Multivariate weighted recurrence network analysis of EEG signals from ERP-based smart home system.

Smart home has been widely used to improve the living quality of people. Recently, the brain-computer interface (BCI) contributes greatly to the smart home system. We design a BCI-based smart home system, in which the event-related potentials (ERP) are induced by the image interface based on the oddball paradigm. Then, we investigate the influence of mental fatigue on the ERP classification by the Fisher linear discriminant analysis. The results indicate that the classification accuracy of ERP decreases as the brain evolves from the normal stage to the mental fatigue stage. In order to probe into the difference of the brain, cognitive process between mental fatigue and normal states, we construct multivariate weighted recurrence networks and analyze the variation of the weighted clustering coefficient and weighted global efficiency corresponding to these two brain states. The findings suggest that these two network metrics allow distinguishing normal and mental fatigue states and yield novel insights into the brain fatigue behavior resulting from a long use of the ERP-based smart home system. These properties render the multivariate recurrence network, particularly useful for analyzing electroencephalographic recordings from the ERP-based smart home system.

Multiplex multivariate recurrence network from multi-channel signals for revealing oil-water spatial flow behavior.

The exploration of the spatial dynamical flow behaviors of oil-water flows has attracted increasing interests on account of its challenging complexity and great significance. We first technically design a double-layer distributed-sector conductance sensor and systematically carry out oil-water flow experiments to capture the spatial flow information. Based on the well-established recurrence network theory, we develop a novel multiplex multivariate recurrence network (MMRN) to fully and comprehensively fuse our double-layer multi-channel signals. Then we derive the projection networks from the inferred MMRNs and exploit the average clustering coefficient and the spectral radius to quantitatively characterize the nonlinear recurrent behaviors related to the distinct flow patterns. We find that these two network measures are very sensitive to the change of flow states and the distributions of network measures enable to uncover the spatial dynamical flow behaviors underlying different oil-water flow patterns. Our method paves the way for efficiently analyzing multi-channel signals from multi-layer sensor measurement system.

Directed weighted network structure analysis of complex impedance measurements for characterizing oil-in-water bubbly flow.

Characterizing the flow structure underlying the evolution of oil-in-water bubbly flow remains a contemporary challenge of great interests and complexity. In particular, the oil droplets dispersing in a water continuum with diverse size make the study of oil-in-water bubbly flow really difficult. To study this issue, we first design a novel complex impedance sensor and systematically conduct vertical oil-water flow experiments. Based on the multivariate complex impedance measurements, we define modalities associated with the spatial transient flow structures and construct modality transition-based network for each flow condition to study the evolution of flow structures. In order to reveal the unique flow structures underlying the oil-in-water bubbly flow, we filter the inferred modality transition-based network by removing the edges with small weight and resulting isolated nodes. Then, the weighted clustering coefficient entropy and weighted average path length are employed for quantitatively assessing the original network and filtered network. The differences in network measures enable to efficiently characterize the evolution of the oil-in-water bubbly flow structures.

Multiplex Limited Penetrable Horizontal Visibility Graph from EEG Signals for Driver Fatigue Detection.

Driver fatigue is an important contributor to road accidents, and driver fatigue detection has attracted a great deal of attention on account of its significant importance. Numerous methods have been proposed to fulfill this challenging task, though, the characterization of the fatigue mechanism still, to a large extent, remains to be investigated. To address this problem, we, in this work, develop a novel Multiplex Limited Penetrable Horizontal Visibility Graph (Multiplex LPHVG) method, which allows in not only detecting fatigue driving but also probing into the brain fatigue behavior. Importantly, we use the method to construct brain networks from EEG signals recorded from different subjects performing simulated driving tasks under alert and fatigue driving states. We then employ clustering coefficient, global efficiency and characteristic path length to characterize the topological structure of the networks generated from different brain states. In addition, we combine average edge overlap with the network measures to distinguish alert and mental fatigue states. The high-accurate classification results clearly demonstrate and validate the efficacy of our multiplex LPHVG method for the fatigue detection from EEG signals. Furthermore, our findings show a significant increase of the clustering coefficient as the brain evolves from alert state to mental fatigue state, which yields novel insights into the brain behavior associated with fatigue driving.

PageRank versatility analysis of multilayer modality-based network for exploring the evolution of oil-water slug flow.

Numerous irregular flow structures exist in the complicated multiphase flow and result in lots of disparate spatial dynamical flow behaviors. The vertical oil-water slug flow continually attracts plenty of research interests on account of its significant importance. Based on the spatial transient flow information acquired through our designed double-layer distributed-sector conductance sensor, we construct multilayer modality-based network to encode the intricate spatial flow behavior. Particularly, we calculate the PageRank versatility and multilayer weighted clustering coefficient to quantitatively explore the inferred multilayer modality-based networks. Our analysis allows characterizing the complicated evolution of oil-water slug flow, from the opening formation of oil slugs, to the succedent inter-collision and coalescence among oil slugs, and then to the dispersed oil bubbles. These properties render our developed method particularly powerful for mining the essential flow features from the multilayer sensor measurements.

Multiscale limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph for analyzing nonlinear time series.

Visibility graph has established itself as a powerful tool for analyzing time series. We in this paper develop a novel multiscale limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph (MLPHVG). We use nonlinear time series from two typical complex systems, i.e., EEG signals and two-phase flow signals, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Combining MLPHVG and support vector machine, we detect epileptic seizures from the EEG signals recorded from healthy subjects and epilepsy patients and the classification accuracy is 100%. In addition, we derive MLPHVGs from oil-water two-phase flow signals and find that the average clustering coefficient at different scales allows faithfully identifying and characterizing three typical oil-water flow patterns. These findings render our MLPHVG method particularly useful for analyzing nonlinear time series from the perspective of multiscale network analysis.

Multivariate multiscale complex network analysis of vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow in a small diameter pipe.

High water cut and low velocity vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow is a typical complex system with the features of multiscale, unstable and non-homogenous. We first measure local flow information by using distributed conductance sensor and then develop a multivariate multiscale complex network (MMCN) to reveal the dispersed oil-in-water local flow behavior. Specifically, we infer complex networks at different scales from multi-channel measurements for three typical vertical oil-in-water flow patterns. Then we characterize the generated multiscale complex networks in terms of network clustering measure. The results suggest that the clustering coefficient entropy from the MMCN not only allows indicating the oil-in-water flow pattern transition but also enables to probe the dynamical flow behavior governing the transitions of vertical oil-water two-phase flow.