[Three-year follow-up study of clinical effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration]. / Klinicheskaya effektivnost' antiangiogennoi terapii neovaskulyarnoi vozrastnoi makulyarnoi degeneratsii po rezul'tatam trekhletnego nablyudeniya.

PURPOSE: The study analyzes long-term (three years) clinical effectiveness of anti-VEGF treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and attempts to identify the most clinically significant associations between the functional and structural parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 122 patients (122 eyes) diagnosed with nAMD, mean age -73.4±6.6 years old. Prospective follow-up lasted 144 weeks. All patients were treated with angiogenesis inhibitor (aflibercept 2 mg), and most of them (72.9%) - according to the Treat-and-Extend protocol. RESULTS: The average number of injections was 7.39±1.28, 4.63±0.97 and 4.06±0.81 during the first, second and third years of the follow-up, respectively. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.24±0.21. After three loading doses, BCVA increased to 0.33±0.26 (+0.09; 37.5%), by the end of follow-up BCVA was 0.35±0.27 (+0.11; 45.8%). Central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 314.89±88.07 µm to 234.4±42.8 µm (a 25.5% decrease) by the end of the follow-up. After three loading injections baseline functional and anatomical parameters had the most significant correlations (r≥0.7, p<0.05) with intraretinal fluid, ellipsoid zone integrity and the area of macular atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the morphological and functional outcomes by the end of the first year demonstrates the feasibility of preserving the results while reducing the number of visits and injections according to the Treat-and-Extend protocol. Achieving maximum improvement of functional parameters most significantly correlated with changes in such biomarkers as central retinal thickness, area of macular atrophy and integrity of the ellipsoid zone.

[Prognosis criteria of optical coherence tomography angiography for the long-term efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration]. / Prognosticheskie kriterii opticheskoi kogerentnoi tomografii-angiografii v otsenke dolgosrochnoi effektivnosti anti-VEGF-terapii neovaskulyarnoi vozrastnoi makulyarnoi degeneratsii setchatki.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the most significant optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in terms of predicting anti-VEGF therapy effectiveness during long-term (3-year) follow-up of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 122 patients (122 eyes) with mean age of 73.4±6.6 years who were diagnosed with nAMD. Subgroup analysis included 50 patients (50 eyes) with detailed OCT angiography examination of macular neovascularization (MNV) characteristics and their changes in the course of the follow-up, which lasted 144 weeks. All patients were treated by angiogenesis inhibitor (aflibercept 2 mg), most of them - according to Treat-and-Extend protocol. RESULTS: Treatment response (either 'good' or 'partial') was achieved in all patients, and the proportion of the response types was similar in both types 1 and 2 MNV. Key OCTA parameters associated with the number of injections, as well as morphological and functional response (best-corrected visual acuity, retinal neuroepithelium and pigment epithelium detachment), were vascular network area and MNV area assessed at baseline and three months after treatment initiation. Both of these parameters were closely related in both MNV types during the follow-up. Key parameter with maximum number of clinically significant correlations ('very high' strength, p<0.05) in eyes with 'good' response was MNV area, in eyes with 'partial' response - vascular density and greatest vascular caliber. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular network area and MNV area assessed at baseline and after three loading doses were determined as the most significant OCTA characteristics for predicting the number of injections and treatment response based on functional and morphological parameters. MNV area was found to be the most clinically significant marker in 'good' response, vascular density and greatest vascular caliber - in 'partial' response.

[Analysis of the quality of preventive examinations of children (according to the survey of dentists)]. / Analiz kachestva provedeniya profilakticheskikh osmotrov detei (po dannym anketirovaniya vrachei-stomatologov).

OBJECTIVE: To improve the methodology for conducting preventive examinations of children by a dentist by identifying and preventing the risks of achieving their qualitative results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A test version of the questionnaire was created, which was tested in a pilot study to assess validity and correction. A survey of 100 general dentists in Smolensk, Kaluga, Kaliningrad, Tula, who had previously participated in preventive dental examinations of children, was conducted. Questions were asked regarding the problems of organizing inspections, training, proposals for improving inspections. A comparative analysis of the risks of reducing the quality of examinations for each of the regions was carried out, proposals were made to improve the organization and conduct of medical examinations of children. RESULTS: As a result of the survey, a significant similarity of opinions of dentists in four cities of the Russian Federation on the problems and risks of annual preventive examinations of children was established. Among the weaknesses of the process, one should highlight the lack of time to examine the child; lack of specialized premises and a nurse; the absence of a unified form of a dental preventive examination card. This reduces the quality of diagnostics and continuity of medical care. Self-assessment by general practice dentists of their training in relation to diagnostics in children demonstrated a low level of knowledge of the issues of bite pathology, oral mucosa, and age periods of the dentoalveolar system. The lack of medical knowledge of more than 70% of doctors involved in preventive examinations of children is a key risk that requires immediate corrective action. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are the basis for the recommendation of advanced training of dentists at least once every three years on the subject of preventive examinations of children. The process of dental medical examination of the child population needs to be corrected at the legislative and executive levels.

First morphological and phylogenetic data on Ligophorus kaohsianghsieni (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Japan and molecular evidence of deep divergence of sympatric Ligophorus species parasitizing Planiliza haematocheilus.

Ligophorus kaohsianghsieni (Gusev, ) Gusev, was collected from the so-iuy mullet Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Japan. DNA sequences data for L. kaohsianghsieni, as well as its morphological characters from the Sea of Japan were obtained for the first time. Significant morphometric and genetic diversity between specimens of L. kaohsianghsieni from the Black-Azov Sea region and the Sea of Japan were not found. For the first time, the molecular phylogeny of L. kaohsianghsieni based on three fragments of the nuclear DNA ribosomal cluster (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 28S) was reconstructed. Molecular analysis of Ligophorus species from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans revealed a significant phylogenetic distance between L. kaohsianghsieni and two others species (Ligophorus pilengas and Ligophorus llewellyni) from the same host (P. haematocheilus) and region. This result indicates the lack of correspondence between the phylogenetic and geographical closeness of the hosts and the relation of their parasites from the genus Ligophorus.

Neuromuscular organization and haptoral armament of Polyclithrum ponticum (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae).

Most gyrodactylids have a haptor armed with a pair of hamuli, two connecting bars and 16 marginal hooks. In some gyrodactylids, however, the haptor is disc-shaped and reinforced by additional sclerites. The genus Polyclithrum has arguably the most elaborate haptor in this group. This study aimed to gain better understanding of the anatomy of Polyclithrum by examining neuromusculature and haptoral armament of Polyclithrum ponticum, a species parasitizing Mugil cephalus in the Black Sea, with emphasis on haptoral sclerites and musculature in connection with host-attachment mechanisms. Musculature was stained by phalloidin, the nervous system by anti-serotonin and anti-FMRFamide antibodies, and haptoral sclerites were visualized in reflected light. The study provided new information on sclerites: in addition to previously described supplementary sclerites (A1-6), ear-shaped sclerites (ESSs) and two paired groups of ribs, reflected light revealed a rod-shaped process on the ESSs and a pair of small posterior sclerites. The sclerites were shown to be operated by 16 muscles, the most prominent of which were two transverse muscles connecting the hamular roots, three muscles attached to sclerite A2, the muscle fibres of anterior ribs and a set of extrinsic muscles. The nervous system consists of a pair of cerebral ganglia connected by a commissure and three pairs of nerve cords that unite in the haptor to form a loop between the opposite cords. The arrangement of sclerites and muscles suggests that Polyclithrum initiates the attachment by clamping a host's surface with longitudinally folded haptor and then secures its position with marginal hooks.

Morphological and genetic variability of the cryptic Gyrodactylus sphinx and Gyrodactylus gerasevi n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea: two new members of the cross-ocean distributed Gyrodactylus orecchiae species group.

Gyrodactylus sphinx Dmitrieva & Gerasev, 2000 is the only species of Gyrodactylus originally described from Aidablennius sphynx (Valenciennes) in the Black Sea. In the present study, monogeneans similar to G. sphinx are reported from the same host and from two other species of Blenniidae from the Black Sea, as well as from the Mediterranean Sea. This study aims to verify the taxonomic status of the specimens found in different hosts and localities, other than the type ones of G. sphinx. Twenty-two measurements of the haptoral structures of 169 gyrodactylids were used for the morphological study. Morphometric variability between different samples was analysed using analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Molecular studies were carried out using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions. Network, Bayesian phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses were performed to infer the number of taxonomic units and the phylogeographic relationships occurring within and among them. MANOVA revealed a significant dependence of the morphometry of hamuli and marginal hooks on host species and regions, but a clear differentiation between samples was not confirmed by PCA. Moreover, the ranges of all dimensions overlapped between samples. However, molecular analyses suggested the occurrence of at least two taxonomic entities. The most common entity was present in individuals of the Black and Mediterranean seas, and is described here as Gyrodactylus gerasevi n. sp., whereas a second entity recognized as a G. sphinx was found only in individuals from two localities off Crimea. The monophyletic cluster grouping of these two species was placed within a large clade that also included a separate sister cluster with seven other species of the Gyrodactylus orecchiae cross-ocean species group.

[New findings on pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of age-related macular degeneration]. / Novye dannye o patogeneticheskikh mekhanizmakh razvitiya vozrastnoi makulyarnoi degeneratsii.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease that occurs due to disfunction and degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, as well as death of photoreceptors. The exact pathogenetic mechanism remains uncertain. The aging process is the main and the clearest risk factor of AMD. In the development of this condition, a special role belongs to the secretory phenotype of aging spreading from one cell to another and mediated by the secretion and release of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and other molecules. Another major contributor is oxidative stress caused by violations in the recirculation of vitamin A in the vision cycle and accompanied by accumulation of lipofuscin, which mediates the formation of iron-based oxidants that are toxic for mitochondria. Furthermore, prolonged oxidative stress and constant light exposure induce the development of inflammation in the retina. Accumulation of metabolic products and cellular defects with age can induce an inflammatory reaction that amplifies the damage. The inflammatory processes including innate immune response, activation of microglia and parainflammation that occur locally in the vascular membrane, pigment epithelium and neuroretina are very significant contributors to the age-related changes, their progression, and the development of advanced stages of AMD. Various growth factors play a special role in the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) has traditionally been considered the main factor of neoangiogenesis and, consequently, the main therapeutic target, but in recent years various studies have determined the role of other factors - VEGF-B, C, D, PGF, Gal-1, angiopoietins. This article describes the main underlying mechanisms in the development of choroidal neovascularization including retinal aging, impaired metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory reactions and genetic variations, as well as the role of various growth factors.

Specific features of T- and NK-cellular immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Profound immunological dysfunction is the key factor determining the development of infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this work is to assess the features of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes (T-helpers (Th), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tcyt), T regulatory cells (Treg), T-NK cells, naive Th, Th-memory, activated T-lymphocytes, TCRγδ cells) and NK cells in peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and receiving ibrutinib therapy. Hematological and immunophenotypic studies have been performed in 30 patients with previously untreated CLL, 122 patients on ibrutinib therapy and 20 healthy donors. The subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes (Th, Tcyt, Treg, T-NK, naive T-helpers, memory T-helpers, TCRγδ cells, activated T-lymphocytes) and NK cells has been assessed on flow cytometer (FACSCanto II (BD)) using the following panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD45, CD19, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, TCRγδ, CD127, CD16, CD56, CD57 CD45RA, CD45R0, HLA-DR, CD25. Compared to controls all CLL samples were found to have higher the absolute number of T-lymphocytes, NK cells and their subpopulations, T-helpers (especially of memory T-cells), cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells, TCRγδ T-cells, activated T-lymphocytes, increased cytotoxic potential of NK cells in previously untreated CLL patients. Patients who received ibrutinib therapy have registered a positive trend towards recovery of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes and NK-cells. CLL patients have been found to have quantitative and functional changes in the subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and NK cells, indicating dysregulation of the immune response, and a high risk of developing infections. Monitoring of immunological parameters for ibrutinib therapy make possible to estimate impact of ibrutinib on the adaptive anti-CLL immune response.

[Integrated assessment of hygienic condition of the oral cavity]. / Problemnye voprosy otsenki gigienicheskogo sostoyaniya polosti rta i ikh klinicheskoe reshenie.

THE AIM: To identify the problematic issues of assessing the hygienic state of the oral cavity and the clinical development of possible algorithms for their solution using our modified, highly sensitive (up to 150 CFU/ml versus 5·106-5·108 CFU/ml), objective (2-3% error) method fluorescence spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a clinical study on 20 patients of working age, it was shown that the authors modified fluorescence spectroscopy method allows each patient to individually perform a comprehensive digital express indication and objective analysis of the oral hygiene state based on express registration and analysis of the entire aggregate of aerobic-anaerobic microflora of various oral biotopes (biotope teeth, lips, gums, cheeks, palate, tongue and saliva) online. RESULTS: Integral indicators of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in individuals with satisfactory oral hygiene before and after brushing have been obtained, which describe the hygienic state of both the oral cavity as a whole and individual biotope in their relationship. CONCLUSION: The results made it possible to substantiate a more objective quantitative methodology for assessing the hygienic state of the oral cavity for the implementation of its individually substantiated clinical use with the identification of the biotope (biotopes) of the mouth, which is the main source of its pollution.

[Significance of comorbidity for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an uncurable disease, in which the age, number and severity of comorbidities primarily determine the choice of therapeutic tactics and objectives. AIM: To evaluate actual comorbidity and polymorbidity in patients with CLL and a possible relationship between the diseases and comorbidities that are considered concurrent and side effects of the administered treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of two parts. In a retrospective study, we analyzed records of patients with CLL from the Registry for Diagnostics and Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Diseases. In addition, we thoroughly evaluated and prospectively followed up 124 patients in the course of their preparation to a new stage of CLL tratement. RESULTS: Examining data from the Russian Registry for Diagnostics and Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Diseases (n=1361) showed that in Russia, the age of patients with newly diagnosed CLL has increased in the recent decade with the increase in life span, which might change the comorbidity structure. Comparing retrospective and our own data (n=124) showed that diagnoses of concurrent diseases are often recorded formally (p3 suggested a poor prognosis for patients with CLL. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities in patients with CLL require participation of different medical specialists working in a close contact with oncohematologists.

[INDUCTION OF EFFECTORS OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE PROCESS OF THERAPY OF TOPIC FORM OF RECOMBINANT INTERFERON- α2b DURING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT].

AIM: Study immunologic phenotype of lymphocytes in the process of therapy of topic form of recombinant interferon-α2b during respiratory infections in pregnant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 74 pregnant women from 14 weeks of gestation took part in the study, among them 55 - within 24 hours with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) of light and me- dium, severe course of infection, who do not need hospitalization. Group I - 34 pregnant womenwithARI receivingbasic therapywith human recombinant interferon-(α2b in gelform. Group II - 21 pregnant with ARI receiving only basic therapy. Control group had 19 pregnant women without signs of ARI. Relative content of principle lymphocyte subpopulations was studied by flow cytofluorimetry: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD19+, CD3- CD16+56+, CD3-CD8+; immune regulatory indexwas calculated inblood within 24 hours from the onset of the disease and 8 - 10 days later. RESULTS: A disbalance of lymphocyte sub- populations was noted in pregnant women with light or medium severity course of acute respiratory infections, that was characterized by an increased content of CD3-CD16+56+ and CD3+CD8+, as well as a reduced content of CD3+ and CD3+CD8+. Inclusion of a topical form of recombinant interferon-α2b during the first days of development ofthe disease has a systemic effect on cell immunity and results in normalization of subpopulation compo- sition of blood lymphocytes that is characteristic for physiological course of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Administration of topic form of recombinant interferon in pregnant with light or medium severity of ARI can be accompanied by activation of factors of innate and adaptive immunity.

[Influence of the Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen on Embryonic Development of the Common Toad (Bufo bufo)].

Several series of experiments investigating the influence of dissolved oxygen concentrations on the growth rates and mortality in the embryogenesis of the common toad Bufo bufo were carried out. The experiments showed that, when the eggs develop singly, the lack of oxygen does not lead to an increase in mortality by the time of hatching and results only in a change in the dynamics of mortality: mortality occurs at an earlier stage of development than in the conditions of normal access to oxygen. Taking into account the combined effect of the density of eggs and the dissolved oxygen concentration, we increase the accuracy of analysis of the experimental results and improve the interpretation of the results. In the conditions of different initial density of eggs, the impact of the concentration of dissolved oxygen on mortality and rates of development of the common toad embryos is manifested in different ways. At high density, only a small percentage of embryos survives by the time of hatching, and the embryos are significantly behind in their development compared with the individuals that developed in normal oxygen conditions. The lack of oxygen dissolved in the water slows down the development of embryos of the common toad.

[Correlation between Sensory Gating P50, Mismatch Negativity, and Reaction Time].

This paper is about the correlation pre-attentive processes, such as P50 sensory gating (SG P50) and mismatch negativity (MMN) with each other and with sensorimotor reaction time (RT). SG P50 data were obtained in the standard paired-click paradigm, MMN was measured in the passive odd-ball paradigm sensorimotor reaction time was studied in an active odd-ball paradigm. Was obtained positive correlation sensory gating P50 with amplitude mismatch negativity, amplitude mismatch negativity with sensorimotor reaction time, sensory gating P50 with sensorimotor reaction time.

[On psychologic profile of locomotive crew workers in Russian Railways JSC and its role in accidents prevention].

The article covers personality characters of locomotive crew workers of Russian Railways JSC, and specifying a block of methods for psychologic support of these workers' occupational activities. According to the results obtained, the authors presented a thorough description of characterologic, motivational personality traits characterizing a select of locomotive crew workers, and analyzed a relationship between the traits and levels of accidents in the workers' occupational activity.

Evaluation of ATP content in hair bulbs in human scalp.

The content of ATP in scalp hair bulbs in humans was measured in the hair roots from 15 healthy volunteers. Light and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of outer and an inner root sheaths in the root of pulled out anagen hair. Incubation of samples in buffer solution led to extraction of ATP, which was measured by the chemiluminescent method. Mechanic disintegration of hair bulbs and their freezing-defrosting did not increase ATP output. The results of microscopy indicated that ATP extraction procedure was associated with separation of the outer radical sheath from the inner one without impairing the structure of the inner sheath. The mean content of ATP was 12 ± 2 pmol per bulb. The use of pulled out hair bulbs for ATP measurements simplified the procedure as involved no surgical removal of follicles.

[Safety criteria for blood refusion in military field surgery and trauma surgery].

Massive intracavitary hemorrhage in case if severe concomitant injury is the most frequent cause of death. Necessity of blood loss replacement requires effective and safe methods. One of them is blood reinfusion - technically less complicated method. The article shows advantages of using the hardware and filtration methods of blood sampling and reinfusion, developed scale rapid diagnosis of the level of hemolysis of autologous blood. Using of the method of filtration blood sampling provides 2X minimal amount of free hemoglobin than using an aspirator and reinfusion of blood with the contents therein to free hemoglobin 2.0g/ L prevents the risk of developing the syndrome and massive blood transfusion reduces the incidence of deaths at 11%. In patients with massive intracavitary hemorrhage it is advisable to use the method of semi-quantitative rapid analysis of free hemoglobin color scale.

Determination of oxprenolol, methandienone and testosterone in meat samples by UHPLC-Q-ToF.

The presence of some drugs in meat samples can cause threat to human health, therefore, its analysis is highly desirable for food safety purposes. In this work, a solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of oxprenolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, and such anabolic agents as methandienone and testosterone in beef meat samples has been developed. Extraction conditions were optimized to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy of the results. The procedure was validated using meat samples free from target analytes. As a result, high selectivity and sensitivity were observed with the detection limits between 0.25 and 1.25 ng/g, and the results were not affected by matrix components. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of real beef samples purchased in the market, and the results have revealed the presence of contaminated samples. The concentration of oxprenolol in the contaminated sample was 7 ng/g, methandienone content in the sample was 30 ng/g, while testosterone level was 4 ng/g.

[Structure and dynamics of depressive disorders in patients with a new coronavirus infection]. / Struktura i dinamika depressivnykh rasstroistv u patsientok, perenesshikh novuyu koronavirusnuyu infektsiyu (COVID-19).

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dynamics of depressive disorders in patients who underwent COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included female patients (n=30) with mean age 35.4±3.0 years, who received inpatient treatment of depressive spectrum symptoms in accordance with ICD-10 rubrics F31-F34 and who have undergone COVID-19 (U04.9, U07.1, U07.2). Clinical-psychopathological and statistical methods were used. RESULTS: Among all patients, who underwent inpatient treatment for affective disorders, the most common symptoms were: low mood (96.7%), anxiety (83.3%), decreased interest in daily activities (40%), loss of appetite (36.7%). In patients who have had depressive symptoms before COVID-19, an increase in the number of affective spectrum symptoms (suicidal thoughts - 83.3%), as well as in asthenic manifestations in the form of increased fatigue (60%), sleep disorders (73.3%), feelings of fatigue, weakness (60%), emotional lability (40%). CONCLUSION: In patients with depressive disorders who underwent COVID-19, hypothymia is most often accompanied by anxiety, suicidal thoughts, as well as asthenic manifestations in the form of fatigue, sleep disturbances, and emotional lability. An increase in the number of asthenic spectrum symptoms in patients with depressive disorders may indicate a possible link between COVID-19 and affective pathology. The impact of coronavirus infection on the structure and dynamics of depressive disorders requires further study, taking into account the severity of affective symptoms, the impact of psychopharmacotherapy, and the severity of the infectious disease.

[Perception features of emotional intonation of short pseudowords].

Reaction time and recognition accuracy of speech emotional intonations in short meaningless words that differed only in one phoneme with background noise and without it were studied in 49 adults of 20-79 years old. The results were compared with the same parameters of emotional intonations in intelligent speech utterances under similar conditions. Perception of emotional intonations at different linguistic levels (phonological and lexico-semantic) was found to have both common features and certain peculiarities. Recognition characteristics of emotional intonations depending on gender and age of listeners appeared to be invariant with regard to linguistic levels of speech stimuli. Phonemic composition of pseudowords was found to influence the emotional perception, especially against the background noise. The most significant stimuli acoustic characteristic responsible for the perception of speech emotional prosody in short meaningless words under the two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without background noise, was the fundamental frequency variation.

Russian Science and Technology: Rise or Progressive Lag (Part I).

The article proposes an approach to a comprehensive assessment of the level of scientific and technological activity in Russia in comparison with leading foreign countries. An analysis has been made of the current imbalances in the development of the scientific and technological sphere in Russia and the reasons for the failure to fulfill many strategic goals. A forecast of scientific and technological development in the context of the existing management system has been made and an assessment has been taken of the potential effect and cost of measures aimed at increasing the technological sovereignty of Russia and the formation of an advanced knowledge economy.