Six-Year Follow-Up of Immature Tooth Revascularization With Enamel Matrix Proteins.

Novel endodontic revascularization techniques have been considered as alternative options for treatment of immature teeth affected by apical periodontitis. The continuous development of the root canal has been recognized as a major advantage of these techniques over traditional apexification approaches. This article reports a case in which endodontic revascularization using extracellular matrix proteins (EMPs) as a scaffold was utilized to treat an immature maxillary lateral incisor with history of trauma and chronic apical periodontitis. The root canal was accessed and sequentially irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (2 mL, 5.25%), saline solution (10 mL), and gluconate chlorhexidine (10 mL, 0.12%). The root canal was then dried, filled with an antibiotic paste (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline), and sealed for 3 weeks. The antibiotic paste was then removed by irrigating the canal with NaOCl (10 mL, 5.25%). The intracanal scaffold was obtained by injecting a commercially available enamel EMP into the newly formed intracanal blood clot. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used to seal the scaffold in place, and a composite resin restoration was then placed using a universal restorative. At 3 and 72 months, clinical and radiographic analyses demonstrated short- and long-term success of the technique presented. The authors' findings indicate revascularization techniques are promising in the treatment of immature teeth with apical periodontitis. Longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to confirm the findings reported herein.

Autogenous bone graft with or without a calcium sulfate barrier in the treatment of Class II furcation defects: a histologic and histometric study in dogs.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created Class II furcation defects treated using an autogenous bone (AB) graft with or without a calcium sulfate (CS) barrier. METHODS: The second, third, and fourth mandibular premolars (P2, P3, and P4) of six mongrel dogs were used in this study. Class II furcation defects (5 mm in height x 2 mm in depth) were surgically created and immediately treated. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups: group C (control), in which the defect was filled with blood clot; group AB, in which the defect was filled with AB graft; and group AB/CS, in which the defect was filled with AB graft and covered by a CS barrier. Flaps were repositioned to cover all defects. The animals were euthanized 90 days post-surgery. Mesio-distal serial sections were obtained and stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome. Histometric, using image-analysis software, and histologic analyses were performed. Linear and area measurements of periodontal healing were evaluated and calculated as a percentage of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for statistical analysis (analysis of variance; P <0.05). RESULTS: Periodontal regeneration in the three groups was similar. Regeneration of bone and connective tissue in the furcation defects was incomplete in most of the specimens. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the evaluated parameters among the groups. CONCLUSION: Periodontal healing was similar using surgical debridement alone, AB graft, or AB graft with a CS barrier in the treatment of Class II furcation defects.

Effectiveness of two methods for preparation of autologous platelet-rich plasma: an experimental study in rabbits.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity and quality of platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples prepared using either the single- or the double-centrifugation protocol. METHODS: Ten adult white New Zealand rabbits were used. Ten ml of blood were drawn from each animal via cardiac puncture. Each blood sample was divided into two equal parts for PRP preparation: 5 ml of blood were centrifuged according to a single-centrifugation protocol (Group I), and 5 ml were centrifuged according to a double-centrifugation protocol (Group II). Manual platelet counts were performed on the whole blood and PRP samples of each group. Smears were also done on all samples in order to see the morphology of the platelets. The data obtained in the manual platelet count were submitted to statistical analysis (repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, P<.05). RESULTS: The average whole blood platelet count was 446,389/µl. The PRP samples in Group II presented an average platelet amount significantly higher than that of Group I (1,986,875 ± 685,020/µl and 781,875 ± 217,693/µl, respectively). The PRP smears from Group II were the only one to present platelets with altered morphology (75% of the smears). A few lymphocytes with increased cytoplasm were observed in the PRP smears of both Groups I (25% of the smears) and II (62.5% of the smears). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the double-centrifugation protocol resulted in higher platelet concentrations than did the single-centrifugation protocol. However, the double-centrifugation protocol caused alterations in platelet morphology and was more sensitive to small processing errors.

Treatment of gingival recessions associated to cervical abrasion lesions with subepithelial connective tissue graft: a case report.

Extensive gingival recessions associated with cervical abrasions are common among the population. Several different surgical and/or restorative therapies have been proposed to correct these lesions. This manuscript reports the treatment of multiple gingival recessions associated to cervical abrasions. The procedure involved the utilization of subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) combined with coronally advanced flap onto a previously restored root surface. At the postoperative follow-up visits, the success of the restorative/surgical approach was confirmed by the absence of bleeding to probing and periodontal pockets as well as presence of gingival tissue with normal color, texture and contouring. After 18 months of follow-up, the clinical conditions are stable with satisfactory root coverage and periodontal health. An excellent esthetical outcome was achieved and the patient is satisfied with case resolution.

Bone healing in critical-size defects treated with bioactive glass/calcium sulfate: a histologic and histometric study in rat calvaria.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze histologically the influence of bioactive glass (BG) with or without a calcium sulfate (CS) barrier on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A CSD was made in each calvarium of 48 rats. They were divided into three groups: C (control): blood clot only; BG: defect filled with BG; and BG/CS: defect filled with BG covered by a CS barrier. Animals were euthanized at 4 or 12 weeks. Formation of new bone was evaluated histomorphometrically. RESULTS: No defect completely regenerated with bone. BG particles were observed in Groups BG and BG/CS at both periods of analysis. The thickness throughout the healing area in Groups BG and BG/CS was similar to the original calvarium, while Group C presented a thin connective tissue in the center of the defect in both periods of analysis. At 4 weeks, Groups C and BG/CS presented significantly more bone formation than Group BG. No significant differences were found between Groups C and BG/CS. At 12 weeks, no significant differences in the amount of bone formation were observed among the three groups. When comparing 4 and 12 weeks, there was a significant increase in new bone formation within groups BG and BG/CS, but not C. CONCLUSION: BG particles, used with or without a CS barrier, maintained the volume and contour of the area grafted in CSD. However, they did not lead to a significant difference in bone formation when compared with control at 12 weeks post-operative.

Lesões endoperiodontias: considerações clínicas e microbiológicas / Endodontic-periodontal lesions: clinical and microbiological considerations

A polpa e o periodonto possuem uma estreita ligação entre si, e um pode interferir na saúde do outro. São vários os caminhos pelos quais essa interação ocorre; os principais são o forame apical, os canais acessórios, os canais laterais e os túbulos dentinários. Quando uma lesão acontece ao mesmo tempo na polpa e no periodonto de um dente, é denominada lesão endoperiodontal. Um correto diagnóstico é de suma importância para o estabelecimento do melhor plano de tratamento das lesões endoperiodontais. O tratamento delas consiste na terapia endodôntica, na terapia periodontal ou ambas. Similaridades são encontradas nas floras microbianas da polpa e do periodonto, mas os tipo microbianos existentes no canal são mais restritos do que os encontrados no periodonto. Neste artigo, uma revisão de literatura foi realizada com o objetivo de auxiliar no conhecimento clínico e microbiológico das lesões endoperiodontais. O presente trabalho fará uma breve revisão de literatura abordando os efeitos que os tecidos periodontal e pulpar podem exercer um sobre o outro, a fim de ajudar na escolha da melhor forma de tratamento

The pulp and the periodontium have a close link, and one can interfere with the health of the other. There are several ways by which this interaction occurs. The apical foramen, accessory canals, lateral canalsand dentinal tubules are the main path. When a lesion occurs in the same time in the pulp and periodontium, this lesion is called endoperiodontal lesion. A correct diagnosis is very important for establishing the best treatment of lesions. The treatment of these endoperiodontal lesions is in endodontic therapy, periodontal therapy or both. Similarities are found in bacterial flora of the pulp and the periodontium, but the bacterial types exist in the canal are more restricted than those of periodontium. In this article, a literature review was conducted. The goal was the knowledge of the clinical and microbiological diagnosis in endoperiodontal lesions. This work will make a brief review of literature addressing the effect that theperiodontal and pulpal tissues may have one on the other, in order to assist in choosing the best form of treatment