoV-positive sample, collected in 2012 from a pet dog, was identified as genotype GII.4_Sydney[P31]. The Dog/BRA/2012/GII.4_Sydney[P31]/IAL-M21 strain exhibited a close genetic relationship to Brazilian human and environmental NoV GII.4_Sydney[P31] strains, with 98.1-99.2% nucleotide similarity in ORF1 and 99.2-99.6% in ORF2 sequences, suggesting interspecies transmission. Pet dogs are frequently exposed to human fecal-borne viruses, highlighting the potential for zooanthroponotic transmission due to their close interaction with humans in shared environments. There is an urgent need to enhance surveillance studies in companion animals to better understand the implications of detecting human NoV strains in pets, as NoV could potentially act as a reverse zoonotic disease in households, animal hospitals, or shelters worldwide.

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen associated with relevant public health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate HEV presence in free-living capybaras inhabiting urban parks in São Paulo state, Brazil. Molecular characterization of HEV positive samples was undertaken to elucidate the genetic diversity of the virus in these animals. A total of 337 fecal samples were screened for HEV using RT-qPCR and further confirmed by conventional nested RT-PCR. HEV genotype and subtype were determined using Sanger and next-generation sequencing. HEV was detected in one specimen (0.3%) and assigned as HEV-3f. The IAL-HEV_921 HEV-3f strain showed a close relationship to European swine, wild boar and human strains (90.7-93.2% nt), suggesting an interspecies transmission. Molecular epidemiology of HEV is poorly investigated in Brazil; subtype 3f has been reported in swine. This is the first report of HEV detected in capybara stool samples worldwide.

Lack of molecular evidence of fecal-borne viruses in capybaras from São Paulo state, Brazil, 2018-2020: a minor public health issue.

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the world's largest rodent species distributed throughout South America. These animals are incredibly tolerant to anthropogenic environments and are occupying large urban centers. Capybaras are known to carry potentially zoonotic agents, including R. rickettsia, Leishmania spp., Leptospira spp., Trypanosoma spp., Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and rabies virus. Focusing on the importance of monitoring potential sources of emerging zoonotic viruses and new viral reservoirs, the aim of the present study was to assess the presence of fecal-borne viruses in the feces of capybaras living in urban parks in São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 337 fecal samples were collected between 2018 and 2020 and screened for the following: (i) Rotavirus group A (RVA) by ELISA; (ii) non-RVA species and Picobirnavirus (PBV) using PAGE; (iii) Human Bocaparvovirus (HBoV), Bufavirus (BuV), Tusavirus (TuV), and Cutavirus (CuV) qPCR; (iv) Human Enterovirus (EV), Norovirus GII (NoV), and Hantavirus by in houses RT-qPCR; (v) SARS-CoV-2 via commercial RT-qPCR kit assay; and (vi) Astrovirus (AstV) and Adenovirus (AdV) using conventional nested (RT)-PCRs. All fecal samples tested were negative for fecal-borne viruses. This study adds further evidence that the fecal-borne viruses is a minor public health issue in Brazilian capybaras, at least during the surveillance period and surveyed areas. Continuous monitoring of sylvatic animals is essential to prevent and control the emergence or re-emergence of newly discovered virus as well as viruses with known zoonotic potential.

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder.

AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients presenting with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a random and placebo-controlled research design. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients, divided into an experimental group (G1) and a placebo group (G2). The treatment was done with an infrared laser (830nm, 500mW, 20s, 4J/point) at the painful points, once a week for four consecutive weeks. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Craniomandibular Index (CMI). RESULTS: The baseline and posttherapy values of VAS and CMI were compared by the paired T-test, separately for the placebo and laser groups. A significant difference was observed between initial and final values (p < 0.05) in both groups. Baseline and post-therapy values of pain and CMI were compared in the therapy groups by the two-sample T-test, yet no significant differences were observed regarding VAS and CMI (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: After either placebo or laser therapy, pain and temporomandibular symptoms were significantly lower, although there was no significant difference between groups. The low-level laser therapy was not effective in the treatment of TMD, when compared to the placebo.

A new look at osteomyelitis development--focus on CCR5delta32. Study in patients from Northeast Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: CCR5 receptor exerts an important role in the host immune response. Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process and Staphylococcus aureus is the principal causative agent of this bone injury complication. A deletion of 32bp (CCR5Δ32) in the CCR5 gene seems to protect against HIV-1, S.aureus and other infections. However, the CCR5Δ32 allele has been associated with an increased risk for other diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of CCR5 and to gather data about the relationship of the CCR5Δ32 mutation and the risk of developing osteomyelitis as a complication in patients with bone traumas. METHODS: In a study of 153 patients with bone traumas the presence of the CCRΔ32 mutation was determined by PCR. RESULTS: In this study, the CCR5Δ32 allele was present only in the heterozygous form. Osteomyelitis was more frequent in the wild type carriers (94.87%; 37/39) and most of the CCR5Δ32 carriers (87.5%; 14/16) did not present with osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: The CCR5Δ32 could be associated with protection against osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus, corroborating the data from Alonzo & Torres study, in which CCR5 receptor is required for S. aureus leukotoxin ED (LukED) cytotoxicity.

Pesquisa do vírus da hepatite em capivaras: em busca de novos reservatórios / Hepatitis virus research in capybaras: searching for new reservoirs

O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é um patógeno zoonótico, emergente, que está associado a importantes problemas de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença do HEV em capivaras de vida livre, que habitam parques urbanos no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de 337 amostras fecais foi triado para HEV utilizando o teste de Reação em tempo real em Cadeia da Polimerase pós transcrição reversa (RT-qPCR) e, posteriormente, confirmado por "nested" Reação em cadeia pela polimerase pós- transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) convencional. O genótipo e o subtipo de HEV foram determinados empregando a metodologia de Sanger e técnicas de sequenciamento de nova geração. O HEV foi detectado em uma amostra de fezes (0,3%) e classificado como HEV-3f. A cepa IAL-HEV_921 HEV-3f mostrou uma estreita relação com cepas de suínos europeus, javalis e humanas (90,7­93,2% nt), sugerindo transmissão interespécies. O subtipo 3f já havia sido relatado em suínos e em humanos, entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a infectividade viral nas fezes de animais e levar à conclusão dessa hipótese. A caracterização molecular de amostra positiva para o HEV foi importante para elucidar a diversidade genética do vírus nesses animais. Este é o primeiro relato de HEV detectado em amostras de fezes de capivara em todo o mundo.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that is associated with important public health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HEV in free-ranging capybaras that inhabit urban parks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 337 fecal samples were screened for HEV using Reverse Transcriptase ­ quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and further confirmed by conventional nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). HEV genotype and subtype were determined using Sanger methodology and next- generation sequencing techniques. HEV was detected in one stool sample (0.3%) and classified as HEV-3f. The IAL-HEV_921 HEV-3f strain showed a close relationship with European swine, wild boar and human strains (90.7­ 93.2% nt), suggesting an interspecies transmission, however, more studies are needed to assess viral infectivity in feces of these animals and lead to the conclusion of this hypothesis. The molecular characterization of a positive sample for HEV was important to elucidate the genetic diversity of the virus in these animals. Subtype 3f has been reported in swine and in humans. This is the first report of HEV detected in capybara stool samples worldwide.

Rugosidade superficial de resina composta submetida a diferentes tratamentos de superfície - estudo in vitro / Superficial roughness of composite resin submitted to different surface treatments - an in vitro study

The objective was to evaluate the superficial roughness of a composite resin submitted to different surface treatments, in vitro. Thirty specimens were made with P60TM packable composite resin (3M ESPE), 6 mm thick and 3 mm in diameter. The samples were stored in distilled water for 7 days at 37 ºC and randomly assigned to two test groups. The baseline superficial roughness was determined with a profilometer. Fifteen specimens of each material were subjected to the following finishing and polishing procedures: Group I: multi-fluted burs/aluminum oxide disks (Diamond ProTM, FGM); Group II: multi-fluted burs/rubber tips (Enhance/PogoTM, Dent-sply). Time was limited to 20s per instrument. Following these procedures, it was accomplished a new reading and storage. Then the samples were polished with felt disks with diamond paste (Diamond ExcelTM, FGM), for 20s, and a surface sealant was applied (Biscover, BIS-CO). After all these procedures, the final roughness was determined. Statistical analysis was performed with RM ANOVA and Tukey´s tests (5%). Significant effects were found with both the polishing systems and the sealant (presence or absence). The polishing with Diamond Pro caused the greatest roughness on all composites (p < 0.05). After the application of Biscover the composite surfaces were smoother. This difference was significant for the group polished with Diamond Pro and not sig-nificant for the group polished with EnhanceTM/Pogo. It was concluded that the application of a surface sealant following polishing with aluminum oxide disks or abrasive rubbers results in a surface with smoothness superior to that obtained with these polishing devices alone.

Avaliação de três métodos de tratamento de superfície em uma resina compostas indireta / Evaluation of three methods of surface treatment in an indirect composite resin

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar tratamentos de superfície da resina composta indireta Sinfony (3M) para o seu reparo caso haja uma fratura. Para o experimento foram realizados 6 blocos de resina composta indireta Sinfony (3M) de dimensões 6x6x12mm. Estes blocos foram divididos ao meio no seu maior comprimento e distribuídos para três grupos. No grupo 1, os espécimes foram condicionados por ácido fosfórico por 30 segundos, o grupo 2, por ácido fluorídrico por 30 segundos e no grupo 3, por jateamento de óxido de alumínio de 50µ por 5 segundos. Na superfície cortada do bloco foi realizado o tratamento de superfície e o reparo devolvendo as dimensões iniciais de cada bloco. Para todos os grupos foram utilizados sistema adesivo Adper Scothbond Multiuso (3M) e resina composta direta Filtek Z350 (3M). Os blocos foram fixados a uma máquina de corte e obtido 36 fatias de aproximadamente 1 mm² de base por 12 mm de comprimento por grupo para a realização do teste de microtração. Os resultados mostraram para cada grupo as seguintes médias e desvios-padrão em MPa não havendo diferença estatística entre eles: Grupo 1 - 33,99±19,45; Grupo 2 - 29,16±13,02; Grupo 3 - 30,13±19,75. Concluiu-se que qualquer dos três tipos de tratamento de superfície para reparo em resina composta indireta Sinfony tem resultados semelhantes quanto à resistência adesiva.

The objective of this study was to valuate surface conditionings of indirect composite resin Sinfony (3M) for his/her repair in case there is a fracture. For the study, 6 blocks of indirect composite rsin Sinfony (3M) of dimensions 6x6x12mm were made. The groups were divided in three of agreement conditioning surface. For all of the groups were used adhesive system Adper Scothbond Multi-uso (3M) and composite direct resin Filtek Z350 (3M). In the group 1, the specimens were conditioned by phosphoric acid by 30 seconds, the group 2, for fluoredric acid for 30 seconds and in the group 3, for oxide of aluminum sandblasting of 50µ for 5 seconds. Each group received two blocks. These blocks were divided to the middle in largest length, obtaining a total of four blocks for each group. In the cut surface, the repair was accomplished returning the initial dimensions of each block. Each block was adapted to a cut machine and obtained 9 slices of approximately 1mm² of base area and 12mm of length for the microtensile test. The result showed for each group the following mean and standard-deviation in Mpa, not having difference statistics among them: Grupo 1 - 33,99±19,45; Grupo 2 - 29,16±13,02; Grupo 3 - 30,13±19,75. Concluded that any of the three types of surface treatment for repair in indirect resin composite Sinfony has similar results as for the adhesive resistance.

Resistência à flexão de cimentos resinosos / Flexural strength of resin cements

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a propriedade mecânica de resistência à flexão de quatro cimentos resinosos duais: Enforce F, Variolink II, Bistite II DC e Panavia F. Para tanto, foram confeccionados 40 corpos-de-prova (n=10) de 9mm x 1mm x 1mm, através de uma matriz metálica. O cimento resinoso foi levado à matriz em incremento único até o total preenchimento da matriz. Após a fotopolimerização, os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 24h. Em seguida, em cada grupo foi realizado o ensaio mecânico de resistência à flexão de 3 pontos, com uma célula de carga de 50 Kgf, a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os resultados foram registrados em MPa, e analisados estatisticamente pelo método de análise de variância e pelo teste de Tukey (5%). Foi observado que os cimentos Bistite II DC e Panavia F apresentaram médias de resistência à flexão significantemente maiores do que os cimentos Variolink II e Enforce F.

Efeito de diferentes métodos de polimerização na microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de resina composta / Effect of different polymerization methods on the microleakage of composite resin restorations

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes métodos de fotopolimerização da resina composta sobre a microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de classe V em dentes bovinos. Foram realizadas 44 restaurações com a resina composta Solitaire, divididas em 4 grupos para a realização da polimerização: G1 – 100 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G2 – 200 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G3 – 600 mW/cm2 com 2 ativações de 30s cada; G4 – 100 mW/cm2 por 30s, seguida de 600 mW/cm2 por mais 30 segundos. As intensidades foram variadas por meio de tubos plásticos de 2 diferentes comprimentos acoplados à ponta do fotopolimerizador, que determinavam a quantidade de luz que chegava ao corpo-de-prova (tubo de 10cm=100 mW/cm2 e tubo de 2cm=200 mW/cm2). Após 500 ciclos térmicos (5±2°C e 55±2°C), os espécimes foram imersos em solução à base de Rodamina B por 24 horas e a microinfiltração foi avaliada. Os dados de microinfiltração dos quatro tipos de polimerização, quando submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis não diferiram estatisticamente (Esmalte: kw=3,90; gl=3; p=0,272 e Cemento: kw=4,61; gl=3; p=0,202). O teste de sinais de postos de Wilcoxon, usado para a comparação entre os dados de infiltração do esmalte frente ao cemento, em cada método de fotopolimerização, indicou uma diferença estatisticamente significante para os grupos G1, G2 e G4. Concluiu-se que os diferentes métodos de polimerização não afetaram a microinfiltração marginal de restaurações de resina composta.

Influência do método de aconselhamento nos sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular / Influence of counseling on temporomandibular symptoms

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência isolada do aconselhamento nos sintomas de DTM. Indivíduos com DTM que iriam ser tratados na Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos participaram de uma palestra que esclarecia o que é Disfunção, sua etiologia, os métodos de tratamento e como eles poderiam colaborar durante o período de espera pelo atendimento. Os dados desta pesquisa foram coletados em duas etapas: no dia da palestra, consistindo de um questionário e aplicação da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), e após um tempo de espera, na sessão que iria iniciar o tratamento clínico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste "t" de Student. Os resultados mostram diminuição significante entre os valores iniciais e finais da EVA. Pode-se concluir que o aconselhamento é importante no controle dos sintomas de DTM.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the isolated influence of counseling on TMD symptoms. Individuals with TMD who would be treated at São José dos Campos Dentistry School, joined a lecture that enlightened what is TMD, its etiology, treatment methods and how they could contribute during the time they were waiting for the treatment. The data of this research were collected in two stages: at the day of the lecture, comprising a questionnaire and application of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and after a waiting time, in the session they would begin clinical treatment. The data were subjected to the statistical analysis by the test t-Student. The results showed significant reduction between the initial and final values of VAS. It can be concluded that counseling is important in the management of TMD symptoms.

Avaliação da rugosidade superficial e da alteração de cor do esmalte humano submetido ao clareamento dental e/ou refrigerante a base de cola, em função de escovação simulada / Evaluation of human enamel superficial roughness and color change

Este estudo in vitro avaliou o efeito da abrasão do esmalte humano na rugosidade superficial e na alteração de cor de dentes previamente submetidos à erosão. Quarenta e oito pré-molares humanos hígidos foram divididos em face vestibular e lingual, totalizando 96 fragmentos. Os espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=24): C - controle; O - clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 38% (Opalescence Xtra Boost); OR - clareamento e imersão em refrigerante a base de cola (Coca-cola); R - imersão em refrigerante. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, para escovação com dentifrício de abrasividade regular (DR) e dentifrício branqueador (DB), em máquina simuladora de escovação. Antes e após o tratamento preconizado para cada grupo, a rugosidade foi mensurada em um rugosímetro (SJ-400, Mitutoyo) e a aferição da cor por meio de um espectofotômetro (Easyshade, Vita). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e testes de Dunnett e Tukey. O grupo OR apresentou o maior aumento de rugosidade (0,092), que foi estatisticamente semelhante ao grupo O (0,046) e diferente da diminuição causada por R (-0,007). Quanto à alteração de cor, OR apresentou valores intermediários (7,95), sendo estatisticamente semelhante tanto ao grupo O (9,96) quanto ao R (6,37), que diferiram entre eles. Concluiu-se que a exposição do esmalte tanto ao gel clareador como à coca-cola não aumentou a rugosidade e que a exposição à coca-cola durante o tratamento clareador não ocasionou descoloração dental. Os dentifrícios regular e branqueador apresentaram desempenho de rugosidade e de alteração de cor estatisticamente semelhantes em todos os grupos avaliados.