Prevalence and factors influencing bullying among Egyptian schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of bullying among schoolchildren and to study the correlation between bullying and a specific type of malocclusion, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), the need for orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Low, middle and high socioeconomic group schools in the same educational district in Cairo, Egypt. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 324 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years. METHODS: Validated questionnaires were used to assess self-reported bullying frequency and intensity, self-esteem and OHRQoL. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess the orthodontic treatment need and the participants' occlusion was classified according to the British Standard Incisors (BSI) classification. RESULTS: Bullying was found to be prevalent in 61.7% of the sample. Regression analysis revealed that participants with a Class II division 1 incisor relationship had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting bullying (OR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-2.15). Being bullied was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.13-0.78), worse OHRQoL (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.95-3.15) and a high need for orthodontic treatment, as determined by the IOTN Dental Health Component score (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05-1.95) and IOTN Aesthetic Component score (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12-1.88). Moreover, participants in high and middle socioeconomic groups had a lower OR for predicting bullying than those in the low socioeconomic group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13-0.54). CONCLUSION: The bullying prevalence among Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years was very high. The prevalence of bullying was higher in schoolchildren with higher orthodontic treatment need and Class II division 1 incisor relationship. Bullying was correlated to poor self-esteem as well as poor OHRQoL. In addition, low socioeconomic status was found to be a potential predictor for bullying.

Evaluation of anchorage loss after en masse retraction in orthodontic patients with maxillary protrusion using friction vs frictionless mechanics: randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate anchorage loss after en masse retraction in bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients using friction vs frictionless mechanics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion needing extraction of upper first premolars and en masse retraction with maximum anchorage were included in this two-arm, parallel, single-center, single-blinded randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio using fully sealed opaque envelopes. Friction group retraction utilized elastomeric power chain between miniscrews and hooks crimped mesial to upper canines on 17 × 25 stainless steel archwire. Frictionless group used customized T-loop springs loading upper first molars indirectly anchored to miniscrews. Activation was every 4 weeks until full retraction. The primary outcome assessed was anchorage loss evaluated at cusp tip and root apex of the first molar. First molar rotation, incisor tip and torque, and root resorption of anterior teeth were evaluated on digital models and cone beam computed tomography taken before and after space closure. RESULTS: Anchorage loss at crown of first molar was significantly more in frictionless group by 2.1 mm (95% CI = -0.4 to 3.5), (P = .014), while there was no significant difference in anchorage loss at root apex between groups. Significant mesial in molar rotation of 6.672° (95% CI = 12.2-21.2), (P = 0.02) was greater in the frictionless group. Both groups showed comparable tip, torque, and root resorption values. No severe harms were reported. There was mild gingival overgrowth and inflammation in the frictionless group due to T-loop irritation. CONCLUSIONS: Extra anchorage considerations are needed during en masse retraction when frictionless mechanics is implemented as higher anchorage loss and molar rotation were detected. No difference in tip, torque, and root resorption was observed.

Management of Maxillary Impacted Teeth and Complex Odontome: A Review of Literature and Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Teeth impaction has become a common problem faced by orthodontic clinicians with the greatest incidence reported among third molars and maxillary canines. The great challenge lies in successfully treating these cases without deleteriously affecting the impacted as well as adjacent teeth while achieving acceptable functional and esthetic results. Several etiological factors have been associated with impactions including the presence of an odontome which is an asymptomatic odontogenic hamartomatous lesion. CASE REPORT: This article presents a detailed orthodontic assessment and treatment of a 16 years old female having impacted right maxillary lateral incisor and canine caused by complex odontome. CONCLUSION: Successful orthodontic treatment of multiple impactions can be achieved with minimal side effects even when odontomes are associated, through 3D radiographic examination, detailed evaluation as well as proper biomechanical control.