Single trans-septal access technique for left atrial intracardiac echocardiography to guide left atrial appendage closure.

OBJECTIVE: This registry aimed to describe the safety and feasibility of a single trans-septal (TS) access technique for left intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance of left-atrial appendage (LAA) closure procedure. BACKGROUND: LAA closure is currently accepted as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who are at high-risk for bleeding. Currently, LAA closure procedure is typically performed under trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) guidance. Although, ICE has the advantage of not requiring profound sedation/anesthesia, ICE-LAA imaging quality is often limited from the right atrium requiring double TS access. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with NVAF underwent LAA closure using the Amplatzer Amulet™ device (St Jude Medical) under ICE guidance from the left atrium. The ICE AcuNav catheter (Biosense Webster) and the Amulet delivery sheath were advanced into the LA through single TS puncture technique. RESULTS: The population was predominately male (59.1%) with a mean age of 74 ± 9.3 years, at high-risk for stroke (mean CHADS2 score of 3.8 ± 1.1) and bleeding (mean HAS BLED score of 3.5 ± 1.3). The Amplatzer AmuletTM device was successfully implanted in all patients. No procedural related complications including device embolization were noted. No major cardiovascular events occurred and all patients were discharged alive. At 30-day follow-up all patients remained alive, free of ischemic stroke and with no residual leak or device thrombus on TEE. CONCLUSIONS: This initial experience suggests that LAA occlusion with the Amplatzer Amulet device using ICE guidance from the left atrium via a single trans-septal technique is feasible and safe.

[Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.Experience in 26 patients]. / Experiencia inicial del implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax.

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease. Its surgical indication is undisputed in symptomatic severe AS, however, 30% of patients are at high surgical risk or inoperable. Transcatheter Valve Implantation (TAVI) is an alternative for this group of patients. AIM: To describe the clinical outcomes of TAVI in a group of patients treated at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study including all patients referred for TAVI due to their high surgical risk or being inoperable. All-cause mortality, secondary stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, vascular complications, prosthetic and periprosthetic regurgitation, Karnosfky test and Functional Capacity (FC) were assessed as endpoints. RESULTS: We evaluated 26 patients with a mean age of 82 years (74% women) in whom 27 procedures were done. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 8.8%. Overall mortality at 30 days, one and two years was 11.1, 18.5 and 29.6% respectively. Karnofsky score increased significantly from 62.3% at baseline to 83.9; 88.6 and 88.8% at six months, one and two years, respectively. Prior to the procedure, FC was 3.1 ± 0.6, decreasing significantly to 1.2; 1.3 and 1 at six months, one and two years of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: TAVI is an effective alternative treatment for patients with severe symptomatic AS and high surgical risk.

Experiencia inicial del implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax: Experience in 26 patients / Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease. Its surgical indication is undisputed in symptomatic severe AS, however, 30% of patients are at high surgical risk or inoperable. Transcatheter Valve Implantation (TAVI) is an alternative for this group of patients. Aim: To describe the clinical outcomes of TAVI in a group of patients treated at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile. Patients and Methods: Prospective study including all patients referred for TAVI due to their high surgical risk or being inoperable. All-cause mortality, secondary stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, vascular complications, prosthetic and periprosthetic regurgitation, Karnosfky test and Functional Capacity (FC) were assessed as endpoints. Results: We evaluated 26 patients with a mean age of 82 years (74% women) in whom 27 procedures were done. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 8.8%. Overall mortality at 30 days, one and two years was 11.1, 18.5 and 29.6% respectively. Karnofsky score increased significantly from 62.3% at baseline to 83.9; 88.6 and 88.8% at six months, one and two years, respectively. Prior to the procedure, FC was 3.1 ± 0.6, decreasing significantly to 1.2; 1.3 and 1 at six months, one and two years of follow up. Conclusions: TAVI is an effective alternative treatment for patients with severe symptomatic AS and high surgical risk.

[Angioplasty stenting with Sirolimus (rapamycin) eluting stents in type 2 diabetic patients]. / Angioplastia con stents liberadores de rapamicina en diabéticos tipo 2: experiencia del Hospital DIPRECA.

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents have been developed to reduce the rates of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Several studies have demonstrated that rapamycin eluting stents are reliable and effective. AIM: To report the experience in our Health Centre with rapamycin-eluting stents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty two stents with rapamicine were implanted to 32 diabetic patients, between June 2002 and December 2004. After the procedure, subjects were clinically followed-up for an average period of 19.9+/-9.9 months, evaluating functional capacity, angina pectoris, dyspnea, need for hospital admission, acute coronary events and cardiac death. In those subjects clinically suspected to have restenosis, a coronary angiography was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine subjects (90.6%) remained asymptomatic, two subjects (6.3%) developed angina pectoris but restenosis was ruled out, and one subject (3.1%) died. CONCLUSIONS: The use of rapamycin-eluting stents in these patients was safe and successful with no evidence of clinic restenosis. These positive results are similar to those reported in the Diabetes Study.

A wireless pressure sensor for monitoring pulmonary artery pressure in advanced heart failure: initial experience.

Hemodynamic goals have been used in the past to guide therapy in patients with heart failure (HF). For HF patients whose signs and symptoms of congestion do not resolve with initial therapy it appears reasonable to consider hemodynamic monitoring at experienced sites. It has been suggested that implantable hemodynamic sensors may enable frequent monitoring of hemodynamic changes in HF patients and be used in tailoring vasodilator. We present the first human case of radio-frequency based, wireless pressure sensor for the monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure in patients with advanced HF. This sensor is delivered into the pulmonary artery via percutaneous venous access.

Seguridad de la angioplastía coronaria ambulatoria por vía transradial: experiencia de un centro / Safety of trans-radial ambulatory coronary angioplasty: a single center experience

Introducción: El número creciente de intervenciones coronarias ha generado una demanda mayor de camas hospitalarias. Se ha reportado que luego de un periodo postintervención de 4 a 6 horas no se observan complicaciones asociadas a la angioplastía coronaria (AC). Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad del alta precoz luego de la angioplastía coronaria. Material y métodos: Se analizaron los pacientes (pts) sometidos a AC y dados de alta luego de una observación de 4 horas, en el período comprendido entre Enero 2004 y Agosto 2010. Se analizaron las variables clínicas y angiografías. Se consideraron criterios de seguridad: infarto y/o trombosis del stent, complicaciones hemorrágicas y mortalidad hasta los 30 días. Resultados: Se realizó AC ambulatoria a 414 pacientes con una edad de 63.17 +/- 10.4 años. 80 por ciento fueron hombres. El 53 por ciento fueron portadores de enfermedad de 2 y 3 vasos. La AC fue exitosa en el 95.9 por ciento de casos. El 49 por ciento de las lesiones tratadas fueron de complejidad mayor (tipo B2 y C). Se analizaron los índices de seguridad en tres periodos: 4 a 24 horas, 24 horas a 7 dias y de 7 días a 30 días, observándose solo 3 hemorragias menores en el período más precoz y ningún sangramiento mayor, nueva revascularización, infarto agudo del miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular, ni mortalidad en ninguno de los tiempos analizados. Conclusión: El alta precoz luego de la AC por vía radial es un procedimiento seguro independiente de la complejidad de la anatomía coronaria.

The increasing number of percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures poses a strain on the availability of hospital. There is evidence that no complications of PTCA are observed 4 o 6 hr after the procedure. Aim: To evaluate the safety of early discharge after PTCA Methods: Patients submitted to PTCA from January to August 2010 who were discharged after a 4 hr observation period had their clinical and angiographic characteristics assessed. Infarction, stent thrombosis and 30 day mortality were determined. Results: 414 patients were included. Mean age was 63.2 years (SD 10.4), 80 percent of them males. 53 per cent had 2 or 3 vessel disease. PTCA was successful in 95.9 percent of cases. 49 per cent of coronary artery lesions were type B2 or C. 3 minor bleeding episodes occurred before 24 hr after the procedure. No major bleedings, new revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, stroke were seen up to 30 days post procedure. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Early discharge after trans-radial artery PTCA is safe even for treatment of complex coronary artery lesions.

Comparison of a radiofrequency-based wireless pressure sensor to swan-ganz catheter and echocardiography for ambulatory assessment of pulmonary artery pressure in heart failure.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of a new heart failure (HF) sensor (HFS) (Heart Failure Sensor, CardioMEMS Inc., Atlanta, Georgia) pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) monitoring compared with Swan-Ganz (SG) (Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois) catheterization and echocardiography (ECHO) in ambulatory HF patients. BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in the development of ambulatory monitoring devices aiming to adjust therapy and prevent hospitalizations in HF patients. METHODS: Twelve patients with HF and New York Heart Association functional class II to IV were included in this study. The HFS was deployed into the pulmonary artery under angiography, allowing wireless PAP measurement. Two independent blind operators performed 3 HFS measurements at each visit, with simultaneous ECHO at 2, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days. Swan-Ganz catheterization was performed at 0 and 60 days. Linear regression was used as a measure of agreement. Variability between methods and interobserver variability were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 63 +/- 14.6 years. Systolic PAP was 64 +/- 22 mm Hg and 58 +/- 22 mm Hg for HFS and SG, respectively (p < 0.01). Both methods showed a significant correlation (r2 = 0.96 baseline, r2 = 0.90 follow-up, p < 0.01), with a mean difference of 6.2 +/- 4.5 mm Hg. Diastolic PAP was 23 +/- 14 mm Hg and 28 +/- 16 mm Hg for HFS and SG, respectively (r2 = 0.88 baseline, r2 = 0.48 follow-up, p < 0.01), with a mean difference of -1.6 +/- 6.8 mm Hg. Systolic PAP was 60 +/- 20 mm Hg and 62 +/- 12 mm Hg for HFS and ECHO, respectively (r2 = 0.75, p < 0.01), with a mean difference of -2.6 +/- 11 mm Hg. There was no significant interobserver difference. CONCLUSIONS: The HFS provides an accurate method for PAP assessment in the intermediate follow-up of HF patients.

Monitoreo inalámbrico de presión arterial pulmonar en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca / Wireless pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in patients with congestive heart failure

Antecedentes: El monitoreo continuo y remoto de presiones intracardiacas ha sido reportado de utilidad en el manejo y prevención de hospitalización en pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardíaca (IC). Objetivos: Describir la técnica y las complicaciones en el seguimiento a mediano plazo de un sensor inalámbrico(Sensor CardioMEMS Heart Sure®) pulmonar; evaluar la exactitud de la determinación de la presión en arteriapulmonar (PAP) después de un año de implante y su correlación con la presión estimada por cateterismo cardíaco convencional (catéter de Swan-Ganz).Método: Fueron incluidos en el estudio pacientes con IC avanzada con al menos una hospitalización en el año previo al implante de este sensor. Se realizaron mediciones simultáneas con catéter de Swan-Ganz (SG) durante el implante y a los 60, 180 días y un año de seguimiento. Se empleó análisis de regresión lineal como una medida de la correlación entre los métodos. La variabilidad entre las técnicas se evaluó mediante análisis del Bland-Altman.Resultados: En este reporte fueron incluidos 27 pacientes, 24 hombres con edad promedio de 64+/-14.1 años y FE promedio de 25 por ciento, la gran mayoría en clase funcional III de la NYHA. Un paciente falleció 190 días post implante por causa extra cardíaca y otro falleció 45 días post implante por shock cardiogénico. La PAP sistólica, diastólica y media cuantificada a 60 días, 6 meses y un año post implante tuvo una correlación adecuada cuando se comparó con el cateterismo de SG preservando la calidad de la curva de presión obtenida desde el sensor. La calidad de la señal se ha mantenido hasta más de un año de seguimiento. Conclusión: Existió muy buena correlación entre las presiones obtenidas con el sensor y las mediciones del catéter de SG. Es necesario validar este sistema en un número mayor de enfermos y establecer su papel en el manejo de la IC crónica.

Background: Continuous and remote intracardiac pressure monitoring has been reported to be useful to manage patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and to prevent rehospitalization. Aim: To describe the technical aspects and complications in the use of a wireless pulmonary artery pressure sensor (CardioMEMS Heart Sure© ) in a medium term follow up. Also, to evaluate de precision of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) measurement one year after implantation of the device. Methods: Patients with advanced CHF with at least one hospitalization in the preceding year were included. PAP was measured through Swan Ganz catheterization at the time of device implantation and after 60 days, 6 months and one year of follow up. Linear regression was used to estimate inter method correlation and Bland-Altman analysis to estimate variability among methods Results: Twenty-seven patients (24 men) aged 64 +/-14.1 (SD) years, most of them in functional class III were included. The mean ejection fraction was 25 percent. One patient died 190 days after implant due to non cardiac causes and another 45 days post implant from cardiogenic shock. Systolic, diastolic and mean PAP was measured 60 days, 6 months and 1 year post implant. The correlation with Swan Ganz catheter measurement was adequate. The quality of the signal obtained from the PAP sensor was maintained at one year of follow up. Conclusion: A very good correlation between wireless and Swan Ganz measurements of PAP was observed. More extensive assessment of this method is needed to establish its usefulness in the management of patients with chronic CHF.

Análisis de complejo inmunes circulantes en endocarditis infecciosa / Analysis of circulating inmune complexes in infective endocarditis

En este trabajo se analizaron los complejos inmunes circulantes (CIC) en 11 pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa (EI), hemocultivo (+) en tres etapas de evolución de la enfermedad: antes de iniciar la terapia, cuarta y octava semanas que constituyeron la I, II, III muestras. Se analizaron cuatro grupos controles: 12 sujetos sanos, 10 individuos valvulares no operados, 14 con prótesis valvular mecánica y 12 con prótesis valvular biológica. Los CIC se analizaron por dos métodos: fijación a C1q y a inmunoconglutinina. El análisis por fijación a C1q no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas al comparar los cuatro grupos controles entre sí, mientras que hubo un aumento significativo de los Cic al comparar tanto la I y II con la III y grupo control sano (P0,05-0,0125-0,0125, respectivamente). El análisis de evolución de CIC en cada paciente mostró en todos un aumento en la II muestra que disminuyó en la III muestra. Sólo 4 pacientes presentaron CIC elevado sobre el rango normal en la I muestra. El análisis por fijación a inmunoconglutinina mostró diferencias significativas sólo entre la I y II muestra con el grupo control sano (P=0,0125 y 0,0125). El análisis de la evolución mostró heterogeneidad en los resultados. Se analiza la importancia de los datos obtenidos en este trabajo