Modern state of problem of delivery of medicines with use of erythrocytes as cell-carriers.

Erythrocytes are prospective carriers of wide range of medicines and other biologically active agents. Main peculiarity and advantage of erythrocytes as carriers of medicines is their absolute bio-compatibility and ability for long circulation in an organism. While growing old these cells undergo natural process of biodegradation. Relatively inactive endocellular environment protects carried medicine from being inactivated by different endogenous factors. At the present time different methods of loading medicines in erythrocytes are used: electroporation, induced endocytosis, osmotic pulse hematolysis, hypotonic hematolysis. Most of these methods are based on the ability of these cells for reversible deformation of the surface without changing area of surface. Introduction of medicines in erythrocytes can be conducted in natural way as a result of their sorption on cell membrane. Different medicines can be used as the objects for targeted transport: antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, corticosteroids, peptides, enzymes etc. extracorporeal pharmacotherapy with use of erythrocytes as carriers can be applied in the treatment of different diseases. Range of used medicines and provided possibilities is quite wide at a present time, but further development of this direction is very prospective. The aim of the authors was to outline a common concept of the potential of erythrocytes as universal transportation means of medicines for therapy of different pathological conditions.

[Taste perception during clinical symptom complex of gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Taste perception is an important criterion for the state of the oral mucous membrane in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The tongue, as an organ of taste, is characterized by serious changes in the functional state after injury with acid-containing substrates due to reflux. The specific features of taste perception and possibility for their correction were studied in 75 patients with this disorder. The type of changes in activity of tongue taste receptors and taste thresholds in patients before and after therapy were estimated by means of advanced gustometry and functional mobility technique. Specific changes in sensory function of the oral cavity were shown to be associated with acid aggression. Our results illustrate the possibility of taste correction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Taking into account some features of the general disease, it can be concluded that the introduction of Parodontax-F toothpaste and Emalan into combined therapy is accompanied by the improvement of taste perception. Correction of dysgeusia is an important criterion for the improvement of the quality of life of patients.

[The quality control of nutrient medium in laboratory bacteriologic diagnostics of diphtheria].

The article deals with the results of studying the growth characteristics of nine nutrient mediums for primary plating of pathologic material. It is demonstrated that for successful and proper functioning of bacteriologic laboratory providing bacterial analysis for diphtheria the permanent quality control is needed to monitor the nutrient mediums for primary plating. The quality control is applied to evaluate the growth characteristics on such criteria as germination of isolated culture, intensity of its growth in 24 and 48 hours, optimal size of colonies characterized by their cultural characteristics, inhibiting activity concerning concurrent microflora.

[Mineral bone density and mineral exchange status in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) development and course are closely related with somatic pathology. Systemic factors (Ca-regulating hormones level including) influence jaw bone tissue metabolism by resorptive processes reinforcing. We determined the degree of skeletal bone tissue mineralization and the level of Ca-regulating hormones in women with CGP of reproductive age and in postmenopausal period. According to our data the women with severe CGP of reproductive age had normal values of sceletal mineral bone density in cases of Ca-regulating hormones level and Ca-homeostasis changes.

[Experience of the osteoplastic material Osteoplast-K use for surgical interventions on parodontal tissues].

Information of the composition and properties of osteoplastic material based on sulphated glycosammoglykans (Osteoplast-K) is given, results of the material use in cases of surgical interventions on parodontium are presented.

[Periodontal tissues state in patients with systemic osteoporosis].

The results of the study of periodontal tissues in patients with systemic osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The reduction of bone density in the region of interalveolar septa, insignificant bone tissue loss of the horizontal type and pathological teeth mobility were reported.

[Lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis and prognosis of post-mastectomy edema of the extremities]. / Limfostsintigrafiia v diagnostike i prognozirovanii postmastéktomicheskogo oteka konechnosti.

Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy provides adequate means for in vivo contrast-enhanced examination of functional lymph collectors in the extremeties which in turn offers best advantage in diagnosing post-mastectomy edema of the arms. A comparative study was concerned with lymph flow in healthy subjects, breast cancer patients and those with post-mastectomy edema and without it after complete course of treatment. A group of risk for edema was formed.

[Changes in the electric conductivity of the dentin during caries treatment]. / Izmenenie élektroprovodimosti dentina pri lechenii kariesa.

Dentin permeability at the bottom of carious cavities of 124 teeth was studied by electrometry. Dentin permeability was found to be higher in deep caries than in moderate-severe and higher in the teeth that had not been treated before than in those filled. Treatment of the cavities with potassium oxalate before filling helped rapidly and effectively lower the dentin permeability in order to prevent involvement of the pulp.

[Structural changes in human dentin with the use of modern filling materials]. / Izmenenie struktury dentina cheloveka pri ispol'zovanii sovremennykh prokladochnykh materialov.

Changes in human dentin surface structure, effected by potassium oxalate, potassium nitrate, calcium hydroxide, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Crystal layers of different structures with complete or partial occlusion of the dentin tubes were detected. Complete occlusion was achieved only if potassium oxalate was used.

[The dental pulp reaction to microbial action in different methods of treating the carious cavity]. / Reaktsiia pul'py zuby na mikrobnoe vozdeistvie pri razlichnykh metodakh obrabotki karioznoi polosti.

Under study were the effects of bacterial stimulation of prepared dentin on dental pulp. Traditional method of drug treatment of prepared cavity with alcohol and either was compared with methods reducing dentin permeability making use of calcium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, and calcium oxalate. Inflammatory reaction of the pulp was more pronounced after traditional treatment. Reduction of dentin permeability with agents blocking dentin tubes reduced the severity of inflammatory reaction.

[A morphological basis for the levels of pulp extirpation and root c anal obturation (experimental morphological research)]. / Morfologicheskoe obosnovanie urovnei ékstirpatsii pul'py i plombirovaniia kornevogo kanala (éksperimental'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

Periapical tissue reaction to root canal filling with zinc-eugenol paste (complete or incomplete filling) was studied in 15 teeth of 5 mongrel dogs after total or subtotal pulp extirpation. Inflammatory reaction developed in all the cases. It was more intensive in cases with total extirpation of the pulp followed by complete or incomplete filling of the root canal than after subtotal extirpation of the pulp followed by root canal filling 1-2 mm below the anatomical apical foramen.

[Changes in dentin permeability for microorganisms during caries treatment]. / Izmenenie pronitsaemosti dentina dlia mikroorganizmov pri lechenii kariesa.

Effects of a number of chemicals and of the time elapsed since the preparation on dentine permeability for microorganisms were under study. Dentine permeability was found the highest immediately after the preparation and after acid treatment. Potassium oxalate and calcium hydroxide reduced dentine permeability.

[A trial of the use of rulid, sumamed and makropen in the combined treatment of generalized periodontitis at a stage of exacerbation]. / Opyt primeneniia rulida, sumameda i makropena v kompleksnom lechenii generalizovannogo parodontita v stadii obostreniia.

In vitro study of the antibacterial activity of macrolide antibiotics azitromycin (sumamed), midicamycin (macropen), roxitromycin (rulide), and erythromycin demonstrated their high activity towards clinical strains of bacteroids, fusobacteria, peptostreptococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria. These antibiotics were effective in the treatment of 62 adult patients with severe and moderate generalized periodontitis. Rulide and sumamed were the most effective, macropen and erythromycin were inferior to them.

[The comparative characteristics of the antibacterial activity of new antiseptics and the prospects for their use in dental practice]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika antibakterial'noi aktivnosti novykh antiseptikov i perspektivy ikh primeneniia v stomatologicheskoi praktike.

Antibacterial activities of modern antiseptics listerine, myramistine, cidipol, octenisept, tantum verde, matecide, and rautine drugs chlorhexidine and dioxidine are compared. The prospects of their use in dentistry for the treatment of inflammations associated with anaerobes are discussed. Metacide, listerine, chlorhexidine, and dioxidine are characterized by the widest spectrum of activity towards obligate anaerobic bacteria; moreover, these drugs inhibit bacterial growth when used in lower concentrations than other drugs.

[The use of tricalcium phosphate in the vital subtotal extirpation of the pulp]. / Primenenie trikal'tsiifosfata pri vital'noi subtotal'noi ékstirpatsii pul'py.

The authors have proved the desirability of vital subtotal extirpation of the pulp in experiments and clinically. Exposure to tricalcium phosphate transformed the terminal portion of the root pulp into osseocement biologic filling, obturated the apical opening and thus prevented the inflammation in the periodontium and protected it from pathologic exposures.

[The comparative characteristics of stimulators of reparative osteogenesis in the treatment of periodontal diseases]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika stimuliatorov reparativnogo osteogeneza v lechenii zabolevanii parodonta.

The authors compare the efficacy of ultra highly dispersed hydroxyapatite (brand OSTIM-100) and demineralized bone matrix implanted to 395 patients for repair of bone defects. OSTIM-100 was found not inferior to bone transplant, but devoid of its shortcomings. Complications occurred in 1.5% cases and never involved the site of osteoplasty, whereas in the group transplanted bone matrix 3.6% patients developed complications, which were frequently associated with the graft rejection. OSTIM-100 was particularly effective in the treatment of periodontitis at the stage of abscesses. It is convenient and recommended, in combination with membranes of directed regeneration of tissues (GORE-TEX), for surgical treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.

[The enzymes of glutamate and organic phosphate metabolism in the saliva in fluorosis (clinical and experimental research)]. / Fermenty metabolizma glutamata i organicheskikh fosfatov v sliune pri fliuoroze (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced in unstimulated pooled saliva of 15-year-old adolescents with endemic fluorosis, vs. those without fluorosis. This point to reduced production of glutamate which is indispensable for bacterial growth. The activity of acid phosphatase in pooled stimulated with 1% pilocarpin saliva of rats fed a water ration with 5 and 20 mg/liter fluorine in comparison with control rats fed water with fluorine concentration of 0.21 mg/liter. Noteworthy that alkaline phosphatase activity was virtually unchanged at fluorine concentrations 5 and 20 mg/liter in the water. The significance of the results as far as it regards the pathogenesis of caries and fluorosis is discussed.

[The use of an ortofen-containing paste in the combined treatment of periodontal diseases]. / Ispol'zovanie ortofensoderzhashchei pasty v kompleksnom lechenii zabolevanii parodonta.

A periodontal dressing for the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis, characterized by antiinflammatory and antibacterial action, was developed and clinically tried. Application of this dressing cut down the periods of treatment of chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, shortens the period of preparation to surgery, and provides a smooth course of the postoperative period.

[The effect of the temperature factor on the structural status of the rat dental enamel]. / Vliianie temperaturnogo faktora na strukturnoe sostoianie émali zubov krys.

Effects of various temperature regimens on enamel ultrastructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy in 70 rat incisors. The study has revealed a deep restructuring of the enamel during overheating in the course of tooth preparation, which necessitates the use of appropriate agents for the prevention and correction of the changes developing in dental tissue.