Outcomes of macular hole surgery with short-duration positioning in highly myopic eyes: a case-control study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of macular hole (MH) surgery with 3-day prone positioning in highly myopic eyes and to compare them with those from non-highly myopic eyes. DESIGN: Retrospective nested case-control study from a cohort of 496 consecutive patients (496 eyes) who underwent surgery for MH. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven highly myopic eyes (with axial length >26 mm) were included in the study group and were matched for MH size and duration of symptoms with 47 non-highly myopic control eyes selected from the same cohort. METHODS: All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and 17% hexafluoroethane gas filling. Patients then were advised to maintain strict face-down positioning for 3 days only and to avoid the supine position during the night for a minimum of 1 week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The MH closure rate, the relationship between axial length and closure rate, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the surgical complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean axial length was 28.5±2.2 mm in highly myopic eyes and 23.3±1.1 mm in controls (P < 0.001). Closure of the MH was achieved in 39 of 47 eyes (83%) in the study group and in 45 of 47 eyes (95.7%) in the control group (P = 0.045). Anatomic outcomes tended to decrease when axial length increased (P = 0.066). Mean BCVA improved in both groups (0.41±0.39 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] vs. 0.68±0.34 logMAR) but was significantly lower in highly myopic eyes (P < 0.001). Retinal detachment occurred in 8.5% of highly myopic patients versus 2.1% of controls, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgery with 3-day postoperative positioning in highly myopic eyes resulted in satisfactory anatomic and functional outcomes. However, the MH closure rate and mean improvement of visual acuity were less favorable than those in control eyes. Longer axial length may increase the risk of anatomic failure.

Estimating the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in the Lorraine region, France, by the capture-recapture method.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Lorraine region, in France. METHODS: Data from three sources - Regional Health Insurance System, medical records departments and the Lorraine registry of MS - and a capture-recapture method with log-linear models were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of MS. RESULTS: We identified 7193 records of reported MS corresponding to 4299 unique suspected cases of MS existing on 31 December 2008, in Lorraine. On the basis of the 4001 validated cases, the observed crude prevalence of MS was 170.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 165.7; 176.3), and the observed annual crude incidence of MS was 4.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 3.6; 5.4). With the capture-recapture method, the estimated prevalence of MS was 4405.7 (95% CI: 4261.5; 4629.7), so an estimated 405 cases were not identified by the three sources. The estimated prevalence was 188.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 182.7; 193.8), and the estimated annual incidence was 8.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 7.3; 9.7). CONCLUSIONS: The capture-recapture method allowed us to estimate an additional 10.1% of unobserved prevalent cases and to anticipate 47.5% of unobserved incident cases.

Estimating the prevalence of systemic sclerosis in the Lorraine region, France, by the capture-recapture method.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the Lorraine region, France. METHODS: Data from three sources - general practitioners and community and hospital specialists, medical records departments, and regional and national laboratories-and a capture-recapture method with log-linear models were used to estimate SSc prevalence in the region. Double recording was checked, and reported cases were validated after a review of medical records. RESULTS: We identified 560 records of suspected SSc cases corresponding to 327 unique suspected SSc cases existing on June 30, 2006, in Lorraine. On the basis of the 193 validated cases (22 [11.4%] with diffuse disease, 136 [70.5%] with limited disease, 31 [16.1%] with limited involvement and 4 unknown), the observed overall crude prevalence of SSc was 105.4 cases per million adult inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.0; 121.4). With the capture-recapture method, the estimated number of SSc cases was 233 (95% CI: 217.3; 260.0), so an estimated 40 cases were not identified by the three sources. The estimated overall prevalence was 132.2 cases per million adult inhabitants (95% CI: 115.8; 154.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first estimate of SSc prevalence in the Lorraine region. The capture-recapture method allowed us to estimate an additional 21% of unobserved cases and is a good alternative to the community-based study design for estimating the prevalence of rare diseases.