Influence of cardioplegic solution on incidence of acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass surgery procedure: del Nido cardioplegia versus Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate solution: Insight of kidney disease improving global outcomes criteria.

INTRODUCTION: We set out to investigate whether the use of Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution or del Nido cardioplegia is linked to an increased incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out at our center, with a total of 478 patients included in the analysis. Among them, 268 patients were administered the del Nido solution (DN) while 210 patients received the HTK solution. The primary focus of this study was to assess the occurrence of postoperative AKI and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the type of cardioplegia used and adverse kidney outcomes. Additionally, serum levels of sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were monitored during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). RESULTS: The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the HTK group compared to the DN group [(48/220 (21.81%) vs. 24/186 (12.90%), p = .049], although the rate of RRT did not show a statistically significant difference (9/48, 18.75% vs. 6/24, 25%, p = .538). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HTK was a significant risk factor for AKI. Furthermore, serum sodium and calcium levels were found to decrease following HTK cardioplegic infusion. Conclusion: Our study provides compelling evidence of the impact of cardioplegic solutions on postoperative AKI rates. It underscores the importance of optimizing cardiac arrest protocols. These findings warrant further prospective investigations into the influence of cardioplegic solutions on electrolyte imbalances and postoperative AKI rates.

[Role of FOXO3a in process of hydrogen-rich saline attenuating global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of FOXO3a in process of hydrogen-rich saline attenuating global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 280-320 g, were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group I), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (group II), hydrogen-rich saline group (group III), vehicle group (group IV), JNK inhibitor SP600125 group (group V), JNK inhibitor+hydrogen-rich saline group (group VI). Global cerebral I/R was produced by transesophageal pacing inducing cardiac arrest (CA) method. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and mechanical ventilation was implemented at the end of 4 min for CA. In groups III and VI, hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was intraperitoneally immediately and 6 hours after reperfusion, while equel volume of nomal saline was injected in the other four groups. The rats in groups V and VI received intracerebroventricular injection of JNK inhibitor SP600125 10 µl 30 min before ischemia, while group IV received intracerebroventricular injection of equal volume of DMSO. Neuro Deficit Score (NDS) was evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion. Then rats were sacrificed, and the global brain tissues were obtained and stained with HE for examination of the changes in pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of hippocampus. The bilateral hippocampi were romoved for detection of the expression of p-JNK, JNK and FOXO3a using Western Blotting. RESULTS: Compared with group I, the expression of p-JNK, nuclear FOXO3a and the level of NDS were significantly up-regulated, and the number of pyramidal cells and was decreased in group II and IV. Compared with group II, the expression of p-JNK, nuclear FOXO3a and the level of NDS were significantly down-regulated, and the number of pyramidal cells was increased in group III, V and VI. CONCLUSION: Hydrogen-rich saline can attenuate global cerebral I/R injure through inhibiting JNK, reducing the expression of FOXO3a.

Comparative phylogeography of the Smilax hispida group (Smilacaceae) in eastern Asia and North America--implications for allopatric speciation, causes of diversity disparity, and origins of temperate elements in Mexico.

The Smilax hispida group (Smilacaceae) exhibits a discontinuous distribution in eastern Asia, eastern and western United States, and Mexico. A broad scale phylogeographic analysis was conducted for this group to evaluate the hypotheses of accelerated allopatric divergence in eastern Asia and a northern origin of the temperate elements in Mexico. Phylogeny was inferred using seven plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Species delineation was assessed using genealogical sorting indices (GSI). Lineage divergence time, haplotype diversification rates, and ancestral distributions were estimated using Bayesian methods. Phylogeographic patterns in eastern Asia and North America were compared by analyzing 539 individuals from 64 populations to assess allopatric diversification. Results strongly supported delineation of six allopatric species, the origin of this group from a Mexican ancestor around 11.42mya, and Mexican origins of the temperate species in Mexico. Significant geographic structure of haplotypes was found in eastern Asia, and greater haplotype diversification rate was observed for the North American lineage. Our data support allopatric speciation in eastern Asia but do not find evidence of an elevated diversification rate. Greater species diversity of the study system in eastern Asia may be due to a longer evolutionary history. Our results do not support northern origins of the Mexican temperate species.

Development of microsatellite markers for the dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Nyssaceae), a rare endemic from China.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Microsatellite primers were developed for the endangered Davidia involucrata to assess the population genetics and infer its evolutionary history. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using both the modified magnetic bead hybridization method and the dual-suppression PCR method, we isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci using 134 individuals from five populations in southwestern China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 21 (mean = 10.8). The expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.404 to 0.918 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.015 to 0.821. CONCLUSIONS: All of the 12 microsatellite markers developed for D. involucrata are polymorphic, and lay a solid foundation for further studies of the population genetics of this famous tree.

Incongruent range dynamics between co-occurring Asian temperate tree species facilitated by life history traits.

Postglacial expansion to former range limits varies substantially among species of temperate deciduous forests in eastern Asia. Isolation hypotheses (with or without gene flow) have been proposed to explain this variance, but they ignore detailed population dynamics spanning geological time and neglect the role of life history traits. Using population genetics to uncover these dynamics across their Asian range, we infer processes that formed the disjunct distributions of Ginkgo biloba and the co-occurring Cercidiphyllum japonicum (published data). Phylogenetic, coalescent, and comparative data suggest that Ginkgo population structure is regional, dichotomous (to west-east refugia), and formed ˜51 kya, resulting from random genetic drift during the last glaciation. This split is far younger than the north-south population structure of Cercidiphyllum (~1.89 Mya). Significant (recent) unidirectional gene flow has not homogenized the two Ginkgo refugia, despite 2Nm > 1. Prior to this split, gene flow was potentially higher, resulting in conflicting support for a priori hypotheses that view isolation as an explanation for the variation in postglacial range limits. Isolation hypotheses (with or without gene flow) are thus not necessarily mutually exclusive due to temporal variation of gene flow and genetic drift. In comparison with Cercidiphyllum, the restricted range of Ginkgo has been facilitated by uncompetitive life history traits associated with seed ecology, highlighting the importance of both demography and lifetime reproductive success when interpreting range shifts.