Herpes Simplex Type One as the Predominant Cause of Genital Herpes in College Students.

BACKGROUND: Genital herpes etiology has been shifting to include a greater proportion of herpes simplex type one (HSV-1) infection in the last few decades. A prior study published in 2003 found that 48.9% of infections in a college health population were HSV-1. METHODS: We evaluated the number of positive herpes simplex virus PCR tests obtained from anogenital sites from undergraduate and graduate students from 2013 - 2022 in a college health clinic setting and analyzed the number caused by HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and compared by sex. This was then compared to the prior study from 1993-2001. RESULTS: We received 691 (of 2685 samples) positive PCR results for HSV of both types in the period analyzed. Overall, 600 (86.8%) of these were HSV-1 and 520 (75.2%) were in female patients. The prior study in 1993-2001 found that 48.9% (244/675) of all positive tests were HSV-1; we observed an increase in the percentage of positive HSV-1 over all positive tests of 1.8 (chi square: 16.548; p value: <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that 86.8% of the positive genital HSV tests from 2013-2022 were HSV-1. This shows that most positive HSV tests in this setting are now HSV-1, a substantial increase from the previous study in our clinic.

Parasite assemblages in volatile host stocks: inter- and intra-cohort variability restrict their value as biological tags for squid stock assessment.

The Argentine shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, inhabits in the southwest Atlantic; it is a semelparous species which grows rapidly along its 1 year lifespan. The identification of its stocks is critical for sustainable fishery exploitation. Parasites have been used as biological indicators in a lower number of studies dealing with squids, therefore a validation of this methodology is necessary. The intra- and inter-cohort variability of parasite assemblages in the summer-spawning stock of I. argentinus was analysed to assess their value as indicators of stock structure. Four squid samples from the continental shelf of central Patagonia, corresponding to 3 consecutive cohorts, were examined for metazoan parasites. Results evidenced heterogeneity in terms of parasite assemblage composition and structure, dominated by short-lived gastrointestinal parasites, with a strong influence of host size, but no effect of squid sex. These changes are related to their recent habitats and diets, which change with ontogeny and migrations, clouding any interpretation of patterns when samples spatially or temporally separated are compared. Many squid species share these characteristics; therefore, it is recommended that the use of parasites as biological tags should be restricted to simultaneous sampling, while size or age must be considered for deriving proper conclusions.

BCR-ABL Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Impact on Survival.

This is the largest Latin American study of BCR-ABL mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, resistant to imatinib (IM). In 195/467 (41%) patients, mutations were detected. The most frequent mutation was T315I (n = 31, 16%). Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were lower in patients with BCR-ABL mutations (43% vs. 65%, p = 0.07 and 47% vs. 72%, p = 0.03, respectively) and in those with the T315I mutation (p = 0.003 and p = 0.03). OS and PFS were superior in subgroup who switched to second generation inhibitors (SGIs) after IM failure (OS: 50% vs. 39% p = 0.01; PFS: 48% vs. 30% p = 0.02). BCR-ABL mutations conferred a significant poor prognosis in CML patients.

BCR-ABL mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and impact on survival.

This is the largest Latin American study of BCR-ABL mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, resistant to imatinib (IM). In 195/467 (41%) patients, mutations were detected. The most frequent mutation was T315I (n = 31, 16%). Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were lower in patients with BCR-ABL mutations (43% vs. 65%, p = 0.07 and 47% vs. 72%, p = 0.03, respectively) and in those with the T315I mutation (p = 0.003 and p = 0.03). OS and PFS were superior in subgroup who switched to second generation inhibitors (SGIs) after IM failure (OS: 50% vs. 39% p = 0.01; PFS: 48% vs. 30% p = 0.02). BCR-ABL mutations conferred a significant poor prognosis in CML patients.

Challenges for assessment of cohabiting stocks of argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus using parasites as biological tags.

The Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus is one of the most important commercial species for the Argentine fisheries. The understanding of its stock structure is therefore necessary to ensure fishery sustainability and, given the relevance of squids in the regional food web, for biodiversity conservation. An overlap between parasitology and fisheries lies in the use of parasites as biological tags to identify the stock composition of exploited resources, however, the efficiency of this methodology has been questioned for stock assessment in cephalopods. In this work, the value of parasite assemblages of I. argentinus to discriminate between the co-occurring summer spawning stock (SSS) and south patagonic stock (SPS) in a mixing area over the Patagonian continental shelf during summer was evaluated for two cohorts. Five shortfin squid samples corresponding to SSS and SPS were examined for metazoan parasites. The squid size affected the parasite assemblage similarities, conversely, no gender effect on the infracommunities was observed. Multivariate analysis evidenced similarity in parasite assemblage composition and structure between both stocks captured in the mixing area on the same date. This similarity was related to the presence of short-lived trophically transmitted parasites, which are associated with their recently consumed food items and, indirectly, to the oceanographic conditions. The same set of host and environmental variables were identified as the most probable causes of the temporal variability observed in parasite assemblages between SPS cohorts and even intra-cohort. Despite the value of parasites as tags for discriminating squid stocks may have little value when cohabiting stocks are analysed, their variability could serve as a valuable indicator of environmental conditions. The use of parasites as biological tags to discriminate stocks needs to be verified at different spatiotemporal scales, including samples from other non-sympatric stocks in the analyses.

[Spider diversity in cultures of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in Corrientes province, Argentina]. / Diversidad de Araneae en cultivos de Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina.

Spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. In spite that the presence of spider assemblages has been described in different crop plants, no reports have been done for Citrus species in Argentina. We studied the spider community associated with cultures of Citrus sinensis in the province of Corrientes, Argentina, in two plots (AM1 irrigated and AM2 unirrigated) of 0.82 hectares each. Spiders were collected monthly by using pitfall traps, hand capture, agitation of foliage and sieving of soil litter. A total of 7174 specimens were collected (33 families, 44 genera and 200 species/morphospecies). The AM1 recorded 3811 individuals (33 families, 179 species/morphospecies) and AM2 3363 individuals (31 families, 174 species/morphospecies). November, December and January showed the highest abundance in both plots. A total of 70% of collected spiders were juveniles. Eight families were the most abundant and represented 75% of spiders collected in both plots, the largest being Lycosidae. We identified eight guilds in both plots, for which the ground runners resulted the most abundant (AM1 n = 1341, s=39, n=999 AM2, s = 33), followed by orb weavers (AM1 n = 637, s = 36; AM2 n = 552, s = 33), the stalkers (AM1 n = 471, s = 43, AM2 n = 453, s = 47) and the space web-builders (AM1 n = 446, s = 23; AM2 n = 342, s = 25). The analysis of alpha diversity in both plots (AM1H' = 4.161, J' = 0.802; AM2 H' = 4.184, J' = 0.811) showed no significant differences (t = 1.083 p = 0.279). The linear dependences model was the one with the best fit results, where the species observed were more than estimated. Clench model estimated 90.9% of the spiders observed in the unit with irrigation and 90.6% in the unit without irrigation.

Psychiatric medication prescriptions increasing for college students above and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psychiatric medication prescriptions for college students have been rising since 2007, with approximately 17% of college students prescribed medication for a mental health issue. This increase mirrors overall increases in both mental health diagnoses and treatment of university students. As psychiatric medication prescriptions for college students were increasing prior to pandemic, the goal of this study was to compare these prescriptions over the years, while accounting for the added stressor of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilized cross-sectional, retrospective data from a cohort of college students receiving care from the university's health service. We examined prescriptions for mental healthcare from 2015 to 2021. There was a significant increase in the percentage of psychiatric medication prescriptions in 2020 (baseline 15.8%; threshold 3.5%) and 2021 (baseline 41.3%; threshold 26.3%) compared to the historical baseline average for the whole sample and as well as for female students (2020 baseline 21.3% and threshold 4.6%; 2021 baseline 55.1% and threshold 33.7%). Within these years, we found higher trends for prescriptions in April-May as well as September-December. Overall, we found that psychiatric medication prescriptions have continued to rise through the years, with a large increase occurring during the pandemic. In addition, we found that these increases reflect the academic year, which is important for university health centers to consider when they are planning to staff clinics and plan the best way to treat college students with mental health difficulties in the future.

Socioeconomic inequities of COVID-19 mortality in vulnerable Comunas of the City of Buenos Aires.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the gap in health inequities was exposed and increased, showing how different vulnerable groups were affected. Our aim was to examine the correlation between an area-based health inequity index and mortality due to COVID-19 in people 60 years old or above in the City of Buenos Aires in 2020. We developed a Health Inequity Composite Index (HICI), including six core indicators. Each indicator value per Comuna was first standardized to a Z-score. All six Z-scores were summed into a final composite Z-score to rank the Comunas from lowest to highest social inequities. Comunas from the northern part of the city had lower inequities whereas those in the south had higher levels of inequities. COVID-19 age-standardized mortality rate in people 60 years or above was higher in the Comunas from the south and lower in those from the north. Finally, we found a strong positive correlation (Rho = 0.83, p < 0.0001 CI95% = 0.65-0.99) between HICI and age-standardized mortality rates from COVID-19 in people 60 years or above. Our finding of a strong correlation between the levels of health inequity and mortality calls for a concerted effort in narrowing or eliminating existing inequities.

Long-term treatment-free remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after second-line nilotinib: ENESTop 5-year update.

The ENESTop study evaluated treatment-free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase who had received ≥3 years of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and achieved sustained deep molecular response only after switching from imatinib to nilotinib. After 1-year nilotinib consolidation, 126 patients attempted TFR. At 48 weeks (primary analysis), 57.9% (73/126) were in TFR. In the present analysis at 5 years, 42.9% (54/126) were in TFR. Since the 48-week analysis, among patients who left the TFR phase, 58% (11/19) did not have a loss of molecular response and discontinued for other reasons. Of the 59 patients who reinitiated nilotinib upon loss of major molecular response (MMR) or confirmed loss of MR4, 98.3% regained MMR, 94.9% regained MR4, and 93.2% regained MR4.5. Overall adverse event rates decreased over the 5 years of TFR. In patients reinitiating nilotinib, there was a cumulative increase in cardiovascular events with longer nilotinib exposure. No disease progression or CML-related deaths were reported. Overall, these results confirm the durability and safety of TFR for patients receiving second-line nilotinib. Cardiovascular risk should be carefully managed, particularly when reinitiating treatment after TFR.

Modificaciones en la mortalidad por causas diferentes a COVID-19 durante el primer año de pandemia en Argentina, 2020 / Changes in non-COVID mortality during the first year of the pandemic in Argentina, 2020

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN En 2020, primer año de pandemia (AP) de COVID-19, Argentina focalizó las acciones en la nueva enfermedad y dejó relegado el monitoreo de las otras (noCOV). El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la mortalidad por causas noCOV durante el AP con respecto a los 5 años del período previo a la pandemia (PPP) MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio transversal con fuentes de datos secundarias y base poblacional nacional. Se utilizó la causa básica de muerte, desagregada a nivel de capítulo y grupos según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10a revisión. Se estimaron las tasas brutas (TBM) y ajustadas (TAM) de mortalidad, comparando con test t y considerando como significativo un valor p<0,05. Se calculó el exceso de mortalidad (EM) realizando la diferencia entre el número de defunciones noCOV del AP y el intervalo de confianza del 95% superior o inferior de la media de casos del PPP RESULTADOS La TBM disminuyó 9,1%, y el EM fue de -4,5%. Salvo en el caso de la diabetes mellitus y las enfermedades respiratorias sin especificar, la TAM disminuyó significativamente durante el AP. La mayor variación de TBM fue por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas en menores de 19 años y por accidentes de transporte en adultos de 20 a 59 años y de 60 años o más (reducción de 46,3% y 48,8%, respectivamente) DISCUSIÓN Durante el AP hubo una disminución de la mortalidad por noCOV especialmente en el caso de las infecciones respiratorias agudas y los accidentes de tránsito.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION During 2020, the first year of the pandemic (YP), Argentina focused the actions on the new disease, leaving aside the monitoring of diseases other than COVID-19 (non-COV). The objective of this work was to compare mortality from non-COV causes during the YP with respect to the 5 years of the pre-pandemic period (PPP) METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data sources and national population-based data. The basic cause of death was disaggregated at the chapter and group level according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Crude (CMR) and adjusted mortality rates (AMR) were estimated, comparing with t-test and considering significant a p-value<0.05. Excess mortality (EM) was calculated as the difference between the number of non-COV deaths in the YP and the upper or lower 95% confidence interval (CI95%) of the mean number of PPP cases RESULTS The CMR decreased by 9.1% and EM was -4.5%. Except for diabetes mellitus and unspecified respiratory diseases, the AMR showed a significant reduction during the YP. The greatest variation of CMR was due to acute lower respiratory infections in people under 19 years of age and due to transport accidents in adults aged 20 to 59 years and adults aged 60 or older (reduction of 46.3% and 48.8%, respectively) DISCUSSION During the YP there was a decrease in mortality due to non-COV causes, especially those related to acute respiratory infections and transport accidents.

Demersal and pelagic species of fish and squid from the Patagonian shelf.

The dataset contains 2007 records of occurrence of 39 species of fish and 2 species of squid distributed on the Patagonian continental shelf and slope. This dataset describes a new and revised version of the original data published through OBIS with individual morphometrics. Specimens are representative of pelagic, demersal, demersal-pelagic, demersal-benthic and benthic habits and they were collected by commercial fishing vessels in autumn (May-June, 2001, 51 catches), winter (July-August, 2001, 38 catches) and summer (January-February, 2002, 112 catches). The sampling was carried out with bottom trawls at a depth range of 73-370 m. The survey was located between 39°-52°S and 55°-65°W.

Prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy in management protocols of patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates.

INTRODUCTION: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) linked to bisphosphonate treatment has specific characteristics that render its therapeutic management challenging for clinicians. Poor response to standard treatment makes it essential to take special precautions when treating this type of disease; therefore, antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy have been proposed as effective and helpful tools in these situations. OBJECTIVES: This article seeks to assess published evidence in order to evaluate the different protocols used for antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy in the general context of patients treated with bisphosphonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature review of the last 10 years was carried out in PubMed using the following keywords: "antibiotic prophylaxis and osteonecrosis," "bisphosphonates AND osteonecrosis AND dental management," "bisphosphonate AND osteonecrosis AND antibiotic prophylaxis AND oral surgery." A total of 188 articles were obtained, of which 18 were ultimately selected. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates without chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, antibiotic prophylaxis prior to oral surgery is an important tool to avoid osteonecrosis and promote healing of the affected area. If the patient previously exhibited chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis after tooth extraction, antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated to prevent recurrent osteonecrosis and promote healing of the extraction site. If chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis is already present, antibiotic therapy is a vital part of conservative management to reduce the symptomatology of MRONJ and keep it from worsening. Finally, a lack of clinical data and randomized controlled trials makes it difficult to choose the most appropriate protocol for the various clinical situations studied. Key words:Bisphosphonates, antibiotic prophylaxis, maxillary osteonecrosis, antibiotic treatment.

EXAMEN CLÍNICO OBJETIVO ESTRUCTURADO como innovación pedagógica y como parte del Examen Final de competencias de la carrera de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Nordeste-Corrientes, Argentina / STRUCTURED OBJECTIVE CLINICAL EXAMINATION as a pedagogical innovation and as part of the Final Competency Exam of the Medicine degree. National Northeast University-Corrientes, Argentina

Actualmente la tendencia en educación médica, es construir los proyectos pedagógicos basados en competencias. El aprendizaje en competencias posibilita la articulación teoría y práctica, y favorece la adquisición de aprendizajes significativos, lo que permitevalorar los procesos cognitivos de orden superior, tales como, razonamiento clínico, resolución de problemas, pensamiento crítico y habilidades de comunicación. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la Práctica Obligatoria Final de la Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste,situada en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina.Tuvo como objetivo determinar lavalidez y confiabilidad del Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE), como instrumento de evaluación, para constatar la adquisición de las competencias del egresado. Para ello se utilizó el Examen denominado (ECOE), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE por las siglas en inglés). Lainvestigación fuedescriptiva y de corte transversal. La población en estudio estuvo constituida por302estudiantes, que rindieron su examen final profesional, en el período diciembre 2005 a septiembre de 2008, desarrolladosen 14 turnos.Los resultadosmuestranla correlación entre el promedio de calificaciones de los 6 años de la carrera yel de competencia clínica (ECOE) en cada turno de examen y en cada área evaluada: Clínica, Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia. Los resultados muestran que los exámenes, son de alta confiabilidad, con un rango entre 0,45 y 0,82 deAlfa de Cronbach. El promedio entre las correlaciones es de 0,65 lo que demuestra significancia estadística. Se demostró además, la validez en los catorce exámenes aplicados, con las pruebas de Anova, pruebas de Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis lo cual indica que el número de estaciones fueron suficientes para lograr lo esperado de los estudiantes. Conclusión: el ECOE es una alternativa de evaluación de las competencias del futuro profesional médico que demostró confiabilidad y validez.Currently the trend in medical education is to build pedagogical projects based on competencies. Competency learning enables the articulation of theory and practice, and favors the acquisition of significant learning, which makes it possible to assess higher order cognitive processes, such as clinical reasoning, problem solving, critical thinking and communication skills. This research was developed in the Final Compulsory Practice of the Medicine Course of the National University of Norwest, located in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. Its objective was to determine the validity and reliability of theStructured Objective Clinical Exam (ECOE), as an evaluation instrument, to verify the acquisition of the graduate's competencies. For this, the so-called Test (ECOE), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was used. The investigation was descriptive and cross-sectional. The study population consisted of 302 students, who took their final professional exam, in the period December 2005 to September 2008, developed in 14 career and the clinical competence (ECOE) in each exam shift and in each area evaluated: Clinic, Surgery, Pediatrics and Obstetrics. The results show that the exams are highly reliable, with a range between 0.45 and 0.82 of Cronbach's Alpha. The average between the correlations is 0.65 which demonstrates statistical significance. In addition, the validity of the fourteen exams applied was demonstrated, with the Anova tests, Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, which indicates that the number of stations was sufficient to achieve what was expected of the students. Conclusion: ECOE is an alternative for evaluating the competencies of the future medical professional who demonstrated reliability and validity.Atualmente, a tendência na educação médica é construir projetos pedagógicos baseados em competências. O aprendizado por competência possibilita a articulação entre teoria e prática e favorece a aquisição de aprendizado significativo, o que possibilita avaliar processos cognitivos de ordem superior, como raciocínio clínico, resolução de problemas, pensamento crítico e habilidades de comunicação. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Prática Compulsória Final do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Nacional del Nordeste, localizada na província de Corrientes, Argentina. O seu objetivo foi determinar a validade e a confiabilidade do Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado (ECOE), como instrumento de avaliação, para verificar a aquisição das competências do graduado. Para isso, foi utilizado o chamado Teste (ECOE), Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado (OSCE). A investigação foi descritiva e transversal. A população do estudo foi composta por 302 alunos, que fizeram o exame profissional final, no período de dezembro de 2005a setembro de 2008, desenvolvido em 14 turnos.Os resultados mostram a correlação entre a média de notas da carreira de 6 anos e a competência clínica (ECOE) em cada turno de exame e em cada área avaliada: Clínica, Cirurgia, Pediatria e Obstetrícia. Os resultados mostram que os exames são altamente confiáveis, com intervalo entre 0,45 e 0,82 do Alpha de Cronbach. A média entre as correlações é de 0,65, o que demonstra significância estatística. Além disso, foi demonstrada a validade dos quatorze exames aplicados, com os testes Anova, Mann Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, o que indica que o número de estações foi suficiente para atingir o que era esperado dos alunos. Conclusão: o ECOE é uma avaliação alternativa das competências do futuro profissional médico que demonstrou confiabilidade e validade

A vertigem na continuidade da escrita psicanalítica: experiência de um grupo de estudos / The vertigo in the continuity of psychoanalytic writing: a study group's experience / El vértigo en la continuidad de la escritura psicoanalítica: experiencia de un grupo de estudios / Le vertige dans la continuité de l'écriture psychanalytique: l'expérience d'un groupe d'études

Os autores deste ensaio - componentes de um grupo de estudos a respeito da escrita em psicanálise - expõem comentários sobre o conto "Continuidade dos parques", de Julio Cortázar. Não se propõem a um exercício de psicanálise aplicada. Em vez disso, partindo do conceito de "psicanálise implicada", de Alain Grosrichard (1990), desenvolvido por João Frayze-Pereira (2005), pretendem investigar o quanto podemos, seguindo o exemplo de Sigmund Freud e sua valorização dos insights intuitivos dos artistas, aprender a respeito da vida mental com base no mestre argentino.

In this paper, the authors, who are members of a study group on psychoanalytic writing, present their considerations on "Continuity of parks", a short story written by Julio Cortázar. The authors' purpose is not an exercise of applied psychoanalysis. On the contrary, they attempt to investigate, by following the example of Sigmund Freud in valuing the intuitive insights of artists, how much we may learn about mental life from the Argentinean master's narrative. To this end, the authors start from the concept of "implied psychoanalysis", which was created by Alain Grosrichard (1990) and developed by João Frayze-Pereira (2006).

Los autores de este ensayo - integrantes de un grupo de estudios sobre la escritura en psicoanálisis - exponen comentarios sobre el cuento "Continuidad de los parques" de Julio Cortázar. No se proponen hacer un ejercicio de psicoanálisis aplicado, sino que, partiendo del concepto de "psicoanálisis implicado" de Alain Grosrichard (1990), desarrollado por João Frayze-Pereira (2006) y siguiendo el ejemplo de Sigmund Freud al compartir su valorización de los insights intuitivos de los artistas, procuran investigar en qué medida se puede aprender sobre la vida mental a partir de la obra del maestro argentino.

Les auteurs de cet essai - participants d'un groupe d'études consacré à l'écriture en psychanalyse - tissent des commentaires sur le conte "Continuité des parcs", de Julio Cortázar. Ils ne se proposent pas de faire un exercice de psychanalyse appliquée. En revanche, partant du concept de "psychanalyse impliquée", proposé par Alain Grosrichard (1900) et développé par João Frayze--Pereira (2006), ils envisagent d'examiner combien est-il possible - suivant l'exemple de Sigmund Freud et sa mise en valeur des insights intuitifs des artistes - d'apprendre sur la vie mentale à partir du texte de ce grand écrivain argentin.

Mortality, severe acute respiratory infection, and influenza-like illness associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Argentina, 2009.

INTRODUCTION: While there is much information about the burden of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in North America, little data exist on its burden in South America. METHODS: During April to December 2009, we actively searched for persons with severe acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness (ILI) in three sentinel cities. A proportion of case-patients provided swabs for influenza testing. We estimated the number of case-patients that would have tested positive for influenza by multiplying the number of untested case-patients by the proportion who tested positive. We estimated rates by dividing the estimated number of case-patients by the census population after adjusting for the proportion of case-patients with missing illness onset information and ILI case-patients who visited physicians multiple times for one illness event. RESULTS: We estimated that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 mortality rate per 100,000 person-years (py) ranged from 1.5 among persons aged 5-44 years to 5.6 among persons aged ≥ 65 years. A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalization rates per 100,000 py ranged between 26.9 among children aged <5 years to 41.8 among persons aged ≥ 65 years. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 ILI rates per 100 py ranged between 1.6 among children aged <5 to 17.1 among persons aged 45-64 years. While 9 (53%) of 17 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 decedents with available data had obesity and 7 (17%) of 40 had diabetes, less than 4% of surviving influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 case-patients had these pre-existing conditions (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 caused a similar burden of disease in Argentina as in other countries. Such disease burden suggests the potential value of timely influenza vaccinations.

Diversidad de Araneae en cultivos de Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina / Spider diversity in cultures of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in Corrientes province, Argentina

Spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. In spite that the presence of spider assemblages has been described in different crop plants, no reports have been done for Citrus species in Argentina. We studied the spider community associated with cultures of Citrus sinensis in the province of Corrientes, Argentina, in two plots (AM1 irrigated and AM2 unirrigated) of 0.82 hectares each. Spiders were collected monthly by using pitfall traps, hand capture, agitation of foliage and sieving of soil litter. A total of 7 174 specimens were collected (33 families, 44 genera and 200 species/morphospecies). The AM1 recorded 3 811 individuals (33 families, 179 species/morphospecies) and AM2 3 363 individuals (31 families, 174 spe- cies/morphospecies). November, December and January showed the highest abundance in both plots. A total of 70% of collected spiders were juveniles. Eight families were the most abundant and represented 75% of spiders collected in both plots, the largest being Lycosidae. We identified eight guilds in both plots, for which the ground runners resulted the most abundant (AM1 n=1341, s=39, n=999 AM2, s=33), followed by orb weavers (AM1 n=637, s=36; AM2 n=552, s=33), the stalkers (AM1 n=471, s=43, AM2 n=453, s=47) and the space web- builders (AM1 n=446, s=23; AM2 n=342, s=25). The analysis of alpha diversity in both plots (AM1H’=4.161, J’=0.802; AM2 H’=4.184, J’=0.811) showed no significant differences (t=1.083 p=0.279). The linear dependences model was the one with the best fit results, where the species observed were more than estimated. Clench model estimated 90.9% of the spiders observed in the unit with irrigation and 90.6% in the unit without irrigation.

Las arañas son ideales como indicadores de cambios ecológicos por su diversidad y abundancia. En la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, se estudiaron arañas de Citrus sinensis en parcelas de 0.82 hectáreas, con riego (AM1) y sin riego (AM2). Mediante pitfall, agitación de follaje, captura manual y tamizado de hojarasca se recolectaron 7 174 ejemplares (33 familias, 44 géneros y 200 especies/morfoespecies), el 70% fueron juveniles. AM1 registró 3 811 individuos (33 familias, 179 especies/morfoespecies) y AM2 3 363 (31 familias, 174 especies/morfoespecies). Durante el verano se observó la mayor abundancia. En ambas parcelas, ocho familias representaron el 75% del total, Lycosidae fue la más numerosa y se identificaron ocho gremios; las vagabundas de suelo fueron las más abundantes (AM1 n=1341, s=39; AM2 n=999, s=33) seguida por las constructoras de telas orbiculares (AM1 n=637, s=36; AM2 n=552, s=33), las cazadoras al acecho (AM1 n=471, s=43; AM2 n=453, s=47) y las de telas espaciales (AM1 n=446, s=23; AM2 n=342, s=25. La diversidad alfa en ambas parcelas (AM1 H’=4.161, J’=0.802; AM2 H’=4.184, J’=0.811) no mostró diferencias significativas (t=1.083, p=0.279). El modelo de dependencia lineal fue el que mejor ajustó los resultados. El modelo de Clench estimó el 90.9% de las observadas en AM1 y el 90.6% en la AM2.

Sonhar é preciso: viver não é preciso / Dreaming is necessary: living is not

Os sonhos foram centrais na fundação e no desenvolvimento de toda a teoriade Freud e têm sido motivo de estudo, discussão e entendimento ao longo daevolução do pensamento e da técnica psicanalítica. No caso clínico que descrevoneste trabalho, os sonhos têm particular importância. Estes são algunsdos motivos que me instigaram à elaboração do mesmo, no qual apresentouma vinheta clínica da evolução de uma psicoterapia de orientação analítica.Dessa vinheta foram trabalhados dois sonhos que entendi como progressivos,por demonstrarem o mesmo conteúdo onírico, porém simbolizado deforma ampliada. Essa diferença na encenação onírica foi entendida como um dos sinais de evolução da psicoterapia e, desta forma, um dos indicadores demudança psíquica. Associado ao material clínico, descrevo uma breve revisãoteórica de alguns dos conceitos de Freud sobre sonhos.

Dreams were crucial in the foundation and development of the whole Freudiantheory. Dreams have been studied, discussed and understood throughout theevolution of psychoanalytic thought and technique, being particularlyimportant in the clinical case described in this study. These are some of themotives that led me to develop it, presenting a clinical vignette of the evolutionof a psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Two dreams described in this vignette weredelved on, which were seen as progressive due to their showing the sameoneiric content, however variously symbolized. This difference in oneiricstaging was understood as one of the signs of psychotherapeutic evolutionand, thus, one of the indicators of psychic change. In association with theclinical material, a brief theoretical review on some Freudian concepts ofdreams is sketched.

Estudio transversal de la Enfermedad de Chagas en un área endémica de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina / Transversal study on Chagas´ disease in an endemic area of Corrientes Province, Argentina

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la presencia de triatominos en ecotopos domésticos y extradomésticos, conocer el índice de infección natural de Triatoma infestans y estimar la prevalencia humana de anticuerpos contra el Trypanosoma cruzi. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en primavera del 2008 y verano - otoño del 2009 en viviendas seleccionadas al azar de áreas rurales del Departamento San Luis del Palmar, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. El diagnóstico de la infección chagásica se realizó a voluntarios mediante las pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta, inmunofluorescencia indirecta y ensayo inmunoenzimático. Se investigaron 27 domicilios, de los cuales el 29,6% (8/27) estaban infestados por T. infestans. Se colectaron 50 ejemplares de todas las edades y el 7,0% resultaron infectados por T. cruzi. Se exploraron 24 peridomicilios y un 20,8% (5/24) resultaron positivos, capturándose 157 individuos de T. sordida, ninguno de los cuales resultó infectado. La prevalencia global de los 163 voluntarios fue 11,7% (19/163) y en el grupo 0 -10 años fue 4,8%. La realidad de San Luis del Palmar no responde a exitosas condiciones de control y si bien la infestación doméstica por T. infestans fue moderada, la transmisión del T. cruzi sigue activa, por lo que se concluye que este departamento no reúne las condiciones de baja endemicidad.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate triatomine presence in domestic and extradomestic ecotopes, to determine the Triatoma infestans natural infection index and to estimate human seroprevalence to Trypanosoma cruzi. Samplings were performed in spring 2008 and summer- autumm 2009 in randomly selected households in rural areas of Department San Luis del Palmar, Corrientes Province, Argentina. Diagnosis of Chagas infection was performed combining Indirect Hemagglutination Test; Indirect Immunofluorescence Test and Indirect Immunoenzimatic assay on voluntary residents.Twenty seven human dwellings were analyzed and 29.6% (8/27) were infested by T. infestans. A total of 50 T. infestans of all age classes were collected and T. cruzi infection was confirmed in 7.0%. Only 20.8% (5/24) of the twenty four extradomestic ecotopes were positive and 157 T. sordida were captured, none of them were infected. Serological study of 163 human volunteers showed that 11.7% (19/163) were seroreactive, the prevalence observed in the 0 - 10 age group was 4.8%. At San Luis del Palmar the control actions are not successful, and although the T. infestans domestic infestation is mild, there is an active T. cruzi transmission of Chagas. These results show that the endemicity at this department is not low.