Synthesis of functionalized 2,5-dihydropyrrole derivatives via a convenient [3 + 2] annulation of azomethine ylides with allenoates.

A convenient [3 + 2] annulation of azomethine ylides with allenoates promoted by triethylamine produced highly functionalized 2,5-dihydropyrrole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. The potential utility of this reaction indicates that this reaction could be performed on the gram scale and the synthesized functionalized 2,5-dihydropyrrole derivatives could be further transformed into other interesting heterocycles. The mechanism for the transformation is a tandem ß-addition/Mannich cyclization process.

Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution as factors of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Care patterns and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution affects the emotion and health of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) while the prevalence of COVID-19 may aggravate such patients' emotion and health. We investigated the depression and anxiety levels of patients with SSc during the pandemic to identify the correlation between care patterns, TCM constitution, and patients' emotion. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with SSc and healthy individuals were surveyed using the patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7, and constitution in Chinese medicine questionnaire and a modified care pattern questionnaire. Factors correlated with depression and anxiety were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 273 patients with SSc and 111 healthy individuals were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients with SSc who were depressed was 74.36%, who had anxiety was 51.65%, and who experienced disease progression during the pandemic was 36.99%. The proportion of income reduction in the online group (56.19%) was higher than that in the hospital group (33.33%) (P = 0.001). Qi-deficiency [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.250] and Qi-stagnation (adjusted OR = 3.824) constitutions were significantly associated with depression. Remote work during the outbreak (adjusted OR = 1.920), decrease in income (adjusted OR = 3.556), and disease progression (P = 0.030) were associated with the occurrence of depression. Conclusion: Chinese patients with SSc have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the care patterns of Chinese patients with SSc, and work, income, disease progression, and change of medications were correlates of depression or anxiety in patients with SSc. Qi-stagnation and Qi-deficiency constitutions were associated with depression, and Qi-stagnation constitution was associated with anxiety in patients with SSc. Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62301, identifier ChiCTR2000038796.

Preliminary Characterization of Dog Derived Pathogenic Strains of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Australis in Nanchang of Jiangxi Province, China.

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira, and those infected animals will show a variety of clinical symptoms and even death. The discovery of endemic strains is crucial to produce effective vaccines. In this study, we report that a strain of Leptospira, isolated from a dog, is pathogenic. Using MLST analysis, the serovar of isolated Leptospira was identified and found it belongs to Leptospira interrogation Serovar Australis. Then, the virulence of this strain was researched by using hamsters. After infection, all the hamsters died within 4-5 days. Typical pathological changes were found in the liver, kidney, and lung of hamsters. These results all indicated that the isolated Leptospira was pathogenic. Thus, this study facilitates to identifying local Leptospira strains and develop a more targeted canine Leptospira vaccine.

Phosphine-Catalyzed Stereoselective Tandem Annulation Reaction for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrroles.

A phosphine-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction has been developed to provide a series of chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole derivatives, which contain three consecutive asymmetric centers. The reaction has a good yield, excellent stereoselectivity, and Z/E selectivity. The new method is simple, requires only mild conditions, and shows tolerance for various functional groups. Similarly, this reaction can be catalyzed by a chiral phosphine catalyst to achieve asymmetric synthesis.

Umpolung of o-Hydroxyaryl Azomethine Ylides: Entry to Functionalized γ-Aminobutyric Acid under Phosphine Catalysis.

A phosphine-catalyzed reaction between o-hydroxyaryl azomethine ylides and MBH carbonates provides access to highly functionalized γ-aminobutyric acid derivatives in moderate to good yields. Mechanistically, the reaction involves a phosphine-catalyzed tandem SN2'/2-aza-Cope rearrangement/intramolecular addition process.