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Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status are well-established prognostic markers in breast cancer management. The triple negative breast carcinoma subtype (ER-/PR-/HER2-) has been associated with worse overall prognosis in comparison with other subtypes in study populations consisting of ethnic minorities and young women. We evaluated the prognostic value of breast cancer subtypes, Ki-67 proliferation index (Ki-67PI), and pathologic tumor characteristics on breast cancer survival in Caucasian women in our institution, where greater than 90% of the total patient population is white. From 628 new invasive breast cancer cases in our data base (2000-late 2004), 593 (94%) were identified in Caucasian women. ER/PR/HER2 breast cancer subtypes were classified based on St. Gallen International Expert Consensus recommendations from 2011. ER/PR/HER2 status and its effect on survival were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. ER/PR/HER2 status, grade, tumor-node-metastasis status (TNM)/anatomic stage, and age were analyzed in terms of survival in a multivariate fashion using a Cox regression. Ki-67PI was analyzed between ER/PR/HER2 groups using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and 2 × 5 ANOVA. Our results showed that patients with stage IIB through stage IV breast carcinomas were 2.1-16 times more likely to die than patients with stages IA-B and IIA disease, respectively (95% CI 1.17-3.81 through 9.68-28.03, respectively), irrespective of ER/PR/HER2 subtype. Similar effect was seen with T2, N2/N3, or M1 tumors in comparison with T1, N0/N1, and M0 tumors. Chances of dying increase approximately 5% for every year increase in age. There was a significant main effect of Ki-67PI between ER/PR/HER2 subtypes, p < .001, but Ki-67PI could not predict survival. In summary, TNM status/anatomic stage of breast carcinomas and age are predictive of survival in our patient population of Caucasian women, but breast carcinoma subtypes and Ki-67 proliferation index are not.
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Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , População Branca , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Neoplasias da Mama/classificação , Carcinoma/classificação , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is of etiologic significance in the development of oral squamous carcinoma and is noted to result in p16 overexpression. Identification of HPV is clinically important because the presence of HPV has prognostic and epidemiologic associations. Detection of HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is expensive and not widely accessible. The authors examined p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV and its use as an alternative test to PCR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgery and then analysis with p16 IHC and HPV PCR. The p16 IHC staining intensity was graded from 0 to 3+, and these results were compared with PCR. Descriptive and frequency statistics were performed by comparing HPV PCR results with p16 IHC, patient age, gender, and outcome. RESULTS: Eighty-one cases were included in the study. Forty-four study patients were men and 37 were women (mean age, 63.9 yr). Forty-five cases (55.6%) had 0 staining, 22 cases (27.2%) had 1+ staining, and 7 cases (8.6%) had 2+ staining. Seven cases (8.6%) had 3+ staining, all of which were positive for HPV serotype 16 by PCR. Three of 7 HPV PCR-positive cases had keratinization typical of an oral cavity location and not the basaloid growth of HPV oropharyngeal tumors. There was a statistical correlation (P < .001) among HPV PCR positivity, 3+ staining, and younger age. CONCLUSION: p16 3+ staining correlates with HPV PCR positivity. p16 IHC is a technically simple and widely available test, and this study establishes the use of p16 IHC as an alternative test to HPV PCR. Given the clinical significance of HPV in oral squamous carcinoma, p16 IHC should be performed in all cases and included in the pathology report.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/química , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Treatment burden is the workload of healthcare and the impact this has on the individual. Treatment burden is associated with poorer patient outcomes in several chronic diseases. Illness burden has been extensively studied in cancer, but little is known about treatment burden, particularly in those who have completed primary treatment for cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment burden in survivors of prostate and colorectal cancers and their caregivers. DESIGN: Semistructured interview study. Interviews were analysed using Framework and thematic analysis. SETTING: Participants were recruited via general practices in Northeast Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible participants were individuals who had been diagnosed with colorectal or prostate cancer without distant metastases within the previous 5 years and their caregivers. Thirty-five patients and six caregivers participated: 22 patients had prostate and 13 had colorectal cancers (six male, seven female). RESULTS: The term 'burden' did not resonate with most survivors, who expressed gratitude that time invested in cancer care could translate into improved survival. Cancer management was time consuming, but workload reduced over time. Cancer was usually considered as a discrete episode. Individual, disease and health system factors protected against or increased treatment burden. Some factors, such as health service configuration, were potentially modifiable. Multimorbidity contributed most to treatment burden and influenced treatment decisions and engagement with follow-up. The presence of a caregiver protected against treatment burden, but caregivers also experienced burden. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive cancer treatment and follow-up regimens do not necessarily lead to perceived burden. A cancer diagnosis serves as a strong motivator to engage in health management, but a careful balance exists between positive perceptions and burden. Treatment burden could lead to poorer cancer outcomes by influencing engagement with and decisions about care. Clinicians should ask about treatment burden and its impact, particularly in those with multimorbidity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04163068.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata , Pelve , SobreviventesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how individuals diagnosed with cancer use out-of-hours (OOH) medical services, describe the behavioural determinants of OOH service use and explore whether there are differences between urban and rural dwellers. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted in Northeast Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: The questionnaire was sent to 2549 individuals diagnosed with cancer in the preceding 12 months identified through the National Health Service Grampian Cancer Care Pathway database. 490 individuals returned the questionnaire (19.2% response rate), 61.8% were urban and 34.9% were rural. OUTCOMES: Outcomes were differences in frequency of medical service use and attitudes towards OOH services between urban and rural participants. Patient experience (qualitative data) was compared. RESULTS: Daytime services were used much more frequently than OOH services-83.3% of participants had never contacted an OOH primary care service in the preceding 12 months but 44.2% had used their daytime general practitioner at least four times. There were no significant differences between urban and rural dwellers in the patterns of OOH or daytime service use, the behavioural determinants of service use or the experiences of OOH services. Rural dwellers were significantly less likely to agree that OOH services were close by and more likely to agree that where they lived made it difficult to access these services. Rural dwellers were no more likely to agree or disagree that distance would affect their decision to contact OOH services. Qualitative results highlighted barriers to accessing OOH services exist for all patients but that long travel distances can be offset by service configuration, travel infrastructure and access to a car. CONCLUSIONS: Urban and rural dwellers have similar beliefs, attitudes towards and patterns of OOH service use. In Northeast Scotland, place of residence is unlikely to be the most important factor in influencing decisions about whether to access OOH medical care.
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Plantão Médico , Neoplasias , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Medicina Estatal , Atitude , Neoplasias/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Individuals with cancer are being given increasing responsibility for the self-management of their health and illness. In other chronic diseases, individuals who experience treatment burden are at risk of poorer health outcomes. Less is known about treatment burden and its impact on individuals with cancer. This systematic review investigated perceptions of treatment burden in individuals living with and beyond cancer. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched for qualitative studies that explored treatment burden in individuals with a diagnosis of breast, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancer at any stage of their diagnostic/treatment trajectory. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted. Study quality was assessed using a modified CASP checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021145601). Forty-eight studies were included. Health management after cancer involved cognitive, practical, and relational work for patients. Individuals were motivated to perform health management work to improve life-expectancy, manage symptoms, and regain a sense of normality. Performing health care work could be empowering and gave individuals a sense of control. Treatment burden occurred when there was a mismatch between the resources needed for health management and their availability. Individuals with chronic and severe symptoms, financial challenges, language barriers, and limited social support are particularly at risk of treatment burden. For those with advanced cancer, consumption of time and energy by health care work is a significant burden. CONCLUSION: Treatment burden could be an important mediator of inequities in cancer outcomes. Many of the factors leading to treatment burden in individuals with cancer are potentially modifiable. Clinicians should consider carefully what they are asking or expecting patients to do, and the resources required, including how much patient time will be consumed.
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Neoplasias , Autogestão , Masculino , Humanos , Apoio Social , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/psicologiaRESUMO
Executive functions (EF) are a core aspect of cognition. Research with adult humans has produced evidence for unity and diversity in the structure of EF. Studies with preschoolers favour a 1-factor model, in which variation in EF tasks is best explained by a single underlying trait on which all EF tasks load. How EF are structured in nonhuman primates remains unknown. This study starts to fill this gap through a comparative, multi-trait multi-method test battery with preschoolers (N = 185) and chimpanzees (N = 55). The battery aimed at measuring working memory updating, inhibition, and attention shifting with three non-verbal tasks per function. For both species the correlations between tasks were low to moderate and not confined to tasks within the same putative function. Factor analyses produced some evidence for the unity of executive functions in both groups, in that our analyses revealed shared variance. However, we could not conclusively distinguish between 1-, 2- or 3-factor models. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the ecological validity of current psychometric research.
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Função Executiva , Pan troglodytes , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cytologic analysis of vitreous fluid is an important component in diagnosis of vitreitis. No standard reporting guidelines exist for these specimens. This study chronicles our 24 years experience and proposes a tentative diagnostic model. METHODS: Retrospective cytology reports review and database study. Clinical indications, cytologic patterns, ancillary studies performed, and diagnoses were recorded. RESULTS: 176 samples from 160 patients were included and main cytologic patterns are reflected in Table 1. Most fluids were negative for malignancy (88%) and patterns IIB (53%) and IIA (19%) were dominant. The non-diagnostic rate was 7%; atypical and suspicious categories represented <0.5% of fluids tested and only 2% were positive for malignancy (3 intraocular lymphoma and one melanoma). Clinical indications for fluid examination were infection/inflammation (59%), to rule out lymphoma (11%), amyloidosis (3%), melanoma (2%), or to investigate intraocular hemorrhage. Fungal elements were demonstrated in 7 cases. No viral inclusions were appreciated; however, one case was positive for HSV 2 by IHC and 2 were negative by PCR. One case had Gram + cocci. Flow cytometry studies were suboptimal in 6 fluids, negative for an aberrant lymphocyte population in 11, and positive for high grade lymphoma in 3 cases. Atypical, suspicious and positive for melanoma were reported in 3 samples. Amyloid was identified in 1 aspirate. CONCLUSIONS: Cytologic analysis of vitreous fluid is a useful tool. Modern techniques like flow cytometry and PCR testing further expand the diagnostic possibilities. Standardization of diagnostic terminology will aid clinicians caring for patients suffering from ocular disease.
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Líquidos Corporais/citologia , Citodiagnóstico , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
GATA2 deficiency is a bone marrow failure syndrome effectively treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), which also addresses the predisposition to many infections (prominently mycobacterial). However, many GATA2-deficient persons who come to HCT also have prevalent and refractory human papilloma virus disease (HPVD), which can be a precursor to cancer. We analyzed 75 HCT recipients for the presence of HPVD to identify patient characteristics and transplantation results that influence HPVD outcomes. We assessed the impact of cellular recovery and iatrogenic post-transplantation immunosuppression, as per protocol (PP) or intensified/prolonged (IP) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis or treatment, on the persistence or resolution of HPVD. Our experience with 75 HCT recipients showed a prevalence of 49% with anogenital HPVD, which was either a contributing or primary factor in the decision to proceed to HCT. Of 24 recipients with sufficient follow-up, 13 had resolution of HPVD, including 8 with IP and 5 with PP. Eleven recipients had persistent HPVD, including 5 with IP and 6 with PP immunosuppression. No plausible cellular recovery group (natural killer cells or T cells) showed a significant difference in HPV outcomes. One recipient died of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, presumably of anogenital origin, at 33 months post-transplantation after prolonged immunosuppression for chronic GVHD. Individual cases demonstrate the need for continued aggressive monitoring, especially in the context of disease prevalent at transplantation or prior malignancy. HCT proved curative in many cases in which HPVD was refractory and recurrent prior to transplantation, supporting a recommendation that HPVD should be considered an indication rather than contraindication to HCT, but post-transplantation monitoring should be prolonged with a high level of vigilance for new or recurrent HPVD.
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Alphapapillomavirus , Deficiência de GATA2 , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Fator de Transcrição GATA2/genética , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMO
The complexity of our current healthcare delivery system has become an impediment to communication among caregivers resulting in fragmentation of patient care. To address these issues, many hospitals are implementing processes to facilitate clinical integration in an effort to improve patient care and safety. Clinical informatics, including image storage in a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), represents a tool whereby clinical integration can be accomplished. In this study, we obtained intraoperative photographs of 19 cases to document clinical stage, extent of disease, disease recurrence, reconstruction/grafting, intraoperative findings not identified by preoperative imaging, and site verification as part of the Universal Protocol. Photographs from all cases were stored and viewed in PACS. Images from many of the cases were presented at our interdepartmental cancer conferences. The stored images improved communication among caregivers and preserved pertinent intraoperative findings in the patients' electronic medical record. In the future, pathology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, dermatology, and cardiology are just a few other subspecialties which could accomplish image storage in PACS. Multidisciplinary image storage in a PACS epitomizes the concept of clinical integration and its goal of improving patient care.
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Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar/organização & administração , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia/organização & administração , Serviço Hospitalar de Patologia/organização & administração , Sistemas de Informação em Radiologia/organização & administração , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Período Intraoperatório , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Radiografia , TennesseeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test against a "gold-standard", FDA-approved, laboratory-based serum immunoassay (SI) in postmortem blood. To date, OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test has not been evaluated for use in postmortem testing. This OraQuick test is a manually performed, visually interpreted, single use immunoassay for the qualitative detection of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: Blood was collected from 51 decedents whose deaths were investigated in the jurisdiction of the Knox and Anderson County Medical Examiner's Office (MEO) January 2017 through April 2017. For each consented case, blood was tested using both the OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test and a laboratory-based hepatitis C serum immunoassay ("gold standard" reference assay). Results from the OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody Test were compared against a laboratory-based hepatitis C serum immunoassay. RESULTS: Using the laboratory-based serum immunoassay (SI) as the "gold standard" for assessing true HCV antibody positivity, and comparing SI against OraQuick rapid test, sensitivity for the OraQuick rapid test was 95.65% and specificity was 96.15% in postmortem blood. DISCUSSION: Our results demonstrate that OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test is reliable for diagnosis of hepatitis C infection in postmortem blood with a relatively short (less than approximately 21.5 hours) postmortem sample acquisition time. The OraQuick in some cases may be superior to traditional, laboratory-based HCV SI due to potential increased viscosity of postmortem blood.
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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low (<1%) in this large population of healthcare workers (HCWs) across the state of Tennessee (n=11,787) in May-June 2020. Among those with PCR results, 81.5% of PCR and antibody test results were concordant. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher among HCWs working in high-community-transmission regions and among younger workers. IMPORTANCE: These results may be seen as a baseline assessment of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among HCWs in the American South during a period of growth, but not yet saturation, of infections among susceptible populations. In fact, this period of May-June 2020 was marked by the extension of renewed and sustained community-wide transmission after mandatory quarantine periods expired in several more populous regions of Tennessee. Where community transmission remains low, HCWs may still be able to effectively mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, preserving resources for populations at high risk of severe disease, and these sorts of data help highlight such strategies.
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Sarcomas of the aorta are rare tumors with an unknown incidence and wide variety of clinical presentations. These malignant neoplasms are often manifested in an advanced state and with symptoms of nonmalignant vascular disease owing to a delay in diagnosis. We present the case of a 78-year-old man in whom workup was initially performed for a persistently enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular aortic repair but who was subsequently found to have a pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma of the aorta.
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The current hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego County, largely among homeless individuals and illicit drug users, prompted a community clinic to vaccinate at-risk patients. The clinic marshaled the efforts of multiple departments to educate and vaccinate 7,521 adults in 7 months. Strong support from executive leaders, coordinated efforts from various departments, and leveraged relationships with other community organizations and public health officials are key factors of a strong response to a public health concern.
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Surtos de Doenças , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite A/administração & dosagem , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , California/epidemiologia , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Hospitais Comunitários , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the role of 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) in the preoperative prediction of the presence and extent of neck disease in patients with oral/head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients were enrolled in the study, 47 of whom had a clinically negative neck (N0), 19 of whom had a clinically positive unilateral neck (N+), and 4 of whom were negative on 1 side of the neck and positive on the other. Each patient underwent a PET/CT study before undergoing selective neck dissection for N0 disease or modified radical neck dissection for N+ disease. Tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination and were oriented for the pathologist as to the oncologic levels so as to permit correlation between histopathologic findings and the imaging results. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the PET/CT procedure were 79% and 82% for the N0 neck, and 95% and 25% for the N+ neck. One hundred ninety-two (11.4%) of the 1,678 nodes identified at histopathology were positive for metastases. The overall nodal sensitivity and specificity were 48% and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with clinically negative necks, a negative test would not help the surgeon in the management strategy of the patient because of the rate of false-negative results, but a positive test can diagnose metastatic deposits with a high positive predictive value. In patients with clinically positive necks, a positive test will confirm the presence of disease, although false-negative lymph nodes were additionally identified in these clinically positive necks. With respect to nodes, the sensitivity of the imaging procedure is such that the results could not help the surgeon in deciding which level to dissect and which to spare. In the final analysis, the head and neck oncologic surgeon should not depend on the results of the PET/CT scan to determine which patients will benefit from neck dissection. Rather, time-honored principles of neck surgery should be followed, particularly with regard to the liberal execution of prophylactic neck dissections in patients with clinically N0 necks.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico por imagem , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Esvaziamento Cervical , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/instrumentação , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias da Língua/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Língua/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Micropapillary carcinoma is a variant of adenocarcinoma described in many anatomic sites and most recently in the lung. The cytologic recognition of this distinct pathologic entity in transthoracic needle aspiration specimens is important in providing prognostic information and therapeutic guidance. CASE: A 58-year-old woman presented with a < 1-cm lesion in the left breast identified on screening mammogram. A core biopsy of this lesion revealed an estrogen and progesterone receptor positive tubular carcinoma. Before a hookwire localization biopsy, a chest x-ray revealed a 1.7-cm spiculated mass in the right lower lobe. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with micropapillary features was made by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The lobectomy specimen showed a combination of adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma and micropapillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Micropapillary carcinoma is a unique variant of adenocarcinoma, having important clinical associations because of its propensity for angiolymphatic invasion and higher stage at disease presentation. This case demonstrates the cytomorphologic characteristics of micropapillary carcinoma in a transthoracic FNA of the lung.
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Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Agregação Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Infectious folliculitis of the head and neck has various etiologies, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Accurate morphologic recognition of microorganisms in biopsy and cytologic specimens is paramount in facilitating appropriate therapy. We report a case of a 37-yr-old white male with Demodex folliculitis, who presented with an extensive and painful erythematous pustular skin lesion along the right face and scalp in a dermatome pattern clinically suggestive of Varicella zoster. Examination of scraped smears obtained from one of these pustules revealed numerous parasitic organisms having morphologic features typical of Demodex. Herein, we describe the patient's clinical presentation, discuss the cytologic findings of scrape smears, and briefly review the literature.
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Foliculite/diagnóstico , Foliculite/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Ácaros , Adulto , Animais , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Células Epiteliais/parasitologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Foliculite/patologia , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/patologia , Herpes Zoster/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Humanos , Masculino , Infestações por Ácaros/patologia , Pele/parasitologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
The 2001 Bethesda System diagnostic category of atypical squamous cells cannot exclude a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) was developed and implemented after many studies that proved its clinical relevance. In this study, we describe the practice experience of a hospital-based reference laboratory with this new diagnostic category. The anatomic pathology computer database was searched, and 414 Papanicolaou (Pap) smears signed out as ASC-H were discovered among 60,390 Pap smear accessions over a 17-month period of time. One hundred four cases had corresponding tissue specimens. Slides from all Pap smears and tissue specimens were reviewed, and five Pap smears were reclassified, leaving 99 study cases. In our laboratory, 88.9% of the study cases had either low or high grade dysplasia diagnosed on subsequent tissue specimens. The positive predictive value of ASC-H for histologically proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL's) was 40.4%. Of those having human papillomavirus (HPV) hybrid capture II testing, high-risk HPV types were detected in 73.9% of cases. The majority of study cases had less than 25 atypical cells. In two hysterectomy cases and three loop electrosurgical excession procedure (LEEP) conization cases, high-grade dysplasia was present as a single microscopic focus, suggesting that the paucity of atypical cells in ASC-H Pap smears may be secondary to small lesion sampling. Thirteen study patients were postmenopausal and 30.8% had low-grade dysplasia, and of these, 46.2% had high-grade dysplasia on subsequent tissue specimens. In conclusion, our practice experience with ASC-H is similar to that reported in the literature before the 2001 Bethesda System.
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Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Sondas de DNA de HPV , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/virologia , Teste de Papanicolaou , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus , Esfregaço Vaginal , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report the clinical and pathologic findings in a patient with a primary Acanthamoeba subretinal abscess. METHODS: A healthy 40-year-old man was evaluated and treated for a subretinal abscess. A subretinal aspirate was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin stains and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Results of the histologic examination of the subretinal aspirate demonstrated numerous Acanthamoeba cysts. The diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The infection was treated with local and systemic antimicrobials. The visual acuity remained stable, and there was no local or systemic spread of the infection. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first biopsy-proven case of primary subretinal abscess because of Acanthamoeba. Acanthamoeba should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a subretinal abscess, even in the absence of systemic or corneal symptoms. Aggressive treatment can prevent serious ocular and systemic complications.