RESUMO
Fifteen different genotypes of greater yam (Dioscorea alata) NGY-1, NGY-2, NGY-3, NGY-4, NGY-5, NGY-6, NGY-7, NGY-8, NGY-9, NGY-10, NGY-11, NGY-12, NGY-13, NGY-14 and Da-199 were procured from different places of south Gujarat, like Valsad, Navsari, Surat and Anand. Among the biochemical parameters total carbohydrate ranged between 51.87 and 87.85% from different genotypes, starch ranged from 47 to 80.67%, crude fat ranged from 0.6 to 2.32%, crude fibre ranged between 1.10 and 4.09%, anthocyanin content of genotypes ranged from 1.01 to 3.25 mg/g, beta-carotene content ranged between 0.97 and 1.88 µg/g. The antinutrients namely Diosgenin and Tannin ranged from 0.28 to 0.93% and 0.923 mg/100 g to 2.447 mg/100 g, respectively. RAPD analysis was also done by the help of 18 RAPD markers: OPA1, OPA2, OPA3, OPA13, OPB1, OPB6, OPB7, OPM1, OPM2, OPM4, OPM7, OPM11, OPM12, OPM13, OPM15, OPM16, OPM17 and OPM19 from which an average of 9.7 loci were detected with an average of 4.72 polymorphic loci which is 48.65% polymorphism per loci and 48.70% average polymorphism. From the overall study, it can be conferred that the study revealed highest carbohydrate content in NGY-3 (87.85%), fat (2.32%) and crude fiber content (4.09%) in NGY-11, ß-carotene in NGY-7 (1.88 µg/g), anthocyanin in NGY-4(3.25 mg/g). Lowest tannin (0.923 mg/100 g) and diosgenin (0.28%) was found in NGY-6, and NGY-7 respectively. For each of the biochemical parameters, the varieties with the optimum values may be cultivated. As the molecular studies revealed NGY-2 and NGY-3 have 96% similarities, they may be the duplicate of the same genotypes which can be studied further for better germplasm conservation.
RESUMO
To meet the growing international demand for aromatic rice, this study, conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in Cooch Behar, West Bengal, aimed to enhance the yield and quality of the 'Tulaipanji' rice cultivar through advanced establishment methods and the use of organic nutrients over two years. The research tested three planting techniques: mechanical transplanting, wet direct seeding (using a drum seeder), and traditional methods, alongside four nutrient management strategies: vermicompost, farmyard manure, a mix of both, and conventional fertilizers. Findings revealed that mechanical transplanting significantly increased yield by over 31.98% and 71.05% compared to traditional methods and wet direct seeding, respectively. Using vermicompost alone as a nutrient source not only boosted yields by 21.31% over conventional fertilizers but also enhanced the rice's nutritional value and cooking quality. Moreover, soils treated with vermicompost showed higher dehydrogenase activity, indicating better soil health. Economically, mechanical transplanting with vermicompost was the most beneficial, yielding the highest net returns and benefit-cost ratios in both years studied. This approach presents a viable model for improving the sustainability of aromatic rice production globally, emphasizing the economic and environmental advantages of adopting mechanical planting techniques and organic fertilization methods.