Effect of the kangaroo position on the electromyographic activity of preterm children: a follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: One of the components of the Kangaroo Method (KM) is the adoption of the Kangaroo Position. The skin-to-skin contact and the vertical position the child adopts when in this position may provide sensorial, vestibular and postural stimuli for the newborn. The Kangaroo Position may encourage vestibular stimuli and a flexed posture of the limbs, suggesting the hypothesis that the Kangaroo Position may have an impact on flexor muscle tone. The effect of these stimuli on the motor features of the newborn has not been the subject of much investigation. No study has yet been conducted to determine whether the Kangaroo Position may progressively increase electromyographic activity or whether this increase persists until term-equivalent age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Kangaroo Position on the electromyographic activity of preterm children. METHOD: A follow-up study was carried out between July and November 2011 at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife-Brazil, using a sample of 30 preterm children. Surface Eletromyography (SEMG) was used to investigate the muscle activity of biceps brachii. The electromyographic readings were taken immediately before (0 h) and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h of application of the Kangaroo Position as well as at the term equivalent age in each baby. Electromyographic activity was analyzed using the Root Mean Square (RMS) and the mean values of the times were analyzed by way of analysis of variance for repeated measures and the Tukey test. RESULTS: Electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii varied and increased over the whole 96h period (RMS:0 h = 36.5 and 96 h = 52.9) (F(5.174) = 27.56; p < 0.001) and remained constant thereafter (RMS: term-equivalent age = 54.2). The correlations between the corrected age and the values for electromyographic activity did not show any statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The Kangaroo Position leads to a growing increase in the electromyographic activity of preterm children's biceps brachii after up to 96 h of stimulation and this response persists until at least the 21st day after this period.

Effect of Kangaroo Position on microcirculation of preterm newborns: a controlled randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kangaroo Position (KP) in microcirculation (MC) of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns. METHOD: A controlled clinical trial was conducted in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 26 preterm children randomized in the Kangaroo Group (13) and in the Control Group (13). Assessments of blood flow, temperature, and tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) were made at two different times and in the biceps brachii muscle and hamstrings muscle group: before the KP and after 24 h of KP. In the Control Group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the Kangaroo Group. The mean values among the times were analyzed by paired t-test for repeated measures. The clinical trial was recorded in Clinical Trials (NCT03611088). RESULTS: In the Kangaroo Group there was an increase in tissue temperature and blood flow at the time evaluation periods (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no statistical difference between the recording moments hamstring muscles group, but in the biceps brachii, there was a reduction in mean blood flow (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the KP has effects on the microcirculation of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns.

Short-time effect of the kangaroo position on electromyographic activity of premature infants: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the short-term influence of the kangaroo position (KP) on the electromyography activity of preterm newborns. METHOD: A clinical study was conducted in a kangaroo unit sector (secondary and tertiary care) in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 44 preterm infants randomized to intervention (n=21) and control (n=23) groups. The KP was performed through a band that supports the newborn against the adult's thorax, in a prone and vertical position, and infants were dressed with few pieces of clothes, thus keeping skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Surface electromyography was used to investigate the muscle activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings. The randomization of the groups was performed by the program R® (v. 3.3.1). The electromyography registrations were made at three different times: before the KP and after one and two hours of KP. In the control group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the intervention group. The mean values of the electromyography activity among the times were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The clinical trial was recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02849665 - 07/28/2016). RESULTS: In the intervention group (n=21), there was a variation of the electromyography activity values between the three recording moments for both the biceps brachii and hamstrings. In the control group (n=23), there was no statistical difference between the recording moments for both. CONCLUSIONS: The KP increases the short-term electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings.

WITHDRAWN: Short-time effect of the kangaroo position on electromyographic activity of premature infants: a randomized clinical trial.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, https://doi.org/. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.

Funcionalidade de Crianças com Leucemia em Tratamento Quimioterápico / Functionality of Children with Leukemia in Chemotherapeutic Treatment / Funcionalidad de los Niños con Leucemia en Tratamiento con Quimioterapia

Introdução: A leucemia é o tipo de neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada em crianças no mundo, afetando-as em um período crítico do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Estando diagnosticadas com uma doença ameaçadora da vida, essas crianças necessitam, concomitantemente aos cuidados curativos, de cuidados paliativos. Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade de crianças com leucemia durante o tratamento quimioterápico e compará-la no início e depois de um ano de tratamento em curso. Método: Estudo de corte transversal, do tipo observacional analítico, com 37 crianças avaliadas por meio de entrevista com os pais, utilizando um formulário de pesquisa e o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI). A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes t de Student e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a funcionalidade de crianças no início e depois de um ano de tratamento, estando todas com a funcionalidade abaixo do esperado para a faixa etária. Conclusão: Como forma de evitar possíveis atrasos e/ou déficits irreversíveis no desenvolvimento dessas crianças, sugere-se a criação de um programa de reabilitação em cuidados paliativos nos serviços especializados para cuidar desse público desde o diagnóstico

Introduction: Leukemia is the most common type of neoplasm diagnosed in children in the world, affecting them in a critical period of their neuropsychomotor development. Once diagnosed with a life-threatening disease, those children need palliative care concurrently with curative care. Objective: Assess the functionality of children with leukemia during chemotherapy treatment and compare it at the beginning and after one year of ongoing treatment. Method: Cross-sectional observational analytical study with 37 children evaluated with interviews performed with their parents, utilizing an investigation form and the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI). The statistical analysis was carried out with Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results indicated there were no statistically significant differences in their functionality before and after 1-year treatment and all of them presented functionality bellow the expected for the age range. Conclusion: It is suggested the creation of a palliative care rehabilitation program for this group since the diagnosis as a way to avoid delays and/or irreversible deficits in the development of these children

Introducción: La leucemia es el tipo de neoplasia que se diagnostica con mayor frecuencia en niños de todo el mundo y los afecta en un período crítico del desarrollo neuropsicomotor. Al ser diagnosticados con una enfermedad potencialmente mortal, estos niños necesitan cuidados curativos concomitantes, cuidados paliativos. Objetivo: Evaluar la funcionalidad de los niños con leucemia durante el tratamiento de quimioterapia y compararla al inicio y después de un año de tratamiento en curso. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, tipo analítico observacional, donde se evaluó a 37 niños a través de entrevistas con los padres, utilizando un formulario de encuesta y el Inventario de Evaluación de la Discapacidad Pediátrica (PEDI). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando la prueba t de Student y la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: En los resultados, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la funcionalidad de los niños al inicio y al año de tratamiento, todos con una funcionalidad por debajo de lo esperado para su grupo de edad. Conclusión: Como forma de evitar posibles retrasos y/o déficits irreversibles en el desarrollo de estos niños, se sugiere la creación de un programa de rehabilitación en cuidados paliativos en servicios especializados para atender a este público desde el diagnóstico

Effect of Kangaroo Position on microcirculation of preterm newborns: a controlled randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kangaroo Position (KP) in microcirculation (MC) of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns. Method: A controlled clinical trial was conducted in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 26 preterm children randomized in the Kangaroo Group (13) and in the Control Group (13). Assessments of blood flow, temperature, and tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) were made at two different times and in the biceps brachii muscle and hamstrings muscle group: before the KP and after 24 h of KP. In the Control Group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the Kangaroo Group. The mean values among the times were analyzed by paired t-test for repeated measures. The clinical trial was recorded in Clinical Trials (NCT03611088). Results: In the Kangaroo Group there was an increase in tissue temperature and blood flow at the time evaluation periods (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no statistical difference between the recording moments hamstring muscles group, but in the biceps brachii, there was a reduction in mean blood flow (p = 0.023). Conclusion: In conclusion, the KP has effects on the microcirculation of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns.

Electromyographic activity of head and trunk muscles in newborns / Atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos da cabeça e do tronco em recém-nascidos

Abstract Introduction: The electric activity of muscles can be assessed using electromyography to determine their function and help identify possible delays in motor development. Objective: Determine the amplitude of the electromyographic activity of the head and trunk flexor and extensor muscles of term and preterm newborns. Method: This is a longitudinal pilot study where 20 preterm and 20 term newborns admitted to the Prof. Fernando Figueira Institute of Comprehensive Medicine were assessed. All the newborns were evaluated between 24 and 72 hours after delivery, with the premature children assessed a second time when term equivalent age was reached at 40 weeks. Data were recorded using a surface electromyograph and the electrodes were attached to the muscle bellies of the sternocleidomastoid, upper portion of the trapezius, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. Results: Comparison of the electromyographic activity between the preterm newborns showed significantly higher values in all the muscles when the group reached term equivalent age. Additionally, the electromyographic activity of the term group was greater than that obtained by the preterm newborns. Conclusion: With advancing age and maturation of the physiological systems, including the muscle system, preterm newborns tend to exhibit a similar muscle activation behavior to that of the term infants, resulting in better motor development.

Resumo Introdução: Atividade elétrica dos músculos pode ser avaliada através da eletromiografia que permite verificar com detalhes a função dos músculos e com isso auxiliar na identificação de possíveis atrasos do desenvolvimento motor. Objetivo: Determinar a amplitude da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos flexores e extensores da cabeça e do tronco de recém-nascidos a termo e pré-termo. Método: Estudo piloto, longitudinal, onde foram avaliados 20 recém-nascidos pré-termo e 20 recém-nascidos a termo admitidos no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira. Todos os recém-nascidos foram avaliados entre 24 e 72 horas após o nascimento, sendo as crianças prematuras avaliadas uma segunda vez quando atingiram a idade equivalente ao termo, com 40 semanas. O registro foi feito através de um eletromiográfo de superfície e os eletrodos colados nos ventres musculares do esternocleidomastoideo, porção superior do músculo trapézio, no reto abdominal e eretores da espinha. Resultados: A comparação da atividade eletromiográfica do grupo recém-nascidos pré-termo mostrou valores significativamente maiores em todos os músculos quando o grupo atingiu a idade equivalente ao termo. Também foi observado que a atividade eletromiográfica do grupo recém-nascidos a termo foi maior que a encontrada no grupo recém-nascidos pré-termo. Conclusão: Os recém-nascidos pré-termo com o avançar da idade e consequentemente maturação dos sistemas fisiológicos, dentre eles o muscular, tendem a ter um comportamento da ativação muscular similar a dos recém-nascidos a termo, assim permitindo um melhor desenvolvimento motor.

Short-time effect of the kangaroo position on electromyographic activity of premature infants: a randomized clinical trial / Efeito de curto prazo da posic¸ão canguru sobre a atividade eletromiográfica do prematuro: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective: To verify the short-term influence of the kangaroo position (KP) on the electromyography activity of preterm newborns. Method: A clinical study was conducted in a kangaroo unit sector (secondary and tertiary care) in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 44 preterm infants randomized to intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 23) groups. The KP was performed through a band that supports the newborn against the adult's thorax, in a prone and vertical position, and infants were dressed with few pieces of clothes, thus keeping skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Surface electromyography was used to investigate the muscle activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings. The randomization of the groups was performed by the program R® (v. 3.3.1). The electromyography registrations were made at three different times: before the KP and after one and two hours of KP. In the control group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the intervention group. The mean values of the electromyography activity among the times were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The clinical trial was recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02849665 - 07/28/2016). Results: In the intervention group (n = 21), there was a variation of the electromyography activity values between the three recording moments for both the biceps brachii and hamstrings. In the control group (n = 23), there was no statistical difference between the recording moments for both. Conclusions: The KP increases the short-term electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a influência de curto prazo da Posição Canguru (PC) sobre a atividade eletromiográfica de recém-nascidos prematuros. Método: Foi feito um estudo clínico em um setor da Unidade do Método Mãe Canguru (cuidado secundário e terciário) na cidade de Recife, com 44 neonatos prematuros randomizados em grupos de Intervenção (n = 21) e Controle (n = 23). A Posição Canguru foi feita por meio de uma faixa que apoia o recém-nascido de bruços contra o tórax do adulto, na posição vertical e vestido com poucas peças de roupa, mantém o contato pele a pele com a mãe. Foi usada a Eletromiografia Superficial para investigar a atividade muscular dos bíceps braquiais e músculos isquitobiais. A randomização dos grupos foi feita com o software R (versão 3.3.1)®. Os registros da eletromiografia foram feitos em três momentos: antes da PC e após uma e duas horas da Posição Canguru. No Grupo de Controle, os registros foram feitos nos momentos correspondentes àqueles do Grupo do Método Mãe Canguru. Os valores médios da atividade eletromiográfica entre esses momentos foram analisados pela análise de variância (Anova) de medidas repetidas e por um teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O ensaio clínico foi registrado no Clinical Trials (NCT02849665 - 28/07/2016). Resultados: No Grupo do Método Mãe Canguru (n = 21), houve variação dos valores da atividade eletromiográfica entre os três momentos de registro de atividade dos bíceps braquiais e dos músculos isquitobiais. No Grupo de Controle (n = 23), não houve diferença estatística entre os momentos de registro. Conclusões: A PC aumenta a atividade eletromiográfica de curto prazo dos músculos bíceps braquiais e isquitobiais.

Electromyographic activity of preterm newborns in the kangaroo position: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the electromyographic activity of preterm newborns placed in the kangaroo position with the activity of newborns not placed in this position. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: A Kangaroo Unit sector and a Nursery sector in a secondary and tertiary care at a mother-child hospital in Recife, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Preterm infants of gestational age 27-34 weeks (n=38) and term infants (n=39). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Surface electromyography was used to investigate muscle activity in the brachial biceps at rest. 3 groups were designed: (1) preterm newborns in the kangaroo position (PT-KAN), where the newborn remains in a vertical position, lying face down, with limbs flexed, dressed in light clothes, maintaining skin-to-skin contact with the adult's thorax. Her electromyographic activity was recorded at 0 h (immediately before starting this position), and then at 48 h after the beginning of the position (but newborns were kept in the kangaroo position for 8-12 h per day) and at term equivalent age (40±1 weeks); (2) preterm newborns not in the kangaroo position (PT-NKAN), in which measurements were made at 0 h and 48 h; and (3) term newborns (T), in which measurements were made at 24 h of chronological age. RESULTS: The Root Mean Square (RMS) values showed significant differences among groups (F(5,108)=56.69; p<0.001). The multiple comparisons showed that RMS was greater at 48 h compared to 0 h in the preterm group in the kangaroo position, but not in the group not submitted in the kangaroo position. The RMS in the term equivalent aged group in the kangaroo position was also greater when compared with those in the term group. CONCLUSIONS: The kangaroo position increases electromyographic activity in the brachial biceps of preterm newborns and those who have reached the age equivalent to term.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with subclinical peripheral neural alterations.

OBJECTIVE: Some case reports have suggested primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and peripheral polyneuropathy (PPN) are associated; however, there are no reports of studies examining this possible relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral nerve conduction in subjects with PHPT. METHODS: The study involved 17 patients with PHPT. Mean patient age was 60.5 ± 12.9 years, serum calcium concentration was 11.5 ± 1.0 mg/dL, and the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 315 ± 569 pg/dL. The control group comprised 17 individuals without PHPT. The mean age of controls was 60.8 ± 12.5 years and the serum calcium concentration was 9.8 ± 0.3 mg/dL. Motor and sensory nerve conduction was assessed by electroneurography (ENG). RESULTS: The following ENG parameters differed significantly between the PHPT and control groups: right (R) sural sensory nerve action potential conduction velocity (52.7 ± 6.3 m/s versus 58.0 ± 8.0 m/s; P = .041); R median compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude (7.4 ± 1.6 mV versus 8.9 ± 1.7 mV; P = .002); R median CMAP latency (4.3 ± 1.2 ms versus 3.6 ± 0.6 ms; P = .032); R tibial CMAP latency (4.2 ± 1.1 ms versus 3.3 ± 0.4 ms; P = .001). The neurological examination was normal in all patients. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate an association between PHPT and peripheral neurological alterations, consistent with subclinical sensory-motor PPN.

Atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial de recém nascidos pré-termo submetidos à posição canguru / The electromyographic activity of the brachial biceps muscle in preterm newborns placed in the kangaroo position

Avaliar o perfil da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial de recém nascidos pré-termo (RNPT) antes de realizarem a posição canguru e até 48h após a permanência nesta posição. MÉTODOS: coorte prospectivo, avaliando 20 RNPT internados no alojamento mãe canguru do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE. A atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial foi avaliada imediatamente antes de sua introdução à posição canguru, sendo acompanhados a cada 24h durante três dias consecutivos. O registro era feito no período de um minuto com eletromiógrafo. Eram colocados eletrodos auto-colantes entre o ponto motor e a junção miotendínea. Para comparação dos valores médios foi usado análise de variância para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: a atividade eletromiográfica diferiu estatisticamente entre os intervalos [F(3,67)=6,01; p=0,005], sendo que em 48 h foi maior do que em 0h, mas não em 24 h. CONCLUSÕES: a posição canguru é capaz de induzir um aumento da atividade eletromiográfica em crianças pré-termo...

To evaluate the profile of the electromyographic activity of the brachial biceps in preterm newborns (PTNBs) before being placed in the Kangaroo position and after 48 hours in this position. METHODS: a propspective cohort evaluating 20 PTNBs admitted to the Kangaroo Mother Unit of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE. The electromyographic activity of the brachial biceps muscle was evaluated immediately before being placed in the Kangaroo position and checked every 24h for three consecutive days. The measurement was taken for one minute using an electromyograph. Self-adhesive electrodes were placed between the motor point and the myotendinous junction. To compare the mean values, analysis of variance for repeated measurements was used. RESULTS: electromyographic activity differed to a statistically significant degree from one interval to another [F(3,67)=6,01; p=0,005], being greater after 48 h than at 0 h, but not after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: the Kangaroo position is capable of bringing about an increase in electromyographic activity in preterm children...

Relação entre as disfunções temporomandibulares e a postura da cabeça / Relationship between temporomandibular disorders and head posture

Introdução: As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) são definidas como um termo coletivo que abrange um grande número de problemas clínicos. Estudos atuais relatam que a prevalência da DTM é significativamente maior em mulheres. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a postura anterior da cabeça (PAC) e as DTMs em mulheres, para isso envolveu 28 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 e 26 anos. Métodos: Os dados foram interpretados utilizando o software Autocad 2007® para determinar a existência ou não de uma PAC entre as estudantes. Esses dados foram correlacionados às respostas obtidas por meio de um questionário. A análise estatística consistiu na aplicação da correlação produto-momento de Pearson. Resultados: Observou-se uma correlação entre as DTMs de origem artrogênica e miogênica com a PAC. Conclusão: A PAC pode estar relacionada ao desenvolvimento da DTM.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a collective term that encompasses a large number of clinical problems. Current studies report that the prevalence of TMD is significantly higher in women. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between forward head posture (CAP) and the TMDs in women, for it involved 28 females, aged between 18 and 26 years. Methods: Data were interpreted using the software AutoCAD ® 2007 to determine whether there is a CAP among the students. These data were correlated with responses obtained through a questionnaire. Statistical analysis consisted in applying the product-moment correlation of Pearson. Results: There was a correlation between the TMDs and myogenic arthrogenous source with the CAP. Conclusion: The CAP may be related to the development of TMD.

Capacidade laboral dos segurados do INSS portadores de LER/DORT que retornaram ao trabalho / Work ability assessment of professionals with Cumulative Trauma Disorders insured by social security who returned to work

Introdução: As lesões musculoesqueléticas são uma das principais causas de problemas de saúde relacionados ao trabalho. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade laboral de segurados do INSS com DORT que retornaram ao trabalho. Métodos: Selecionaram-se 22 trabalhadores do setor produtivo de uma unidade fabril da cidade de Campina Grande (PB) que foram afastados de suas atividades trabalhistas com diagnóstico de DORT que voltaram a trabalhar. Para medir a capacidade laboral, utilizou-se o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT). Resultados: Verificou-se, por meio do ICT, que dos 22 trabalhadores pesquisados, 4 (18,18%) obtiveram uma pontuação correspondente à capacidade laboral ?baixa?; 15 (68,18%), ?moderada?, e 3 (13,64%), ?boa?. Conclusão: A maioria dos trabalhadores, portanto, retornou ao trabalho com uma moderada capacidade laboral, de acordo com o ICT, o que sugere que devem ser tomadas medidas para melhorar a qualidade da reabilitação profissional promovida pelo INSS aos acometidos de doenças laborais.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of leading causes of work related ill health. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the work ability of Social Security (INSS) insured professionals who had repetitive strain injuries/work-related musculoskeletal disorders Cumulative Trauma Disorders and returned to work. Methods: The research targeted 22 workers of a Campina Grande (PB, Brazil) fabric factory?s production sector who were withdrawn for having a diagnosis of Cumulative Trauma Disorders and returned to work. The assessment tool used was the Work Ability Index (WAI). Results: According to the WAI, one verified that 4 (18.18%) out of the 22 workers achieved grades within the ?low? work ability; 15 (68.18%) showed ?average? work ability and 3 (13.64%) were within the ?good? work ability group. Conclusion: Therefore, most of these workers returned to work with average work ability according to the WAI. This bears out that actions toward improving the work ability, promoted by INSS, should be taken.