Relationship among anogenital distance, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width at 22-36 weeks of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: The subject of current work was to determine the relationship of fetal ultrasonographic biomarkers, including anogenital distance (AGD), adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width in mothers with male fetuses at 22-36 weeks of gestation for the assessment of the effect of fetal adrenal gland producing androgens on the male anogenital structures that are exposed to androgen effects as anogenital region and penis. METHODS: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in our hospital's outpatient perinatal care unit. One hundred and seventy pregnant women with a male fetus aged 22-36 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The fetal adrenal gland length, width, and depth for the calculation of adrenal volume, AGD, and penile length and width were measured for each participant. The Pearson coefficients were calculated to assess the correlation among these parameters. RESULTS: The adrenal gland volume had a meaningful, positive moderate relationship with both the AGD (r=0.60) and penile length and width (r=0.57 and r=0.59, respectively; p<0.001). The AGD had a positive, strong correlation with the penile length and width (r=0.74 and r=0.76, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The fetal adrenal gland as one of the androgen sources of the fetus is an influencer of the development of the anogenital and penile region. The findings of the current study support that the adrenal gland considerably affects the masculinization of male fetuses, since there were remarkable correlations among the AGD, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width.

Effects of HPV Positivity in Women on Couples Sexual Behavior.

We aimed to analyze the effect of HPV positivity in women, on women's psychology, sexual health, and male sexuality. Participants in the study were sexually active patients with high-risk HPV positivity and without any cancerous and precancerous lesions in the pathological examination. Participants and their partners' sexual health were evaluated with the FSFI questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Score. The Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) form was used to determine participants' anxiety status. The presence of premature ejaculation was analyzed using the premature ejaculation diagnosis tool (PEDT) form. Comparison of FSFI scores at the time of diagnosis and one month later revealed a significant decrease (18.1 vs 15.1, p = 0.001). Partners' IEFF score decreased from 27.7 at diagnosis to 25.5(p = 0.001). The mean BAI score rose from 13.9 at diagnosis to 25.5 one month later (p = 0.001). Participants' partners had a significantly worse PEDT score one month after diagnosis (6.0 vs 10.8, p = 0.001). The present study demonstrated a significant deterioration in female psychological and sexual health caused by HPV positivity. Moreover, after their partner's diagnosis with HPV positivity, men were significantly more likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

Assessment of factors affecting attitudes and knowledge of pregnant women about COVID-19 vaccination.

The aim of this study was to analyse knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its vaccine. Pregnant women who attended outpatient maternal care between October 2020 and March 2021 were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey study. To identify the effect of baseline characteristics of participants on their vaccination decision, the pregnant women were divided into two groups as accepting or rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine. The Multiparity rate was significantly higher in the rejection group (73.8 vs. 42.3, p = .001). Education level and rate of employment in the professional health sector were significantly higher in the acceptance group (p = .001 and p = .008). A total of 103 (26.4%) pregnant women from the acceptance group, and 23 (10.9%) from the rejection group had a history of the death of relatives and acquaintances from COVID-19 (p = .001). The present study demonstrated that nulliparous status, higher education level, working as a professional healthcare provider and incidence of death in relatives due to COVID-19 significantly rise pregnant women's acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Considering the overall acceptance rate of 65%, improved vaccination programmes using all types of information sources need to be the main task to block the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? There are previous studies that evaluated the attitudes and beliefs about several vaccine types among pregnant women. An important part of tackling the COVID-19 pandemic is the success of the COVID-19 vaccination program in pregnant women. In this respect, it is important to know the attitudes of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 vaccination.What do the results of this study add? The baseline characteristics of pregnant women with or without acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination were similar regarding COVID-19 infection. The rates of being not multiparous and a health worker were higher in women with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The rate of loss of relatives was also higher in women with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. In women without acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, the major drawback was related to the possibility of harm to their baby's and own health.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In pregnant women, the attitude to COVID-19 vaccination may be modifiable by the design of focussed information media with respect to their education, occupation, and parity. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this approach can effectively increase the rate of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women.

Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos With Turkish Content as an Information Source for Gynecological Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Aim During the COVID-19 pandemic, YouTube became a critical information source for people seeking information about several diseases, including benign and malignant gynecological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos with Turkish content as an information source for gynecological cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The research was performed between December 2nd and 5th, 2020. Two gynecologists searched the terms in Turkish; 'yumurtalik kanseri, COVID-19', 'rahim kanseri, coronavirus', 'rahim agzi kanseri, COVID-19', 'kadin üreme sistemi kanseri, coronavirus', and 'jinekolojik kanserler, COVID-19'. on YouTube. 'Yumurtalik kanseri', 'rahim kanseri', 'rahim agzi kanseri', 'kadin üreme sistemi kanserleri' and 'jinekolojik kanserler' are the translations for "ovarian cancer, COVID-19", "endometrial cancer, coronavirus", "cervical cancer, COVID-19", "female reproductive system cancers, coronavirus", and "gynecological cancers, COVID-19" in the Turkish language, respectively. Videos were categorized into three groups depending on the upload source: the informative group, the personal experience group, and the news agency group. Moreover, DISCERN, the Medical Information and Content Index (MICI), the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI) were evaluated. Results A total of 57 videos were categorized as informative. Additionally, 22 videos and 18 videos were classified as patient experience videos and new agency videos, respectively. Patients who experienced videos had a significantly higher view number (p=0.001). The number of dislikes and DISCERN score were markedly better in favor of informative videos (p=0.009 and p=0.001). The MICI score was calculated as 13.0±1.8 for informative videos. The total VIQI score was 11.9 for informative videos, 8.8 for patient experience videos, and 7.2 for new agency videos (p = 0.001). Conclusions YouTube videos with Turkish content about gynecological cancers are easily accessible resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient-published videos are the most preferred YouTube videos by Turkish citizens, and informative videos have a considerably lower dislike rate. According to the MICI score and significantly better DISCERN and VIQI scores, informative videos have acceptable quality.

Value of hematological indices NLR, PLR, and MPV to determine the clinical outcome of placental abruption in women regarding stillbirth.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to elucidate the predictive value of hematological indices, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), to determine the clinical outcome of placental abruption in women regarding stillbirth. METHODS: This retrospective review of medical charts was performed in a tertiary center experienced for maternal, fetal, and neonatal care, including 89 pregnant women with placental abruption with or without stillbirth. The results of the hemogram tests with hematological indices, including the NLR, PLR, and MPV, which are the routinely obtained parameters both at admission and 4 h postoperatively, were correlated with other clinical parameters. RESULTS: The findings showed that although there were remarkable changes in some of the clinical features of women with placental abruption with or without stillbirth, in general, the study groups were found comparable regarding these variables. The values of NLR, PLR, and MPV in women with stillbirth presented remarkable changes when hemogram tests were used as pre-operative and post-operative laboratory examinations, although these changes did not correlate with each other meaningfully. CONCLUSION: Stillbirth is one of the most important complications of placental abruption requiring rapid diagnosis and regular follow-up after its surgical management. To fine-tune emergent management of placental abruption in women with stillbirth, the indices of NLR, PLR, and MPV calculated at the first admission as well as during follow-up of the patients have clinical value as easily obtainable laboratory findings like other hematological parameters.

Choice of anesthesia technique for emergent cesarean sections during COVID-19 era in a tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the change of anesthesia management for emergent cesarean sections in our tertiary care hospital in the first year of pandemic. We searched primarily for the changes in spinal to general anesthesia rate and secondarily for presented adult and neonatal intensive care needs in comparison to the year before the pandemic. We also presented the postoperative PCR tests of the emergent cesarean sections as a tertiary outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data such as anesthetic technique, need for postoperative intensive care, duration of hospital stays, postoperative PCR result, and newborn status. RESULTS: The rate of spinal anesthesia changed remarkably from 44.1% to 72.1% after the pandemic (p=0.001). The comparison of the median duration of hospital stays of the pre-pandemic group and post-pandemic group was found significantly longer than that of the before COVID-19 group (p=0.001). The rate of need for postoperative intensive care in the after COVID-19 group was higher (p=0.058). The rate of postoperative intensive care of the newborns in the after COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that of the before COVID-19 group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The spinal anesthesia rate for emergent cesarean sections increased significantly during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in tertiary care hospitals. Total health care services after the pandemic were enhanced as seen with elevated numbers of hospital stays, postoperative need of adult and neonatal intensive care.

Effects of information sources in HPV vaccine acceptance: prospective randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: No study has evaluated the impact of written and visual resources in addition to information provided by healthcare workers on the acceptance of the HPV vaccine, which is the focus of the present research. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted between September 2020 and June 2021. The first group (Group 1) was given a 20-minute informative talk by professional healthcare providers about the benefits of HPV vaccination. For Group 2, the talk from the professional healthcare worker was supplemented with a 1200-word, three-page written information source about the HPV vaccine that was given to patients. In Group 3, participants again received information from professional healthcare providers, supplemented with video content. One week after the first visit, participants' acceptance status of the HPV vaccination and concerns about the administration of HPV vaccine were reevaluated. RESULTS: At the end of the study period, 225 participants (75 for each group) were enrolled. After the education protocol, concerns about the HPV vaccination significantly decreased in Group 3 in compared with the other groups (p = 0.001). The HPV vaccine acceptance rate increased from 26.7% to 56.0% in group 1, from 24.0% to 58.7% in group 2, and from 28.0% to 82.7% in group 3 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that information from the video supplementing the professional health worker's talk was associated with significantly lower anxiety and concern level about the HPV vaccine, and significantly higher the HPV vaccine acceptance rate.

Short-term outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in the first, second, and third trimesters: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be asymptomatic or symptomatic in pregnant women. Compared to non-pregnant reproductive-aged women, symptomatic individuals appear to have a higher risk of acquiring severe illness sequelae. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients unvaccinated for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 according to the trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Turkey. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of 445 pregnant COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and 149 other pregnant women as controls in a tertiary center from April 2020 to December 2021. All participants were unvaccinated. RESULTS: Overall, the study groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinical pregnancy characteristics. There was no clear difference among the study participants with COVID-19 in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. However, a considerably high number of clinical and laboratory findings revealed differences that were consistent with the inflammatory nature of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reveal the importance of careful follow-up of hospitalized cases as a necessary step by means of regular clinical and laboratory examinations in pregnant COVID-19 patients. With further studies, after implementing vaccination programs for COVID-19 in pregnant women, these data may help determine the impact of vaccination on the outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients.

Short-term outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in the first, second, and third trimesters: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be asymptomatic or symptomatic in pregnant women. Compared to non-pregnant reproductive-aged women, symptomatic individuals appear to have a higher risk of acquiring severe illness sequelae. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients unvaccinated for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 according to the trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Turkey. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of 445 pregnant COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and 149 other pregnant women as controls in a tertiary center from April 2020 to December 2021. All participants were unvaccinated. RESULTS: Overall, the study groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinical pregnancy characteristics. There was no clear difference among the study participants with COVID-19 in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. However, a considerably high number of clinical and laboratory findings revealed differences that were consistent with the inflammatory nature of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reveal the importance of careful follow-up of hospitalized cases as a necessary step by means of regular clinical and laboratory examinations in pregnant COVID-19 patients. With further studies, after implementing vaccination programs for COVID-19 in pregnant women, these data may help determine the impact of vaccination on the outcomes of pregnant COVID-19 patients.

Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a dermoid cyst: a rare malignancy in young women and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Benign or mature cystic teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are composed of mature tissues, which can contain elements of all three germ cell layers. Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma is more common in postmenopausal women, however, it can also, rarely, be identified in younger women. We present a case of a 19-year-old woman with malignant transformation of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. CASE REPORT: Our case was a 19-year-old woman, who was diagnosed postoperatively with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma. She underwent right cystectomy for adnexal mass. Postoperative metastatic workup revealed a non-metastatic disease and the patient did not undergo any further treatment. After 2 months, a near-total thyroidectomy was performed. Serum thyroglobulin levels were monitored on follow-up and the patient is asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Malignant transformation of a dermoid cyst is a rare ovarian neoplasm. We believe that unilateral oophorectomy or cystectomy is a reasonable treatment option for cases in which there is no evidence of capsular invasion, vascular invasion or gross metastasis, and preservation of fertility is desired. Total thyroidectomy was diagnosed in selected cases. Serial serum thyroglobulin should be used as a tumor marker for follow-up.