Diagnosis and pathogenesis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis with optical coherence tomography.

This study shows how optical coherence tomography has been valuable in the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis. An infant with convergent strabismus underwent serial optical coherence tomography examinations that helped to make the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis. Optical coherence tomography is useful in the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis and adds new information about pathogenesis. The authors recommend the use of optical coherence tomography in pediatric retinal disease, even if the macula appears normal on indirect ophthalmoscopy.

Severe, permanent orbital disease in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

A 63-year-old man with HZO presented with involvement of cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, with proptosis, raised intraocular pressure, and chemosis. With the aid of orbital imaging, a diagnosis of orbital apex inflammation secondary to HZO was confirmed, and he was treated with intravenous acyclovir and oral steroids. Despite this, he made a minimal recovery at eight months following presentation. Severe, irreversible orbital disease may develop following HZO, and an ischemic vasculitis may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

The Peterborough scheme for community specialist optometrists in glaucoma: results of 4 years of a two-tiered community-based assessment and follow-up service.

AIMS: To report on results of an innovative glaucoma shared-care scheme based in Peterborough, UK. METHODS: A retrospective review of all new appointments with 11 community-based specialist optometrists in glaucoma (SOG) was conducted. There are two tiers of SOG, whereby tier 2 SOGs have increased levels of autonomy. All optometrist assessments were reviewed by a consultant ophthalmologist, and levels of agreement were calculated for assessment of optic nerve head appearance, Humphrey visual field test interpretation, diagnosis and outcome. RESULTS: 1639 new patients were assessed by SOGs over a 4-year period. The median waiting time for patients from referral to SOG assessment was 0 days (IQR 0-56), and from SOG assessment to consultant review in a virtual clinic was 12 days (IQR 8-18days). After first appointment, over 60% of patients were classified as low-risk and remained within the SOG scheme. Rates of frank disagreement between SOG and consultant regarding diagnosis and proposed outcome were 5.6 and 10.4%, respectively, for tier 2 SOGs and 15.3 and 28.6%, respectively, for tier 1 SOGs. CONCLUSIONS: The SOG scheme demonstrates acceptable levels of accuracy between SOG and glaucoma consultant. This scheme allows many stable low-risk patients to remain out of hospital eye department outpatient clinics.

Indocyanine green angiography in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated uveitis.

PURPOSE: To report indocyanine green (ICG) angiography findings in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated uveitis. METHODS: Review of the patient's clinical records. RESULTS: ICG angiography revealed dilatation of individual choroidal vessels in the early phase. Furthermore, two types of hypofluorescent areas became visible from the intermediate up to the late phase: the first type was small, round, and better defined, while the second type consisted of larger, ill-defined areas seen around fixation in the right eye and temporal to fixation in the left eye. These hypofluorescent areas were not visible on either clinical examination or fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The results of ICG angiography suggest choroidal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated uveitis.

Randomized Controlled Study of Ocular Lubrication Versus Bandage Contact Lens in the Primary Treatment of Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of bandage contact lenses (BCLs) in comparison with that of ocular lubricants (OLs) in the initial management of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 29 patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome presenting to the ophthalmology departments of the Oxford Eye Hospital and the Royal Berkshire Hospital, United Kingdom. The patients were randomized to wear either BCLs (for a 3-month duration, replaced every 30 days) or use OLs (4 times a day, with Lacri-Lube ointment at night for 3 months). The patients were assessed monthly for 4 months, and their symptoms were graded by visual analog scores. The main outcome measure was the complete resolution of symptoms with no noticeable corneal surface abnormality. Patients with a complete resolution were followed up for another 3 months to check for recurrence. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were randomized to the BCL arm, and 15 were randomized to the OL arm. After 3 months, a complete resolution was achieved in 71% of the patients (10/14) with BCLs compared with that achieved in 73% of the patients (11/15) on OLs (P > 0.05). Partial resolution was noted in 7% of the patients with BCLs versus 13% of the patients on OLs. Twenty-one percent of the patients in the BCL group and 13% of the patients in the OL group failed to respond to the treatment. Patients on BCLs had earlier resolution of symptoms, with a mean time of 5 weeks compared with 9 weeks for OLs (P = 0.02). None of the patients with BCLs developed adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS: BCLs do not increase the likelihood of complete resolution when compared with OLs in the initial management of RCES. However, BCL treatment seems safe, and some patients experience earlier relief from symptoms.

The moorfields safer surgery system.

This review presents the 'Moorfields Safer Surgery System', which is designed to improve the consistency and outcomes of trabeculectomy surgery. Evidence-based recommendations are made for each step of the surgery. This system requires a minimum of equipment and can be easily implemented by most surgeons. The system is ultimately designed to preserve the vision in our patients by minimising complications while maintaining a desired intraocular pressure.