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1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 344, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519907

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: To answer to patients' medical wandering, often due to "unexplained symptoms" of "unexplained diseases" and to misinformation, multidisciplinary care centers for suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB), such as the 5 Tick-Borne Diseases (TBDs) Reference Centers (TBD-RC), were created a few years ago in France, the Netherlands and Denmark. Our study consisted of a comprehensive analysis of the satisfaction of the patients managed at a TBD-RC for suspected LB in the context of scientific and social controversy. METHODS: We included all adults who were admitted to one of the TBD-RC from 2017 to 2020. A telephone satisfaction survey was conducted 12 months after their first consultation. It consisted of 5 domains, including 2 free-text items: "What points did you enjoy?" and "What would you like us to change or to improve?". In the current study, the 2 free-items were analyzed with a qualitative method called reflexive thematic analysis within a semantic and latent approach. RESULTS: The answer rate was 61.3% (349/569) and 97 distinctive codes from the 2-free-text items were identified and classified into five themes: (1) multidisciplinarity makes it possible to set up quality time dedicated to patients; (2) multidisciplinarity enables seamless carepaths despite the public hospital crisis compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) multidisciplinarity is defined as trust in the team's competences; (4) an ambivalent opinion and uncertainty are barriers to acceptance of the diagnosis, reflecting the strong influence of the controversy around LB; and (5) a lack of adapted communication about TBDs, their management, and ongoing research is present. CONCLUSION: The multidisciplinary management for suspected LB seemed an answer to medical wandering for the majority of patients and helped avoid misinformation, enabling better patient-centered shared information and satisfaction, despite the context of controversy.


Assuntos
Doença de Lyme , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos , Adulto , Humanos , Pandemias , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/terapia , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Hospitalização
2.
BMC Infect Dis ; 23(1): 380, 2023 Jun 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37280565

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Because patients with a "suspicion of Lyme borreliosis (LB)" may experience medical wandering and difficult care paths, often due to misinformation, multidisciplinary care centers were started all over Europe a few years ago. The aim of our study was to prospectively identify the factors associated with the acceptance of diagnosis and management satisfaction of patients, and to assess the concordance of the medical health assessment between physicians and patients 12 months after their management at our multidisciplinary center. METHODS: We included all adults who were admitted to the Tick-Borne Diseases Reference Center of Paris and the Northern Region (TBD-RC) (2017-2020). A telephone satisfaction survey was conducted 12 months after their first consultation. It consisted of 5 domains and 13 items rated between 0 (lowest) and 10 (highest grade): (1)Reception; (2)Care and quality of management; (3)Information/explanations given to the patients; (4)Current medical condition and acceptance of the final diagnosis; (5)Overall appreciation. Factors associated with diagnosis acceptance and management satisfaction at 12 months were identified using logistic regression models. The concordance of the health status as assessed by doctors and patients was calculated using a Cohen's kappa test. RESULTS: Of the 569 patients who consulted, 349 (61.3%) answered the questionnaire. Overall appreciation had a median rating of 9 [8;10] and 280/349 (80.2%) accepted their diagnoses. Patients who were "very satisfied" with their care paths at TBD-RC (OR = 4.64;CI95%[1.52-14.16]) had higher odds of diagnosis acceptance. Well-delivered information was strongly associated with better satisfaction with the management (OR = 23.39;CI95%[3.52-155.54]). The concordance between patients and physicians to assess their health status 12 months after their management at TBD-RC was almost perfect in the groups of those with confirmed and possible LB (κ = 0.99), and moderate in the group with other diagnoses (κ = 0.43). CONCLUSION: Patients seemed to approve of this multidisciplinary care organization for suspected LB. It helped them to accept their final diagnoses and enabled a high level of satisfaction with the information given by the doctors, confirming the importance of shared medical decisions, which may help to reduce health misinformation. This type of structure may be useful for any disease with a complex and controversial diagnosis.


Assuntos
Doença de Lyme , Satisfação do Paciente , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/terapia , Europa (Continente) , Satisfação Pessoal
3.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 41(1): 21-27, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34417687

RESUMO

To characterize Lyme arthritis, with a focus on management, and outcome. Observational retrospective multicentre study in Western France, of all consecutive cases of Lyme arthritis, documented by Borrelia burgdorferi IgG on ELISA serological testing, confirmed by Western blot, with or without positive Borrelia PCR in synovial fluid, with no alternative diagnosis. We enrolled 52 patients (29 males), with a mean age of 43 ± 19.4 years. Most patients had monoarthritis (n = 43, 82.7%), involving the knee (n = 51, 98.1%), with a median delay between symptoms onset and Lyme arthritis diagnosis of 5 months (interquartile range, 1.5-8). Synovial fluid analysis yielded median white cell count of 16,000/mm3 (9230-40,500), and positive PCR in 16 cases (39%), for B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (n = 5), B. garinii (n = 5), B. afzelii (n = 3), and undetermined (n = 3). All patients received antibiotics, for a median duration of 28 days (21-30), with doxycycline (n = 44, 84.6%), ceftriaxone (n = 6, 11.5%), or amoxicillin (n = 2). Twelve patients (23.1%) also received intra-articular injection of glucocorticoids as first-line treatment. Of 47 patients with follow-up, 35 (74.5%) had complete resolution of Lyme arthritis. Lyme arthritis in Western Europe may be due to B. burgdorferi ss, B. afzelii, or B. garinii. Clinical presentation is similar to Lyme arthritis in North America (i.e. chronic knee monoarthritis), with low sensitivity of synovial fluid PCR (39%).


Assuntos
Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/classificação , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/genética , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/imunologia , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doença de Lyme/sangue , Doença de Lyme/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Lyme/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testes Sorológicos , Líquido Sinovial/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 26(10): 2513-2515, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32609083

RESUMO

Because of in vitro studies, hydroxychloroquine has been evaluated as a preexposure or postexposure prophylaxis for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and as a possible COVID-19 curative treatment. We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with sarcoidosis who was receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment and contracted COVID-19 despite adequate plasma concentrations.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/complicações , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antimaláricos/sangue , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , França , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/sangue , Masculino , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
J Clin Microbiol ; 53(3): 1034-7, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25568436
6.
Rev Prat ; 64(5): 634-9, 641-2, 2014 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24923046

RESUMO

Due to increases in the number of patients with implantable intracardiac devices, the incidence of infectious complications related to these devices gradually increases. These infections may affect the generator, and will be diagnosed upon local signs (erythema, suppuration, externalization). It may also affect intravascular leads, with general symptoms, and a risk of valvular endocarditis (tricuspid), pulmonary emboli, and secondary infectious focus. The diagnosis relies on cultures of samples from the generator site, the explanted material, and blood, as well as on trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE). The treatment requires explantation of all parts of the device, and appropriate use of antibacterial agents. Prosthetic valves endocarditis differ from native valve endocarditis in several aspects: it affects older patients with more comorbidities; coagulase negative staphylococci are more frequently involved; TEE is always necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up; prosthesis dehiscence is a common complication of paraprosthetic lesions; antibacterial regimens need to be reinforced; prognosis is worse. There is no significant difference between biological prosthesis (bioprosthesis), and mechanic valves regarding the risk to develop endocarditis, and its treatment.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/efeitos adversos , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/terapia , Remoção de Dispositivo , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocardite Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/terapia , Seguimentos , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias/complicações , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Hepatology ; 56(6): 2353-62, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22961755

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, positively correlates with acute hepatitis and chronic liver failure in mice and humans. IL-33 is expressed in hepatocytes and is regulated by natural killer T (NKT) cells during concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of IL-33 during acute hepatitis. The expression of IL-33 and its regulation by death receptor pathways was investigated after the induction of ConA-acute hepatitis in wildtype (WT), perforin(-/-) , tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)(-/-) , and NKT cell-deficient (CD1d(-/-) ) mice. In addition, we used a model of acute liver injury by administering Jo2/Fas-antibody or D-galactosamine-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in WT mice. Finally, the effect of TRAIL on IL-33 expression was assessed in primary cultured murine hepatocytes. We show that IL-33 expression in hepatocytes is partially controlled by perforin during acute liver injury, but not by TNFα or Fas ligand (FasL). Interestingly, the expression of IL-33 in hepatocytes is blocked during ConA-acute hepatitis in TRAIL-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In contrast, administration of recombinant murine TRAIL associated with ConA-priming in CD1d-deficient mice or in vitro stimulation of murine hepatocytes by TRAIL but not by TNFα or Jo2 induced IL-33 expression in hepatocytes. The IL-33-deficient mice exhibited more severe ConA liver injury than WT controls, suggesting a protective effect of IL-33 in ConA-hepatitis. CONCLUSION: The expression of IL-33 during acute hepatitis is dependent on TRAIL, but not on FasL or TNFα.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Hepatite Animal/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Concanavalina A , Proteína Ligante Fas/genética , Proteína Ligante Fas/metabolismo , Galactosamina , Expressão Gênica , Hepatite Animal/induzido quimicamente , Hepatite Animal/imunologia , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Interleucina-33 , Interleucinas/genética , Camundongos , Células T Matadoras Naturais , Perforina/genética , Perforina/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , RNA Mensageiro , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
8.
Rev Prat ; 73(2): 187-196, 2023 02.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36916263

RESUMO

LYME BORRELIOSIS. Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, transmitted to humans by a bite of ticks Ixodes. Prevention is based on simple measures to evict ticks, and on their rapid extractionin the event of a bite. The diagnosis of LB is based on 3 arguments: an exposure to tick bites; clinically compatible symptoms (cutaneous, neurological or rheumatological manifestations, +/- functional symptoms such as fatigue or polyarthromyalgia), evolving in 3 stages (early localized or erythema migrans, early or late disseminated LB); a positive two-tier serological test (ELISA +/- Western-Blot). Serology can be negative for the first 6 weeks, without excluding the diagnosis. Since serology can remain positive for life, evolution is only evaluated clinically. LB treatment is mainly based on doxycycline for 14 to 28 days, depending on the clinical stage and manifestations, without demonstrated interest in prolonging it, even if symptoms persist. Nonetheless their management is crucial as often responsible for medical wandering. Attentive listening to the patient is essential. The prognosis of LB in the medium-term is favorable, especially if they beneficiate of an early management.


BORRÉLIOSE DE LYME. La borréliose de Lyme (BL) est la maladie vectorielle la plus fréquente de l'hémisphère Nord. Elle est due à la bactérie Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, transmise à l'homme lors d'une piqûre de tique infectée du genre Ixodes. La prévention repose sur des mesures simples d'éviction des tiques, et sur leur extraction rapide en cas de piqûre. Le diagnostic de la BL est basé sur un trépied : une exposition aux piqûres de tiques ; une clinique compatible (manifestations cutanées, neurologiques ou articulaires, éventuellement accompagnées de symptômes fonctionnels comme une fatigue, des polyarthromyalgies…), évoluant en trois phases (localisée précoce ou érythème migrant, disséminée précoce et tardive) ; une sérologie positive en deux temps (ELISA +/- western-blot). La sérologie peut être négative les 6 premières semaines, sans exclure le diagnostic. La sérologie pouvant rester positive à vie, l'évolution est uniquement évaluée cliniquement. Le traitement de la BL repose principalement sur la doxycycline, pendant 14 à 28 jours selon le stade clinique et le type d'atteinte. Il n'y a pas d'intérêt démontré à prolonger l'antibiothérapie, même en cas de persistance de symptômes. Néanmoins la prise en charge de ceux-ci (réadaptation physique, thérapies brèves, etc.) est fondamentale car ils sont souvent à l'origine d'une errance médicale. Une écoute attentive du patient est essentielle. Le pronostic des BL à moyen terme est favorable, ce d'autant que leur prise en charge est précoce.


Assuntos
Ixodes , Doença de Lyme , Animais , Humanos , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Ixodes/microbiologia , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/terapia , Prognóstico
9.
J Med Microbiol ; 71(9)2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36094891

RESUMO

Prosthetic knee joint infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is uncommon and only one case of recurrent infection has previously been described. Here, we describe the case of a 77-year-old male patient who was admitted to the teaching hospital of Rennes (France) with bilateral and nocturnal gonalgia evolving for 1 month. He had bilateral knee prosthesis 10 years ago, and a history of large B-cell lymphoma in remission. A diagnosis of infective endocarditis, with prosthetic knee infection, was made, with positive cultures of synovial fluids and blood; colonies of E. rhusiopathiae were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Initial treatment involved debridement, implant retention surgery and intravenous amoxicillin (12 g day-1) for 6 weeks with gentamicin 3 mg kg-1 day-1 added for the first 4 days. One year later, a second episode of E. rhusiopathiae infection occurred, suggesting a recurrence or reinfection due to the same bacterial species. The patient was finally cured after a two-stage exchange with a cemented articulated spacer and a 3 month course of amoxicillin (12 g day-1, iv). Different characteristics of E. rhusiopathiae infection were discussed, with a review of all cases of prosthetic joint infections caused by Erysipelothrix species. This case highlights the need for a long-term survey of patients, and a good knowledge of their environment to avoid any risk of reinfection.


Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa , Infecções por Erysipelothrix , Erysipelothrix , Idoso , Amoxicilina , Animais , Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/diagnóstico , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Reinfecção
10.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed ; 215: 106624, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35051835

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lyme disease which is one of the most common infectious vector-borne diseases manifests itself in most cases with erythema migrans (EM) skin lesions. Recent studies show that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform well to identify skin lesions from images. Lightweight CNN based pre-scanner applications for resource-constrained mobile devices can help users with early diagnosis of Lyme disease and prevent the transition to a severe late form thanks to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Also, resource-intensive CNN based robust computer applications can assist non-expert practitioners with an accurate diagnosis. The main objective of this study is to extensively analyze the effectiveness of CNNs for diagnosing Lyme disease from images and to find out the best CNN architectures considering resource constraints. METHODS: First, we created an EM dataset with the help of expert dermatologists from Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center of France. Second, we benchmarked this dataset for twenty-three CNN architectures customized from VGG, ResNet, DenseNet, MobileNet, Xception, NASNet, and EfficientNet architectures in terms of predictive performance, computational complexity, and statistical significance. Third, to improve the performance of the CNNs, we used custom transfer learning from ImageNet pre-trained models as well as pre-trained the CNNs with the skin lesion dataset HAM10000. Fourth, for model explainability, we utilized Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping to visualize the regions of input that are significant to the CNNs for making predictions. Fifth, we provided guidelines for model selection based on predictive performance and computational complexity. RESULTS: Customized ResNet50 architecture gave the best classification accuracy of 84.42% ±1.36, AUC of 0.9189±0.0115, precision of 83.1%±2.49, sensitivity of 87.93%±1.47, and specificity of 80.65%±3.59. A lightweight model customized from EfficientNetB0 also performed well with an accuracy of 83.13%±1.2, AUC of 0.9094±0.0129, precision of 82.83%±1.75, sensitivity of 85.21% ±3.91, and specificity of 80.89%±2.95. All the trained models are publicly available at https://dappem.limos.fr/download.html, which can be used by others for transfer learning and building pre-scanners for Lyme disease. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the effectiveness of even some lightweight CNNs for building Lyme disease pre-scanner mobile applications to assist people with an initial self-assessment and referring them to expert dermatologist for further diagnosis.


Assuntos
Doença de Lyme , Dermatopatias , França , Humanos , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Aprendizado de Máquina , Redes Neurais de Computação
11.
Microorganisms ; 10(6)2022 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35744731

RESUMO

The optimal treatment for osteoarticular infection due to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains (MDR-OATB) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the diagnosis, management and outcome of MDR-OATB in France. We present a case series of MDR-OATB patients reviewed at the French National Reference Center for Mycobacteria between 2007 and 2018. Medical history and clinical, microbiological, treatment and outcome data were collected. Twenty-three MDR-OATB cases were reported, representing 3% of all concurrent MDR-TB cases in France. Overall, 17 were male, and the median age was 32 years. Six patients were previously treated for TB, including four with first-line drugs. The most frequently affected site was the spine (n = 16). Bone and joint surgery were required in 12 patients. Twenty-one patients (91%) successfully completed the treatment with a regimen containing a mean of four drugs (range, 2-6) for a mean duration of 20 months (range, 13-27). Overall, high rates of treatment success were achieved following WHO MDR-TB treatment guidelines and individualized patient management recommendations by the French National TB Consilium. However, the optimal combination of drugs, duration of treatment and role of surgery in the management of MDR-OATB remains to be determined.

12.
Rev Prat ; 71(10): 1113-1117, 2021 12.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35147372

RESUMO

BORRELIOSIS AND RELAPSING feverrelapsing fevers borreliosis (RFB) are caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia, within the spirochete's family, transmitted to Humans by arthropods (lice Pediculus humanus, soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, or hard ticks for one of them). The RFB transmitted by body lice is cosmopolitan and occurs during epidemics in the context of major crises (promiscuity, precarious hygiene conditions, food crises, etc.). RFB transmitted by ticks are distributed by region, according to the Borrelia species and the geographical repartition of the tick involved (sporadic transmission). The incubation period varies from 3 to 20 days. The first febrile phase lasts 3 days (1-14 days), followed by a phase of apyrexia with persistence of other clinical signs (skin rash, petechiae, headaches, agitation, polyarthromyalgia, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, etc.). The recurrence of fever occurs every 7 days on average. Bacteremia in the blood is abundant during fever allowing direct diagnosis by microscopy, Borrelia PCR or culture on a specific medium when available. The first-line treatment is doxycycline, except in case of neurological involvement (ceftriaxone). The mortality Rate varies from 2 to 5 % depending on the Borrelia Species involved. The outcome is usually good after treatment.


Borrélioses et fièvres récurrentes Les borrélioses récurrentes (br) ou fièvres récurrentes sont dues à des bactéries du genre borrelia, de la famille des spirochètes, transmises à l'homme par des arthro¬podes vecteurs (poux de corps, tiques molles, et tiques dures pour l'une d'entre elles). La br à poux est cosmo¬polite et transmise lors d'épidémies survenant dans le contexte de crises majeures (promiscuité, conditions d'hygiène précaires, crise alimentaire, etc.). Les br à tiques se répartissent par région, selon la borrelia en cause et la distribution géographique de leur tique vec¬trice. Le temps d'incubation varie de 3 à 20jours. La première phase fébrile dure 3jours (1-14jours), suivie d'une phase d'apyrexie avec persistance des autres signes cliniques (rash cutané, pétéchies, céphalées in¬tenses, agitation, polyarthromyalgies, douleurs abdomi¬nales, nausées/vomissements, etc.). La récurrence de la fièvre décrit une périodicité de 7jours en moyenne. La bactériémie est abondante lors des pics fébriles, permet¬tant de poser un diagnostic par examen direct en mi¬croscopie, pcr borrelia ou culture sur milieu spécial, quand celle-ci est possible. Le traitement repose sur la doxycycline, sauf pour les formes neurologiques (ceftriaxone). Le taux de mortalité varie de 2 à 5 % selon la borrelia incriminée. L'évolution est le plus souvent favorable après traitement.


Assuntos
Borrelia , Ornithodoros , Febre Recorrente , Animais , Borrelia/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Febre Recorrente/diagnóstico , Febre Recorrente/tratamento farmacológico , Febre Recorrente/epidemiologia
13.
Pathogens ; 10(8)2021 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34451436

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Most European and American countries recently updated their guidelines on Lyme borreliosis (LB). The aim of this study was to provide a comparative overview of existing guidelines on the treatment of LB in Europe and America and to assess the methodological quality of their elaboration. METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the national databases of scientific societies from 2014 to 2020. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. RESULTS: Twelve guidelines were included. The scores for the AGREE II domains (median ± IQR) were: overall assessment 100 ± 22, scope and purpose 85 ± 46, stakeholder involvement 88 ± 48, rigour of development 67 ± 35, clarity of presentation 81 ± 36, applicability 73 ± 52 and editorial independence 79% ± 54%. Cohen's weighted kappa showed a high agreement (K = 0.90, 95%CI 0.84-0.96). Guidelines were quite homogeneous regarding the recommended molecules (mostly doxycycline in the first intention and ceftriaxone in the second intention), their duration (10 to 28 days), and their dosage. The differences were due to the lack of well-conducted comparative trials. The International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) guidelines were the only ones to suggest longer antibiotics based on an expert consensus. CONCLUSION: European and American guidelines for the treatment of LB were quite homogeneous but based on moderate- to low-evidence studies. Well-conducted comparative trials are needed to assess the best molecules, the optimal duration and the most effective doses.

14.
J Clin Microbiol ; 48(7): 2541-5, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20463167

RESUMO

Disseminated toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening infection in transplant recipients, which results either from reactivation of latent infection or from organ-transmitted primary infection. Preventive measures and diagnostic screening methods differ between countries and are related to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma spp. in the general population. Here we report a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a heart transplant recipient with previous immunity that occurred after cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia was stopped. Quantitative PCR proved useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of Toxoplasma infection. Decreasing parasitic burdens in sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid correlated with a favorable outcome and allowed modulation of the immunosuppressive drug regimen. The duration of anti-Toxoplasma treatment and the need for maintenance prophylaxis are discussed, as well as prophylaxis for solid-organ transplant recipients. Although a rare event in heart transplant recipients, Toxoplasma reactivation must be investigated promptly, since early treatment improves the prognosis.


Assuntos
DNA de Protozoário/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico , Toxoplasmose/parasitologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
15.
Forensic Sci Int Genet ; 48: 102342, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32818722

RESUMO

We developed a new mutationally well-balanced 32 Y-STR multiplex (CombYplex) together with a machine learning (ML) program PredYMaLe to assess the impact of STR mutability on haplogourp prediction, while respecting forensic community criteria (high DC/HD). We designed CombYplex around two sub-panels M1 and M2 characterized by average and high-mutation STR panels. Using these two sub-panels, we tested how our program PredYmale reacts to mutability when considering basal branches and, moving down, terminal branches. We tested first the discrimination capacity of CombYplex on 996 human samples using various forensic and statistical parameters and showed that its resolution is sufficient to separate haplogroup classes. In parallel, PredYMaLe was designed and used to test whether a ML approach can predict haplogroup classes from Y-STR profiles. Applied to our kit, SVM and Random Forest classifiers perform very well (average 97 %), better than Neural Network (average 91 %) and Bayesian methods (< 90 %). We observe heterogeneity in haplogroup assignation accuracy among classes, with most haplogroups having high prediction scores (99-100 %) and two (E1b1b and G) having lower scores (67 %). The small sample sizes of these classes explain the high tendency to misclassify the Y-profiles of these haplogroups; results were measurably improved as soon as more training data were added. We provide evidence that our ML approach is a robust method to accurately predict haplogroups when it is combined with a sufficient number of markers, well-balanced mutation rate Y-STR panels, and large ML training sets. Further research on confounding factors (such as CNV-STR or gene conversion) and ideal STR panels in regard to the branches analysed can be developed to help classifiers further optimize prediction scores.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Y , Genética Forense/métodos , Haplótipos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Repetições de Microssatélites , Taxa de Mutação , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
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