[Profil course of SC sickle-cell patients in Dakar: a case-control study with SS sickle cell form]. / Profil evolutif de la drepanocytose SC A Dakar: étude cas-témoin avec la forme SS.

AIMS: The study aim to describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and evolutionary aspects of SC sickle cell patients compared to SS sickle cell disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We realized a case-control study of 12 months duration including 98 major sickle cell patients (49 SC and 49 SS sickle cell patients). SS sickle cell patients were randomly selected according to age and sex. Socio-demographic, clinico-biological and evolutionary data were noted for each patient. RESULTS: Mean age was 24.7 years (5 - 53). Sex ratio was 0.8. Mean number of transfusions was 0.06 of SC patients and 0.34 for SS patients (p=0.0008). Mean number of vaso-occlusive crisis per year was 2.24 of SC patients and 2.37 of SS patients (p=0.3). Mean basic hemoglobin level was 10.8 of SC patients and 7.8 of SS patients (p=0.0000). Priapism was found in 2.04% of SC patients and 4.04% of SS patients (p=0.3) and acute anemia in 2.04% of SC and 24.48% of SS patients (p=0.003); 26.53% of SC patients had a chronic complication compared to 18.36% of SS patients (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study shows that SC sickle cell patients are less symptomatology compared to SS patients, however they would develop more chronic complications from where the utility for regular follow-up.

BUTS: Le but de notre étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, clinico-biologiques et évolutifs des patients SC comparés aux patients SS. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude cas témoins d'une durée de 12 mois portant sur 98 patients (49 SC et 49 SS8). Les témoins SS étaient choisis de façon aléatoire après appariement selon l'âge et le sexe. Pour chaque patient nous avons noté les aspects sociodémographiques, clinicobiologiques et évolutifs. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen était de 24,7 ans (5 - 53). Le sex ratio était de 0,8. Le nombre moyen de transfusions était de 0,06 chez les SC et 0,34 chez les SS (p=0,0008). Le nombre moyen de CVO/an était de 2,24 chez les SC et 2,37 chez les SS (p=0,3). Le taux moyen d'hémoglobine de base était de 10,8 chez les SC et 7,8 chez les SS (p=0,0000). Le priapisme était trouvé chez 2,04% des SC et 4,04% des SS (p=0,3) et l'anémie aigue chez 2,04% des SC et 24,48% des SS (p=0,003); 26,53% des SC souffraient d'une complication chronique contre 18,36% des SS (p=0,0001). CONCLUSION: Cette étude montre que les drépanocytaires SC ont une symptomatologie moindre par rapport aux patients SS, cependant ils développeraient plus de complications chroniques d'où l'utilité d'un suivi régulier.

Efficacy and Safety of Manual Partial Red Cell Exchange in the Management of Severe Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in a Developing Country.

INTRODUCTION: The realization of red cell exchange (RCE) in Africa faces the lack of blood, transfusion safety, and equipment. We evaluated its efficacy and safety in severe complications of sickle cell disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Manual partial RCE was performed among sickle cell patients who had severe complications. Efficacy was evaluated by clinical evolution, blood count, and electrophoresis of hemoglobin. Safety was evaluated on adverse effects, infections, and alloimmunization. RESULTS: We performed 166 partial RCE among 44 patients including 41 homozygous (SS) and 2 heterozygous composites SC and 1 S/ß0-thalassemia. The mean age was 27.9 years. The sex ratio was 1.58. The regression of symptoms was complete in 100% of persistent vasoocclusive crisis and acute chest syndrome, 56.7% of intermittent priapism, and 30% of stroke. It was partial in 100% of leg ulcers and null in acute priapism. The mean variations of hemoglobin and hematocrit rate after one procedure were, respectively, +1.4 g/dL and +4.4%. That of hemoglobin S after 2 consecutive RCE was -60%. Neither alloimmunization nor viral seroconversion was observed. CONCLUSION: This work shows the feasibility of manual partial RCE in a low-resource setting and its efficacy and safety during complications of SCD outside of acute priapism.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of medical screening of blood donors on preventing blood transfusion-transmitted infectious agents]. / Évaluation de l'efficacité de la sélection médicale des donneurs de sang dans la prévention des agents infectieux.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of medical screening to retain blood donors in window period by comparing the seroprevalence of infectious agents (HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis) in deferred versus accepted blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective and transversal study was performed during 4 months in the National Blood Transfusion Center in Dakar (Senegal). We conducted a convenience sampling comparing the seroprevalence of infectious agents (HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis) in deferred versus accepted blood donors after medical selection. RESULTS: In total, 8219 blood donors were included. Medical selection had authorized 8048 donors (97.92%) and deferred donors were 171 (2.08%). The prevalence of HIV was higher in the deferred than in accepted blood donors (1.75% vs. 0.05%) (P=0.0003; OR=35.91), as well as for HBsAg (12.87% vs. 7.35%) (P=0.006; OR=1.86). HCV antibodies were present in 0.71% of accepted blood donors and 0.58% in deferred blood donors (P=0.65; OR=0.82). Only accepted donors had brought the infection of syphilis (0.34%) (P=0.56; OR=0). CONCLUSION: Medical selection is efficient to exclude blood donors at high risk of HIV transmission and to a lesser extent of HBV. However, current medical screening procedures do not allow us to exclude donors asymptomatic carriers of HCV and syphilis.