Preparation of Mn modified waste dander biochar and its effect on soil carbon sequestration.

In order to reduce the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) and enhance the ability of soil carbon sequestration. Mn-modified waste dander biochar (Mn-BC) was successfully prepared via impregnation and pyrolysis, and MnSO4 was formed on its surface. Mn-BC increases the carbon retention and reduces the emissions of CO2 and SO2 in way of forming CO, Mn-O-C bond and MnSO4. At the same time, the stability of the original biochar was reserved due to forming a conjugated structure (CC and pyridine-N bond), and the carbon sequestration content was increased to 25.63%. Importantly, the application of Mn-BC can directly regulate the transformation of microbial bacterial community and lead to create stable carbon dominant bacteria (Firmicutes). And the mineralization rate of SOC is reduced to 0.48 mg CO2/(g·d), together with an increased content of TOC (48.16%), thus the purpose of efficient carbon sequestration is achieved in soil.

NaH2PO4 synergizes with organic matter to stabilize chromium in tannery sludge.

Heavy metal stabilization is an effective method to treat chromium in tannery sludge. Here we show that mainly investigated NaH2PO4 (MSP) and organic matter (OM) to stabilize chromium in tannery sludge. The experimental investigation revealed that the addition of montmorillonite (MMT) and MSP samples showed a significant increase in the percentage of reducible and oxidizable Cr in the former compared to the samples with the addition of MMT. This is attributed to the formation of Cr-O bond, which allows the MSP to undergo an inner-sphere complexation reaction with the metal oxide of Cr via ligand exchange. Significantly, the MSP moiety adsorbs on the surface of OM through monodentate, which increases the adsorption sites of OM for Cr6+ and promotes the reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+. Moreover, PO43- reacts with Cr3+ to produce CrPO4 precipitation, thus reducing the free Cr3+ content. Finally, DFT calculations confirmed that a ternary system is formed between PO43-, OM, and Cr, and the binding energy is negative, which indicated that PO43- could co-stabilize Cr with OM.

Transition-state defect structure: A new strategy for TiO2-based porous materials to enhance photodegradation of pollutants.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the derived structure and properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), and the effect of residual structural on the catalytic properties after loading with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). For this purpose, we ingeniously prepare C-ZIF-8@TiO2 with a transition-state defect structure and apply it for efficiently degrading organic dye wastewater represented by Rhodamine B (Rh-B). Thanks to the transition-state defect structure loaded with TiO2 and ZIF-8 self-derived Carbon (C) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO), the catalytic performance of C-ZIF-8@TiO2 is superior to that of TiO2 and normal TiO2/ZIF-8 composites, and it is effective in degrading a variety of antibiotics and dyes. The related characterization also shows good photovoltaic properties and long-term durability for C-ZIF-8@TiO2. The mechanism on free radical action is elucidated and the possible degradation pathway for Rh-B is speculated. Therefore, C-ZIF-8@TiO2 provides a new strategy for the degradation of organic pollutants in water bodies.

Stabilizing Cr(â ¢) deriving from tannery sludge with kaolin and organic matter.

Stabilizing Cr(III) in tannery sludge (TS) via harmless method has always been the goal of environmental pollution treatment. In this study, a simple method to stabilize Cr(III) in TS is proposed via adding kaolin, based on the fact a large amount of organic matter contained in TS. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that kaolin can stabilize Cr(Ⅲ) via its abundant -OH and lamellar structure. Moreover, there are hydrogen bond interactions and ligand exchange-surface complexation between organic matter and kaolin, which is more conducive to form a stable ternary complex with Cr(III), in a state of organic matter-Cr(III)-kaolin. Simultaneously, the BCR sequential extraction experiment shows that the unstable water and acid soluble state of Cr(III) are reduced (from 0.61% to 0.35%), which further indicates that the stabilization of Cr(III) is successful.

Understanding of manganese-sulfur functionalized biochar: Bridging effect enhanced specific passivation of lead in soil.

Widespread contamination of soils by neurotoxic lead ions (Pb) posed a serious risk to food security, but efficient treatment in soil remained a challenge. For the adsorption of Pb, DFT calculations were firstly performed to predict the synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups as well as the ability of sulfur ions to strengthen Pb-OH bonding. Consequently, Mn-S functionalized coffee ground biochar (MSBC) was then synthesized utilizing precipitation and impregnation methods. In the soil experiment, the removal efficiency of Pb reached 82.92%, exceeding the previous research results. In addition, it successfully restored the polluted farmland near the mining area and increased the plant height of Swiss chard by 186.23%. Subsequently, synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups was confirmed by XPS, FT-IR, and DFT calculations. Furthermore, the factors affecting the structural stability of O-Pb-S were discussed by regression analysis. These reflected that MSBC can enhance the removal efficiency of Pb in soil by mitigating the competition of impurity ions to adsorption sites. These findings may provide new insights into the development of the specific passivation materials for other heavy metals.

Alginate-based adsorbents with adjustable slit-shaped pore structure for selective removal of copper ions.

Adopting effective and efficient techniques for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in water bodies plays an important role in guaranteeing the quality of water and the sustainable development of water resources. In this study, GO, MMT and SA were used as raw materials to compare the adsorption behaviors of three alginate-based adsorbents crosslinked with different valence metal ions (Ca2+, Fe3+ and Zr4+) on Cu(II). The aerogels were based on sodium alginate as the matrix material with unique slit-shaped pore structures formed by stacking effect of sheets and chemical bonding. It was found that the pore structures of the aerogels were denser and more orderly with the increase of the valence states of the crosslinked ions, and the affinity for Cu(II) in planar configuration was stronger. The Zr4+-GMSA aerogel had the maximum adsorption capacity of 126.68 mg/g and the Kd of Cu(II) was up to 50.80 L/g, which exhibited good preferential adsorption performance. The adsorption mechanism of Mn+-GMSA aerogels on Cu(II) was mainly ionic exchange, surface complexation and physical adsorption, which was explored by combining XPS and EDS characterizations of Mn+-GMSA before and after adsorption. This scheme can provide valuable and meaningful contribution to realize the selective recovery of Cu(II).

In situ formed CaSO4 on waste dander biochar to inhibit the mineralization of soil organic carbon.

In order to reduce CO2 emissions, as well as realize the resource utilization of waste dander (WD) and the goal of international "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality", Biochar was prepared with WD via pyrolysis technology, achieving CaSO4 in situ generated on its surface, which could be used to inhibit soil organic carbon (SOC) from mineralizing and enhance soil carbon sequestration ability. The characterization results showed that the unstable carbon (C) structures as well as more conjugated structures were generated on Ca-BC, obtaining an increased C sequestration of Ca-BC to 21.70 %. With the application of Ca-BC, the mineralization rate of SOC was reduced to 0.451 mg CO2/(g·d), and the soil moisture content, pH and TOC content were increased to 45.48 %, 7.96 and 47.19 %. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that the application of Ca-BC promoted bacteria to convert into the stable C-dominant phyla (Firmicutes).

High efficiency and selective removal of Cu(â ¡) via regulating the pore size of graphene oxide/montmorillonite composite aerogel.

In this study, based on the differences in the coordination configurations of various alkaline earth metal ions (Ca(Ⅱ) and Sr(Ⅱ)) and sodium alginate (SA), the aerogel is functionalized with controllable slit-shaped pores structure, contributing by nanosheet stacking impact of graphene oxide (GO) and montmorillonite (MMT), which is able to selectively remove plane hydrate copper ions in complex wastewater systems. Sr-G/M is endowed with denser slit-shaped pores and could achieve more efficient selective removal of Cu(Ⅱ), together with a best removal efficiency of 97.1%, proving by systematic adsorption tests. The selectivity tests show that Sr-G/M exhibits preferential adsorption for Cu(Ⅱ) with a distribution coefficient of 41.85 L g-1. Furthermore, Sr-G/M has excellent regeneration performance to be 86.4% after 8 recycles. Considering its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, easy preparation and efficient selective removal performance, Sr-G/M holds great promise in selective removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from complex wastewater systems.

Enhancement of Interfacial Charge Transfer of TiO2/Graphene with Doped Ca2+ for Improving Electrical Conductivity.

Imparting surface coatings with conductivity is an effective way to prevent fire and explosion caused by electrostatic discharge. TiO2 is a commonly used paint; however, intrinsic TiO2 has poor electrical conductivity. Herein, we develop a method to make TiO2 coating highly conductive by doping Ca2+ into the TiO2 lattice based on the introduction of graphene. It is demonstrated that doping Ca2+ increases the carrier density of TiO2 and its morphology changes from a sphere to a spindle shape, which increases the interfacial contact area between TiO2 and graphene. Therefore, resistivity can be greatly decreased due to the construction of fast charge transport pathways from TiO2 to graphene, resulting from an increase in the speed of interfacial charge transfer. In addition, the electronic properties of the samples are also studied through first-principles calculations before and after Ca2+ doping. The result of the theoretical analysis is in agreement with that of experiments. Thus, the lowest resistivity of Ca2+-TiO2/graphene can reach 0.004 Ω cm. Consequently, the feature of superior conductivity of the Ca2+-TiO2/graphene composite endows it with practical application potential in the field of antistatic coating.