[Prevalence of microbiota in the digestive tract of wild females of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae)]. / Prevalência da microbiota no trato digestivo de fêmeas de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) provenientes do campo.

We dissected the digestive tract of 245 females in pools of 35 flies forming 7 groups. These flies were Lutzomyia longipalpis originating from Lapinha Cave, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais. Out of the 8 species of bacteria isolated there was a predominancy of Gram negative bacterias (GNB) in the group of non-fermenters of sugar belonging to the following species: Acinetobacter lwoffii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas putida and Flavimonas orizihabitans. The group of GNB fermenters were: Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella ozaenae. In the Gram positive group we isolated the genera Bacillus thuringiensis and Staphylococcus spp.

[Digestive tract microbiota in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) from colonies feeding on blood meal and sucrose plus blood meal]. / Microbiota do trato digestivo de fêmeas de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) provenientes de colônia alimentadas com sangue e com sangue e sacarose.

There are very few reports on the microbiota of the digestive tract of sand flies, an important omission considering that blood is not the only meal ingested. Male and female sand flies obtain sugar meals from several sources, thereby increasing their chance of infection with microorganisms. Chances of contamination are higher when insects are bred in the laboratory, and this may affect the development of Leishmania spp. From the digestive tract of 300 sand fly females separated in two groups we isolated 10 species of bacteria in group 1 and 8 species in group 2. In group 1, Enterobacteriaceae of the following genera were identified: Serratia, Enterobacter, and Yokenella and the non-fermenters: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. In group 2, the Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter and Serratia were identified as well as the non-fermenters Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Burkolderia, and Pseudomonas.

Application of deterministic model of isothermals for population dynamics of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera, Muscidae).

The isothermal deterministic model adherence was studied to evaluate the population dynamic of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera, Muscidae). The linear form of equation obtained for the experiments in the several phases, were for Egg: 1/D = -0.18 + 0.02. T; Larva: 1/D = -0.028 + 0.01. T; Pupa: 1/D = -0.069 + 0.01. T; and Adult: 1/D = -0.4178 + 0.02. T. In function of temperature, S. nudiseta can present from 4.18 to 8.95 and from 4.91 to 8.99 generations per year, when calculated through the equations of development and through the simulations, respectively. And the higher the temperature the larger the generation number. Through variance analysis it was verified the significance for the regression equations in relation to the annual generation number (Ng/year) of S. nudiseta in function of the isothermals, for two studied situations. It was obtained a significance of 0,1%. The regression equations obtained for these situations were: Ng/year = 5.4 + 0.5. T and Ng/year = 5.1 + 0.52. T. The number of generations of S. nudiseta varies linearly with the isothermal. Besides that, the number of annual generations for each isothermal does not differ statistically when calculated through the development equations or through the simulations. Such conditions suggest the adaptation of the deterministic model adopted.

Population dynamics of calyptrate Diptera (Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) at the Rio-Zoo Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Twenty-seven species of calyptrate muscoids (Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) were collected from December 1993 to November 1994 with wind oriented traps (W.O.T.) baited with decomposing beef liver at the Rio de Janeiro Zoo. The most abundant species found were Musca domestica (57.84%), Peckia chrysostoma (28.16%), Ophyra aenescens (17.11%), Oxysarcodexia thornax (17.82%), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (13.05%), and Oxysarcodexia diana (14.52%).

[Post-embryonic development of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae) with different diets, under laboratory conditions]. / Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae) em diferentes dietas, sob condições de laboratório.

The performance of various diets (bovine meat, fish-sardine, shrimp, dog faeces, and banana) in Ophyra aenescens development was evaluated. The biology was studied in an incubator (BOD) at 27 +/- 1 degrees C and 80 +/- 10% of RH. The developmental time from larvae to adult, the developmental time and viability of larvae and pupae, the weight of pupae as well as the sex ratio of the emerging adults were also determined. Beef and shrimp were the more efficient diets for rearing O. aenescens.

[Trophic niches in calyptrate Diptera in Rio de Janeiro, RJ]. / Nichos tróficos em dípteros caliptrados, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

Niche breadth and niche overlap of flies were estimated. The flies were breeding in different environments in Rio de Janerio (rural, urban and forest). It were used as a larvae substrate: banana mashed, mouse carcass, fish (sardine), bovine liver, shrimp and fresh human faeces. It were bred 14,294 flies, belonging to four families: Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae. The greater niche overlap values observed were: rural area: Phaenicia cuprina versus Chrysomya megacephala; urban area: Phaenicia eximia versus Sarcodexia innota and P. eximia versus Synthesiomyia nudiseta; forest area: P. eximia versus Hemilucilia flavifacies. The greater niche breadth recorded were: rural area: Peckia chrysostoma; urban area: S. nudiseta and Musca domestica; forest area: Euboettcheria collusor and P. eximia.

[Behavior of caliptrate Diptera in relation to oviposition substrates under laboratory conditions in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil]. / Comportamento de dípteros muscóides frente a substratos de oviposição, em laboratório, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

How adult females of calyptrate Diptera recognize the appropriate breeding substrate is a matter of controversy. Among holometabolic insects, the feeding opportunities of immature stages are generally determined by the adult female choice of an oviposition site. The ovipositional and larvipositional substrate preference for the synanthropic flies (Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria, Phaenicia cuprina: Calliphoridae; Atherigona orientalis, Synthesiomyia nudiseta: Muscidae; Ravinia belforti, Parasacophaga ruficornis, Peckia chrysostoma: Sarcophagidae) is presented in this work. The substrate used for testing were the following: bovine minced meat, fish (sardine), bovine liver, shrimp, squid, human faeces and banana. Bovine minced meat was the ovipositional and larvipositional substrate preferred by seven species. Human faces were preferred by R. belforti.

[Bionomical aspects of the Squamatoides triviattus (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) under laboratory conditions]. / Aspectos bionômicos de Squamatoides trivittatus (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) sob condições de laboratório.

Experiments with Squamatoides trivitattus were carried out in two different controlled temperatures (16 +/- 1 degree C/50-60% RH and 27 +/- 1 degree C/70-80% RH). The viability of larvae and pupae at 27 degrees C was 89.82% and 92.75% respectively. Larvae did not develop at 16 degrees C. Larval development lasted for 20 +/- 4 hr, 16 +/- 8 hr and 60 +/- 7 hr for the first, second and third instars, respectively, completing a total of 96 +/- 6 hr. The mean pupal period lasted for 15.7 +/- 1.6 days. In longevity tables for the adults, life-expectancy for 50% of the colony submitted to 16 degrees C was of 1.78 weeks for males and 2.42 for females. At 27 degrees C a life-expectancy of 1.15 weeks for males and 0.78 week for females was recorded. The average life-spans for males and females at 16 degrees C were 3.5 +/- 2.0 and 3.8 +/- 2.6 weeks, respectively, and 1.9 +/- 1.2 weeks for both sexes. At 27 degrees C, the longevity recorded was of 2.1 +/- 1.3 weeks for males and 1.7 +/- 1.1 week for females.

Nichos tróficos em dípteros caliptrados, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Trophic niches in calyptrate Diptera in Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Foram calculadas a extensão e sobreposição de nichos tróficos de dípteros caliptrados, criados em variados ambientes do Rio de Janeiro (área rural, urbana e florestal), utilizando-se diferentes substratos de criação (banana amassada, carcaça de camundongo, peixe (sardinha), fígado bovino, camarão e fezes humanas frescas. Foram criadas 14.294 moscas, pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae.

Population dynamics of calyptrate diptera (Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) at the Rio-Zoo Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Twenty-seven species of calyptrate muscoids (Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) were collected from December 1993 to November 1994 with wind oriented traps (W.O.T.) baited with decomposing beef liver at the Rio de Janeiro Zoo. The most abundant species found were Musca domestica (57.84 percent), Peckia chrysostoma (28.16 percent), Ophyra aenescens (17.11 percent), Oxysarcodexia thornax (17.82 percent), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (13.05 percent), and Oxysarcodexia diana (14.52 percent)

Application of deterministic model of isothermals for population dynamics of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera, Muscidae)

The isothermal deterministic model adherence was studied to evaluate the population dinamic of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera, Muscidae). The linear form of equation obtained for the experiments in the several phases, were for Egg: 1/D = -0.18 + 0.02 . T; Larva: 1/D = -0.028 + 0.01. T; Pupa: 1/D = -0.069 + 0.01 . T; and Adult: 1/D = -0.4178 + 0.02 . T. In function of temperature, S. nudiseta can present from 4.18 to 8.95 and from 4.91 to 8.99 generations per year, when calculated through the equations of development and through the simulations, respectively. And the higher the temperature the larger the generation number. Through variance analysis it was verified the significance for the regression equations in relation to the annual generation number (Ng/year) of S. nudiseta in function of the isothermals, for two studied situations. It was obtained a significance of 0,1 percent. The regression equations obtained for these situations were: Ng/year = 5.4 + 0.5 . T and Ng/year = 5.1 + 0.52 . T. The number of generations of S. nudiseta varies linearly with the isothermal. Besides that, the number of annual generations for each isothermal does not differ statistically when calculated through the development equations or through the simulations. Such conditions suggest the adaptation of the deterministic model adopted