A modular, extensible approach to massive ecologically valid behavioral data.

We explore here the application of modern computer hardware and software to the collection and analysis of behavioral data. We discuss the issues of ecological validity, storage and processing, data permanence, automation, validity, and algorithmic determinism. Taking the modern landscape into account, we demonstrate several varying projects we have recently undertaken as proofs of concept of the viability and utility of this approach. In particular, we describe four research projects, which involve work on child-directed speech; the application of automatic methods to clinical populations, including children with hearing loss; quality control and the assessment of validity; and the sharing of data in a public database. We conclude by pointing out how the methodology described here can be extended to a wide variety of interdisciplinary and detailed projects that are likely to lead to better science and improved outcomes for populations served by the behavioral, social, and health sciences.

HomeBank: An Online Repository of Daylong Child-Centered Audio Recordings.

HomeBank is introduced here. It is a public, permanent, extensible, online database of daylong audio recorded in naturalistic environments. HomeBank serves two primary purposes. First, it is a repository for raw audio and associated files: one database requires special permissions, and another redacted database allows unrestricted public access. Associated files include metadata such as participant demographics and clinical diagnostics, automated annotations, and human-generated transcriptions and annotations. Many recordings use the child-perspective LENA recorders (LENA Research Foundation, Boulder, Colorado, United States), but various recordings and metadata can be accommodated. The HomeBank database can have both vetted and unvetted recordings, with different levels of accessibility. Additionally, HomeBank is an open repository for processing and analysis tools for HomeBank or similar data sets. HomeBank is flexible for users and contributors, making primary data available to researchers, especially those in child development, linguistics, and audio engineering. HomeBank facilitates researchers' access to large-scale data and tools, linking the acoustic, auditory, and linguistic characteristics of children's environments with a variety of variables including socioeconomic status, family characteristics, language trajectories, and disorders. Automated processing applied to daylong home audio recordings is now becoming widely used in early intervention initiatives, helping parents to provide richer speech input to at-risk children.

Conversation Initiation of Mothers, Fathers, and Toddlers in their Natural Home Environment.

In a conversational exchange, interlocutors use social cues including conversational turn-taking to communicate. There has been attention in the literature concerning how mothers, fathers, boys, and girls converse with each other, and in particular who initiates a conversation. Better understanding of conversational dynamics may deepen our understanding of social roles, speech and language development, and individual language variability. Here we use large-scale automatic analysis of 186 naturalistic daylong acoustic recordings to examine the conversational dynamics of 26 families with children about 30 months of age to better understand communication roles. Families included 15 with boys and 11 with girls. There was no difference in conversation initiation rate by child sex, but children initiated more conversations than mothers, and mothers initiated more than fathers. Results support developmental theories of the different and variable roles that interlocutors play in a social context.