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BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy was reported to be associated with major bleeding in various populations. However, there are no data on polypharmacy and its association with bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsâandâResults: Among 12,291 patients in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI Registry Cohort-3, we evaluated the number of medications at discharge and compared major bleeding, defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium Type 3 or 5 bleeding, across tertiles (T1-3) of the number of medications. The median number of medications was 6, and 88.0% of patients were on ≥5 medications. The cumulative 5-year incidence of major bleeding increased incrementally with increasing number of medications (T1 [≤5 medications] 12.5%, T2 [6-7] 16.5%, and T3 [≥8] 20.4%; log-rank P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the risks for major bleeding of T2 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.36; P=0.001) and T3 (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.12-1.45; P<0.001) relative to T1 remained significant. The adjusted risks of T2 and T3 relative to T1 were not significant for a composite of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.83-1.09; P=0.47] and HR 1.06 [95% CI 0.91-1.23; P=0.48], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world population of patients undergoing PCI, approximately 90% were on ≥5 medications. Increasing number of medications was associated with a higher adjusted risk for major bleeding, but not ischemic events.
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BACKGROUND: Optimal intensity is unclear for P2Y12receptor blocker therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in real-world clinical practice.MethodsâandâResults: From the CREDO-Kyoto Registry, the current study population consisted of 25,419 patients (Cohort-2: n=12,161 and Cohort-3: n=13,258) who underwent their first PCI. P2Y12receptor blocker therapies were reduced dose of ticlopidine (200 mg/day), and global dose of clopidogrel (75 mg/day) in 87.7% and 94.8% of patients in Cohort-2 and Cohort-3, respectively. Cumulative 3-year incidence of GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding was significantly higher in Cohort-3 than in Cohort-2 (12.1% and 9.0%, P<0.0001). After adjusting 17 demographic factors and 9 management factors potentially related to the bleeding events other than the type of P2Y12receptor blocker, the higher bleeding risk in Cohort-3 relative to Cohort-2 remained significant (hazard ratio (HR): 1.52 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-1.68, P<0.0001). Cohort-3 compared with Cohort-2 was not associated with lower adjusted risk for myocardial infarction/ischemic stroke (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87-1.06, P=0.44). CONCLUSIONS: In this historical comparative study, Cohort-3 compared with Cohort-2 was associated with excess bleeding risk, which might be at least partly explained by the difference in P2Y12receptor blockers.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Estudos de Coortes , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) has not been well addressed in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).MethodsâandâResults:We analyzed 3,815 patients from a retrospective multicenter registry of severe AS in Japan (CURRENT AS registry). We compared the clinical outcomes between patients with moderate/severe MR and with none/mild MR according to the initial treatment strategy (initial aortic valve replacement [AVR] or conservative strategy). The primary outcome measure was a composite of aortic valve-related death or heart failure hospitalization. At baseline, moderate/severe MR was present in 227/1,197 (19%) patients with initial AVR strategy and in 536/2,618 (20%) patients with a conservative strategy. The crude cumulative 5-year incidence of the primary outcome measure was significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe MR than in those with none/mild MR, regardless of the initial treatment strategy (25.2% vs. 14.4%, P<0.001 in the initial AVR strategy, and 63.3% vs. 40.7%, P<0.001 in the conservative strategy). After adjusting confounders, moderate/severe MR was not independently associated with higher risk for the primary outcome measure in the initial AVR strategy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-1.83, P=0.69), and in the conservative strategy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93-1.37, P=0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant moderate/severe MR was not independently associated with higher risk for the primary outcome measure regardless of the initial treatment strategy.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of and expected bleeding event rate in patients with the Japanese version of high bleeding risk (J-HBR) criteria are currently unknown in real-world percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice.MethodsâandâResults:We applied the J-HBR criteria in the multicenter CREDO-Kyoto registry cohort-3 that enrolled 13,258 consecutive patients who underwent first PCI. The J-HBR criteria included Japanese-specific major criteria such as heart failure, low body weight, peripheral artery disease and frailty in addition to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC)-HBR criteria. There were 8,496 patients with J-HBR, and 4,762 patients without J-HBR. The J-HBR criteria identified a greater proportion of patients with HBR than did ARC-HBR (64% and 48%, respectively). Cumulative incidence of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5 bleeding was significantly higher in the J-HBR group than in the no-HBR group (14.0% vs. 4.1% at 1 year; 23.1% vs. 8.4% at 5 years, P<0.0001). Cumulative 5-year incidence of BARC 3/5 bleeding was 25.1% in patients with ARC-HBR, and 23.1% in patients with J-HBR. Cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke was also significantly higher in the J-HBR group than in the no-HBR group (6.9% vs. 3.6% at 1 year; 13.2% vs. 7.1% at 5 years, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The J-HBR criteria successfully identified those patients with very high bleeding risk after PCI, who represented 64% of patients in this all-comers registry.
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Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 72-year-old man with end-stage renal failure, receiving 220 mg of dabigatran for chronic atrial fibrillation, was admitted with generalized edema and shortness of breath. Cardiac tamponade caused by pericardial hemorrhage due to inappropriate dabigatran use was treated with pericardial drainage and idarucizumab. Although coagulability normalized, consecutive duodenal hemorrhages occurred, requiring arterial embolization for hemostasis. In cases of severely impaired renal function, the usual dose of idarucizumab may not be sufficient to reverse the effects of dabigatran. Therefore, we considered the need for repeated idarucizumab administration to prevent recurrent bleeding.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of very low baseline levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on patients with coronary artery disease remains unclear. METHOD: We enrolled 39,439 patients of the pooled population from the CREDO-Kyoto registries Cohorts 1, 2, and 3. The study population consisted of 33,133 patients who had undergone their first coronary revascularization. We assessed the risk for mortality and cardiovascular events according to quintiles of the baseline LDL-C levels. RESULTS: Patients in the very low LDL-C quintile (<85â¯mg/dL) had more comorbidities than those in the other quintiles. Lower LDL-C levels were strongly associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end-stage renal disease. The cumulative 4-year incidence of all-cause death increased as LDL-C levels decreased (very low: 19.4â¯%, low: 14.5â¯%, intermediate: 11.1â¯%, high: 10.0â¯%, and very high: 9.2â¯%; pâ¯<â¯0.001), which was driven by both the early and late events. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the adjusted risks of the very low and low LDL-C quintiles relative to the intermediate LDL-C quintile remained significant for all-cause death (very low: HR 1.29, 95â¯% CI 1.16-1.44, pâ¯<â¯0.001; low: HR 1.15, 95â¯% CI 1.03-1.29, pâ¯=â¯0.01). The excess adjusted risks of the lowest LDL-C quintile relative to the intermediate LDL-C quintile were significant for clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular death (HR 1.17, 95â¯% CI 1.01-1.35), non-cardiovascular death (HR 1.35, 95â¯% CI 1.15-1.60), sudden death (HR 1.44, 95â¯% CI 1.01-2.06), and heart failure admission (HR 1.11 95â¯% CI 1.01-1.22), while there was no excess risk for the lowest LDL-C quintile relative to the intermediate LDL-C quintile for myocardial infarction and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Lower baseline LDL-C levels were associated with more comorbidities and a significantly higher risk of death, regardless of cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular causes, in patients who underwent coronary revascularization.
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LDL-Colesterol , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Revascularização Miocárdica , Causas de Morte , Japão/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data regarding shorter life expectancy after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). METHODS: Among 3815 patients with severe AS enrolled in the CURRENT AS (Contemporary outcomes after sURgery and medical tREatmeNT in patients with severe Aortic Stenosis) registry, there were 1469 patients (initial AVR: n = 647; conservative strategy: n = 822) with low surgical risk, 1642 patients (initial AVR: n = 433; conservative strategy: n = 1209) with intermediate surgical risk, and 704 patients (initial AVR: n = 117; conservative strategy: n = 587) with high surgical risk. Among 1163 patients who actually underwent surgical AVR as the initial strategy, patients were divided into 4 groups according to age <65 years (n = 185), 65 to 74 (n = 394), 75 to 80 (n = 345), and >80 (n = 239). The expected survival of the general Japanese population was obtained from the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The surgical risk was estimated using The Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) score. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 3.7 years. The cumulative incidences of all-cause death were significantly lower in the initial AVR strategy than in the initial conservative strategy across the 3 STS groups. Shorter life expectancy after surgical AVR was seen especially in younger patients. The observed mortality in low-risk patients was comparable to the expected mortality across all the age-groups, while intermediate-risk patients aged <75 years, and high-risk patients across all age-groups had higher mortality compared with the expected mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The risk stratification according to age and STS score might be useful to estimate shorter life expectancy after AVR, and these findings have implications for decision making in the choice of surgical or transcatheter AVR.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Expectativa de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
There is a scarcity of data on ischemic and bleeding events in patients who experienced major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Moreover, there also is a shortage of data on comparative outcomes between patients with and without interruption of an antithrombotic drug after major bleeding. We evaluated the incidence and prognostic impacts of ischemic (myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke) and bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) events after major bleeding in 12,691 consecutive patients who underwent first PCI in the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI registry cohort-3. In the entire cohort, incidence of the first ischemic event and bleeding event was 2.3 per 100 person-years and 3.8 per 100 person-years, respectively. Major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3) occurred in 2,142 patients during a median follow-up of 5.7 years. In patients with major bleeding, cumulative 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year incidence of an ischemic event was 2.6%, 4.8%, and 13.2% (3.2 per 100 person-years), respectively, whereas that of a bleeding event was 6.3%, 16.1%, and 29.2% (8.5 per 100 person-years), respectively. Ischemic and bleeding events were independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.87 to 2.96, p <0.001, and hazard ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval 2.42 to 3.37, p <0.001). The cumulative 180-day incidence of ischemic and bleeding events was not significantly different between patients with and without interruption of an antithrombotic drug in patients with major bleeding. In conclusion, the incidence of an ischemic event after the first major bleeding was approximately 1/3 of that of recurrent major bleeding, and the rates of ischemic and bleeding events after the first major bleeding were higher than the rates of first events in the general PCI population. Both ischemic events and bleeding events were strongly associated with subsequent mortality. The incidence of ischemic and recurrent bleeding events was not different between patients with and without interruption of an antithrombotic drug.
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Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , AVC Isquêmico/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Sistema de Registros , Stents , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Recently, one observational study showed that patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without standard cardiovascular risk factors were associated with increased mortality compared with patients with risk factors. This unexpected result should be evaluated in other populations including those with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Among 30,098 consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG (Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting) registry cohort-2 and 3, we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without risk factors stratified by their presentation (STEMI n = 8,312, NSTE-ACS n = 3,386, and CCS n = 18,400). Patients with risk factors were defined as having at least one of the following risk factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and current smoking. The proportion of patients without risk factors was low (STEMI: 369 patients [4.4%], NSTE-ACS: 110 patients [3.2%], and CCS: 462 patients [2.5%]). Patients without risk factors compared with those with risk factors more often had advanced age, low body weight, and malignancy and less often had history of atherosclerotic disease and prescription of optimal medical therapy. In patients with STEMI, patients without risk factors compared with those with risk factors were more often women and more often had atrial fibrillation, long door-to-balloon time, and severe hemodynamic compromise. During a median of 5.6 years follow-up, patients without risk factors compared with those with risk factors had higher crude incidence of all-cause death. After adjusting confounders, the mortality risk was significant in patients with CCS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 1.49, p = 0.04) but not in patients with STEMI (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.27, p = 0.52) and NSTE-ACS (HR 1.07, 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.54, p = 0.73). In conclusion, among patients undergoing coronary revascularization, patients without standard cardiovascular risk factors had higher crude incidence of all-cause death compared with those with at least one risk factor. After adjusting confounders, the mortality risk was significant in patients with CCS but not in patients with STEMI and NSTE-ACS.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Causas de Morte , Doença Crônica , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Feminino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Revascularização Miocárdica , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgia , Fatores Sexuais , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
AIMS: There is a scarcity of studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3 enrolled 14927 consecutive patients who underwent first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013. The current study population consisted of 2464 patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either with PCI using new-generation DES (N = 1565), or with CABG (N = 899). Patients in the PCI group were older and more often had severe frailty, but had less complex coronary anatomy, and less complete revascularization than those in the CABG group. Cumulative 5-year incidence of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or stroke was not significantly different between the 2 groups (25.0% versus 21.5%, P = 0.15). However, after adjusting confounders, the excess risk of PCI relative to CABG turned to be significant for the composite endpoint (HR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55, P = 0.02). PCI as compared with CABG was associated with comparable adjusted risk for all-cause death (HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.96-1.55, P = 0.11), and stroke (HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.79-1.73, P = 0.44), but with excess adjusted risk for myocardial infarction (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.05-2.39, P = 0.03), and any coronary revascularization (HR 2.66, 95%CI 2.06-3.43, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, PCI with new-generation DES as compared with CABG was associated with excess long-term risk for major cardiovascular events in patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including LAD.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Stents Farmacológicos , Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
Background: Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for adverse outcomes after coronary revascularization. Objectives: This study sought to determine high-risk subgroups in whom the excess risks of diabetes relative to nondiabetes are particularly prominent and thus may benefit from more aggressive interventions. Methods: The study population consisted of 39,427 patients (diabetes: n = 15,561; nondiabetes: n = 23,866) who underwent first percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 33,144) or coronary artery bypass graft (n = 6,283) in the pooled CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG (Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) registry. The primary outcome measure was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral endpoints (MACCE), which was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Results: With median follow-up of 5.6 years, diabetes was associated with significantly higher adjusted risks for MACCE. The excess adjusted risks of diabetes relative to nondiabetes for MACCE increased with younger age (≤64 years: adjusted HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19-1.41; P < 0.001; 64-73 years: adjusted HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.16-1.33; P < 0.001; >73 years: adjusted HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10-1.23; P < 0.001; P interaction < 0.001), mainly driven by greater excess adjusted mortality risk of diabetes relative to nondiabetes in younger tertile. No significant interaction was observed between adjusted risk of diabetes relative to nondiabetes for MACCE and other subgroups such as sex, mode of revascularization, and clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions: The excess risk of diabetes relative to nondiabetes for MACCE was profound in the younger population. This observation suggests more aggressive interventions for secondary prevention in patients with diabetes might be particularly relevant in younger patients.
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Polypharmacy was reported to be associated with increased mortality in various populations. However, there is a scarcity of data on status of polypharmacy and association with long-term mortality in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Among 12,291 patients who underwent first PCI in the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3, we evaluated the number of medications at discharge from index PCI hospitalization, and compared long-term mortality across the 3 groups divided by the tertiles of the number of medications. The median number of medications was 6 (interquartile range: 5 to 8), and 88.0% of the patients were on >=5 medications. Most of medications were those related to cardiovascular disease. Patients taking more medications were older and more often had co-morbidities and guideline-indicated medications. The cumulative 5-year incidence of all-cause death increased incrementally with increasing number of medications (Tertile 1 [<=5]: 13.1%, Tertile 2 [6 to 7]: 13.9%, and Tertile 3 [>=8]: 18.0%, log-rank p <0.001). After adjusting confounders, the mortality risks of Tertile 2 and Tertile 3 relative to Tertile 1 were no longer significant (Tertile 2: hazard ratio 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.04; p = 0.23, and Tertile 3: hazard ratio 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.03; p = 0.14, respectively). In conclusion, in a real-world population of patients who underwent PCI, approximately 90% of patients were on >=5 medications. Increasing medications was associated with higher crude incidence of all-cause death, whereas adjusted mortality risks were similar regardless of the number of medications. These data might suggest that achievement of optimal medical therapy would be preferred, even if it might increase the number of medications used.
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Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Polimedicação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The treatment of coronary artery disease has substantially changed over the past two decades. However, it is unknown whether and how much these changes have contributed to the improvement of long-term outcomes after coronary revascularization. We assessed trends in the demographics, practice patterns and long-term outcomes in 24,951 patients who underwent their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (nâ¯=â¯20,106), or isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (nâ¯=â¯4,845) using the data in a series of the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registries (Cohort-1 [2000 to 2002]: nâ¯=â¯7,435, Cohort-2 [2005 to 2007]: nâ¯=â¯8,435, and Cohort-3 [2011 to 2013]: nâ¯=â¯9,081). From Cohort-1 to Cohort-3, the patients got progressively older across subsequent cohorts (67.0 ± 10.0, 68.4 ± 9.9, and 69.8 ± 10.2 years, ptrend < 0.001). There was increased use of PCI over CABG (73.5%, 81.9%, and 85.2%, ptrend < 0.001) and increased prevalence of evidence-based medications use over time. The cumulative 3-year incidence of all-cause death was similar across the 3 cohorts (9.0%, 9.0%, and 9.3%, pâ¯=â¯0.74), while cardiovascular death decreased over time (5.7%, 5.1%, and 4.8%, pâ¯=â¯0.03). The adjusted risk for all-cause death and for cardiovascular death progressively decreased from Cohort-1 to Cohort-2 (HR:0.89, 95%CI:0.80 to 0.99, pâ¯=â¯0.03, and HR:0.80, 95%CI:0.70 to 0.92, pâ¯=â¯0.002, respectively), and from Cohort-2 to Cohort-3 (HR:0.86, 95%CI:0.78 to 0.95, pâ¯=â¯0.004, and HR:0.77, 95%CI:0.67-0.89, p < 0.001, respectively). The risks for stroke and repeated coronary revascularization also improved over time. In conclusions, we found a progressive and substantial reduction of adjusted risk for all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke, and repeated coronary revascularization over the past two decades in Japan.
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária/tendências , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Mortalidade/tendências , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/tendências , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade/tendências , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Terapia Antiplaquetária Dupla/tendências , Duração da Terapia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/tendências , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Diálise Renal , Reoperação , Fumar/epidemiologia , Stents , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Trombose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
There is a scarcity of data comparing long-term clinical outcomes between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease (3VD) in the new-generation drug-eluting stents era. CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3 enrolled 14927 consecutive patients who had undergone first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013. We identified 2525 patients with 3VD (PCI: n = 1747 [69%], and CABG: n = 778 [31%]). The primary outcome measure was all-cause death. Median follow-up duration was 5.7 (interquartile range: 4.4 to 6.6) years. The cumulative 5-year incidence of all-cause death was significantly higher in the PCI group than in the CABG group (19.8% vs 13.2%, log-rank p = 0.001). After adjusting confounders, the excess risk of PCI relative to CABG for all-cause death remained significant (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.86; p = 0.003), which was mainly driven by the excess risk for non-cardiovascular death (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.79; p = 0.001), while there was no excess risk for cardiovascular death between PCI and CABG (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.64; p = 0.29). There was significant excess risk of PCI relative to CABG for myocardial infarction (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.69; p = 0.006), whereas there was no excess risk of PCI relative to CABG for stroke (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.88; p = 0.30). In conclusion, in the present study population reflecting real-world clinical practice in Japan, PCI compared with CABG was associated with significantly higher risk for all-cause death, while there was no excess risk for cardiovascular death between PCI and CABG.
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Stents Farmacológicos , Mortalidade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de Registros , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Eighty-four-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis, suffered from dyspnea on August 2006. Four months later, his symptom has remained and he was admitted to our hospital. A white blood cell decrease and anemia were observed by the blood test. He underwent echocardiography and 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy (99mTc-Tf) at rest, which showed no abnormal cardiac imaging. But 99mTc-Tf whole-body planar imaging showed extremely increased bone marrow uptake. 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy also showed abnormal hot spots in the same skeletal regions. Bone marrow biopsy revealed myelodysplastic syndrome like findings. 201Tl and 99mTc as tracers for myocardial perfusion imagings were used to evaluate coronary heart disease, but increased uptake of these tracers were reported in malignant tumors and bone metastasis. He did not have malignant tumor or bone metastasis, so increased uptake of 99mTc-Tf and 99mTc-HMDP was thought to be caused by hyperactive flow with ineffective hematopoiesis. We report a case that abnormal skeletal uptake of 99mTc-Tf which was caused by ineffective hematopoiesis of myelodysplastic syndrome.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Óssea/fisiopatologia , Hematopoese/fisiologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Organofosforados , Compostos de Organotecnécio , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , CintilografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical impact of routine follow-up coronary angiography (FUCAG) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in daily clinical practice in Japan. BACKGROUND: The long-term clinical impact of routine FUCAG after PCI in real-world clinical practice has not been evaluated adequately. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial, patients who underwent successful PCI were randomly assigned to routine angiographic follow-up (AF) group, in which patients were to receive FUCAG at 8 to 12 months after PCI, or clinical follow-up alone (CF) group. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, emergency hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, or hospitalization for heart failure over a minimum of 1.5 years follow-up. RESULTS: Between May 2010 and July 2014, 700 patients were enrolled in the trial among 22 participating centers and were randomly assigned to the AF group (n = 349) or the CF group (n = 351). During a median of 4.6 years of follow-up (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.1 to 5.2 years), the cumulative 5-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 22.4% in the AF group and 24.7% in the CF group (hazard ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.67 to 1.31; p = 0.70). Any coronary revascularization within the first year was more frequently performed in AF group than in CF group (12.8% vs. 3.8%; log-rank p < 0.001), although the difference between the 2 groups attenuated over time with a similar cumulative 5-year incidence (19.6% vs. 18.1%; log-rank p = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: No clinical benefits were observed for routine FUCAG after PCI and early coronary revascularization rates were increased within routine FUCAG strategy in the current trial. (Randomized Evaluation of Routine Follow-up Coronary Angiography After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Trial [ReACT]; NCT01123291).
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologia , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Readmissão do Paciente , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adjunctive thrombus aspiration (TA) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was reported to promote better coronary and myocardial reperfusion. However, long-term mortality benefit of TA remains controversial. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical impact of TA on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CREDO-Kyoto AMI Registry is a large-scale cohort study of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing coronary revascularization in 2005-2007 at 26 hospitals in Japan. Among 5429 patients enrolled in the registry, the current study population consisted of 3536 patients who arrived at the hospital within 12 hours after the symptom onset and underwent primary PCI. Clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 patient groups with or without TA. During primary PCI procedures, 2239 out of 3536 (63%) patients underwent TA (TA group). The cumulative 5-year incidence of all-cause death was significantly lower in the TA group than in the non-TA group (18.5% versus 23.9%, log-rank P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, however, the risk for all-cause death in the TA group was not significantly lower than that in the non-TA group (hazard ratio: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.06, P=0.21). The adjusted risks for cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and target-lesion revascularization were also not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive TA during primary PCI was not associated with better 5-year mortality in STEMI patients.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Trombectomia , Idoso , Trombose Coronária/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de Registros , Trombectomia/métodos , Trombectomia/mortalidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Relation of antiplatelet therapy (APT) discontinuation with the risk of serious cardiovascular events has not been fully addressed yet. This study is aimed to evaluate the risk of ischemic event after APT discontinuation based on long-term APT status of large cohort. In the CREDO-Kyoto Registry Cohort-2 enrolling 15939 consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization, 10470 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention either with bare-metal stents (BMS) only (N=5392) or sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) only (N=5078). Proportions of patients taking dual-APT were 67.3% versus 33.4% at 1-year, and 48.7% versus 24.3% at 5-year in the SES and BMS strata, respectively. We evaluated daily APT status (dual-, single- and no-APT) and linked the adverse events to the APT status just 1-day before the events. No-APT as compared with dual- or single-APT was associated with significantly higher risk for stent thrombosis (ST) beyond 1-month after SES implantation (cumulative incidence rates beyond 1-month: 1.23 versus 0.15/0.29, P<0.001/P<0.001), while higher risk of no-APT for ST was evident only until 6-month after BMS implantation (incidence rates between 1- and 6-month: 8.43 versus 0.71/1.20, P<0.001/P<0.001, and cumulative incidence rates beyond 6-month: 0.31 versus 0.11/0.08, P=0.16/P=0.08). No-APT as compared with dual- or single-APT was also associated with significantly higher risk for spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke regardless of the types of stents implanted. Single-APT as compared with dual-APT was not associated with higher risk for serious adverse events, except for the marginally higher risk for ST in the SES stratum. In conclusion, discontinuation of both aspirin and thienopyridines was associated with increased risk for serious cardiovascular events including ST, spontaneous MI and stroke beyond 1-month after coronary stenting.
Assuntos
Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Sistema de Registros , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Trombose/etiologia , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Reestenose Coronária/patologia , Reestenose Coronária/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Tienopiridinas/uso terapêutico , Trombose/patologia , Trombose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Late adverse events such as very late stent thrombosis (VLST) or late target-lesion revascularization (TLR) after first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) implantation have not been yet fully characterized at long term in comparison with those after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 13 058 consecutive patients undergoing first percutaneous coronary intervention in the Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome study-Kyoto registry Cohort-2, 5078 patients were treated with SES only, and 5392 patients were treated with BMS only. During 7-year follow-up, VLST and late TLR beyond 1 year after SES implantation occurred constantly and without attenuation at 0.24% per year and at 2.0% per year, respectively. Cumulative 7-year incidence of VLST was significantly higher in the SES group than that in the BMS group (1.43% versus 0.68%, P<0.0001). However, there was no excess of all-cause death beyond 1 year in the SES group as compared with that in the BMS group (20.8% versus 19.6%, P=0.91). Cumulative incidences of late TLR (both overall and clinically driven) were also significantly higher in the SES group than in the BMS group (12.0% versus 4.1%, P<0.0001 and 8.5% versus 2.6%, P<0.0001, respectively), leading to late catch-up of the SES group to the BMS group regarding TLR through the entire 7-year follow-up (18.8% versus 25.2%, and 10.6% versus 10.2%, respectively). Clinical presentation as acute coronary syndrome was more common at the time of late SES TLR compared with early SES TLR (21.2% and 10.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Late catch-up phenomenon regarding stent thrombosis and TLR was significantly more pronounced with SES than that with BMS. This limitation should remain the target for improvements of DES technology.