[Assessment of job stress after implementation of prevention measures in a pension fund]. / Evaluation du stress au travail après mesures de prévention dans une caisse de retraite.

AIM: Work stress and its impact on health have been widely studied. However, very few studies have examined the effect of implementing measures designed to reduce work stress, a risk factor for psychological health problems. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap. METHODS: Two surveys were conducted in October 2009 and October 2011. 150 employees participated in the first trial, while 108 took part in the second trial. Among them, 74 employees participated in both surveys and were matched. Participation in the two surveys was anonymous and the participants were asked to complete three questionnaires. RESULTS: The intervention was not effective in reducing perceived poor health, accidents, hospitalizations, sick leaves, medication use, musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial distress and job stress. However, there wasa significant decrease in iso-strain and an increase in social support. Iso-strain decreased, especially among women (p < 0.002) and employees (p < 0.001). The increased support provided by supervisors and colleagues benefited women and employees, while improved emotional support from supervisors and colleagues mainly benefited employees. These trends were associated with psychological and musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The significant decrease of iso-strain through improved social support suggests that efforts to prevent work-related stress need to be pursued.

[Caring for suicide attempters in twelve healthcare institutions in Picardie]. / Prise en charge des suicidants dans douze établissements de santé picards.

Simple tools to help in caring for people having attempted to commit suicide are often lacking or are unsuitable. Faced with this situation, a standardised questionnaire was sent to practitioners in all public institutions in Picardie which care for suicide attempters. A real effort must be made by healthcare professionals in order to improve the care provided to these patients.

Smoking cessation should have more emphasis within Tobacco Control? The case against.

Tobacco is the only consumer product today that, when used as intended rather than by accident, kills half of its regular consumers. This led to the ratification of an international treaty prepared by the World Health Organisation, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), now ratified by 164 countries. Within this historical framework, it may be asked what place is occupied by support for tobacco cessation in the worldwide fight against smoking. Even if the efficacy of treatment of tobacco dependence is proven, it is not the most cost-effective method of Tobacco Control and its efficiency is still questionable.

[Mass screening guidelines for prostate cancer: Should they be utilized in France?]. / Le dépistage du cancer de la prostate : hétérogénéités des recommandations. Une exception française?

BACKGROUND: At present, clinical practice guidelines for prostate cancer screening are controversial in France. The French National Agency for Health Care Quality does not recommend screening for prostate cancer. In contrast, since 2002 the French Urological Association has been supporting screening. However, both support selected screening for men with risk factors, despite there having been no assessment to date of whether the screening is justified. In 2002, Prostatic Specific Antigen prescriptions increased by 22% over one year and PSA was the first prescription for cancer markers. The history of the pros and cons for prostate cancer screening is summarized. Prostate cancer does not qualify under the World Health Organization's criteria for screening. CONCLUSION: At the present time, prostate cancer mass screening cannot be recommended. Pitfalls for Clinical Guidelines enforcement are discussed.

[Social responsibility in health and the global health situation: towards new health and social indicators]. / La responsabilité sociale en santé et la situation sanitaire mondiate. A propos des nouveaux indicateurs sanitaires et sociaux.

New approaches to social responsibility and health must be developed to ensure that scientific and technological progress contribute to justice, equity and the interest of humanity. The current state of health in several regions of the world is a matter of great concern. Using various indicators, composite indices have been developed that provide us with socio-medical, demographic and economic data and make it possible to analyse socio-health conditions worldwide. The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights considers health as a social and human good and recommends better access to and improved quantities of quality health care and medicine, as well as access to drinking water. In order to implement these recommendations, we believe that current developments should be monitored utilising composite indices.

Colorectal polyps and cancers diagnosed by pathologists in Ile de France Region. Crisapif-Petri Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological characteristics of adenomatous polyps (AP), non adenomatous polyps (NAP), and colorectal cancers (CRC) diagnosed in the greater Paris area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pathologists filled out an identification and histological questionnaire for each biopsy or surgical specimen received between 20/09/02 and 20/12/02, which had at least one colorectal polyp or CRC, taken from a patient of the greater Paris area. RESULTS: The participation rate of pathologists was 73.3% and 10,396 patients with 16,681 lesions were included. Lesions consisted in 1,223 CRC among 1,107 patients, 9,280 AP and 6,178 NAP. Mean age of patients with CRC was 68 years, with at least one AP without CRC 62 years, and with at least one NAP without CRC or AP 58 years. The mean number of polyps per patient was 1.4, and increased with age. Average size of AP was larger than that of NAP and the size increased with age for AP but not NAP. pTNM staging of CRC was: pT0, 1% pT1, 4% pT2, 13% pT3, 63% pT4, 19% N0, 55% N1, 24% N2, 19% Nx, 2%. CONCLUSION: This study provides detailed data on colorectal polyps and colorectal cancers in the greater Paris region, which does not have a cancer registry. Repeated surveys could be helpful for evaluating the efficacy of screening programs in the general population.

[Public health education in France: challenges and future perspectives]. / L'enseignement de la santé publique en France: objectifs et perspectives.

Public health difers from other fields of health education by its vast scope and by the diversity of its target populations. University training in public health is currently ensured in France by more than 300 permanent lecturers with significant research activity. Graduates find employment in hospitals and other public institutions. Public-sector managerial staff are educated by the National School of Public health. Currently, university training is poorly organized and coordinated in France. The creation of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santo Publique provides an opportunity to reorganize the training infrastructure and calls for a reassessment of the place of universities in public health education.

[Prevention of air pollution by indoor tobacco smoke in France]. / La prévention du tabagisme passif en France.

A majority of smokers and non smokers find ambient tobacco smoke unpleasant. Passive smoking can cause sudden infant death, lung cancer and coronary heart disease. At least 3000 non smokers die as a result of passive smoking each year in France. Failure to properly implement Evin's law of 1991 explains why non smokers in France are still not protected. Scientific knowledge and public opinion support a total ban on smoking in all public places and working areas.