[Synovial chondromatosis]. / Sinovial'nyi khondromatoz.

Synovial chondromatosis is characterized by formation of cartilaginous nodes, possibly with ossification, in the synovial membrane of the joints, tendons, and vagina. The description of a case of synovial chondromatosis located in the knee joint capsule is presented. Histologically, apart from hyaline cartilage resembling chondroma the areas simulating chondrosarcoma were found. The differential diagnosis between synovial chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma is proposed.

[So-called epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]. / Tak nazyvaemaia épitelioidnaia gemangioéndotelioma.

Tumour that developed in the armpit of a 52-year-old man was studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumour 3 cm in diameter was firmly attached to the vessel and almost completely obliterated its lumen. Histologically the neoplasm closely resembled the metastasis of mammary gland carcinoma. However electron microscopic examination allowed rejecting the epithelial origin of tumour and suggesting its vascular genesis (so-called "epithelioid hemangioendothelioma").

[Clinico-morphological characteristics of bone chondrosarcomas]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika khondrosarkom kosti.

One hundred and sixty-two cases of bone chondrosarcoma (86 males and 76 females) were studied. Course development of secondary neoplasms was more favorable than that of primary ones. Tumor size was found to be in correlation with 3-year survival only. No significant correlation was established between tumor size, on the one hand, and 5- and 10-year survival rates, on the other. Histologic type of chondrosarcoma proved to be of the highest prognostic value. The tumor followed 5 patterns: chondrosarcoma with mild (I), moderate (II), and severe (III) anaplasia, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and the so-called "dedifferentiated" chondrosarcoma.

[Therapy and prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma]. / Terapiia i prognoz pri sarkome Iuinga.

The results of treatment of 134 cases of morphologically-verified localized Ewing's sarcoma were evaluated. A comparative analysis showed relapse-free survival to be significantly lower for radiation treatment (23%) than for its combination with various cytostatic drugs. Two-year relapse-free survival rate was as high as 43% in cases receiving sarcolysin or cyclophosphamide as adjuvants. This was matched by 47% for adjuvant adriamycin or carminomycin and 56% for adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide and vincristine. Evaluation of long-term results of adjuvant chemotherapy showed sex, age and site of involvement to be of certain prognostic value.

[Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (clinico-morphological study)]. / Mezenkhimal'naia khondrosarcoma (kliniko-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was found in 11 out of 161 patients with chondrosarcoma of the bone. The assaultive nature of the disease is illustrated by the following data: the period between the manifestation of symptoms and the first visit to the doctor was 5.9 +/- 4.3 months; metastases were detected within 20.56 +/- 6.04 months and 8 patients out of 10 died within the first 5 years. Two histological structures were observed: those of the chondrosarcoma type and hemangiopericytoma-like structures formed of small atypical cells.

[Poorly differentiated ("dedifferentiated") chondrosarcoma]. / Nizkodifferentsirovannaia ("dedifferentsirovannaia") khondrosarkoma.

Out of 162 chondrosarcomas studied, 9 were found to be of "dedifferentiated" type. Histological examination established two patterns of the tumor: well-differentiated chondrosarcoma and spindle-shaped sarcoma cells. The survival time was 1.0-2.5 years.

[Survival and prognosis in adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma patients]. / Vyzhivaemost' i prognoz v usloviiakh ad"iuvantnoi khimioterapii u bol'nykh osteogennoi sarkomoi.

The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and prognosis in osteogenic sarcoma versus basic clinico-roentgenomorphological characteristics of tumor was studied in 108 cases. Prognosis was found to depend on patient's age, site and size of tumor, but mainly on the roentgeno-morphological pattern of the latter. Osteolytic form appeared to have a better course in cases of adjuvant chemotherapy. This was matched by osteoplastic form requiring surgical treatment only. The results suggest a strictly differentiated approach to selection of treatment modality, particularly in cases of post-operative chemotherapy.

[Clinico-roentgenologic characteristics of giant cell tumors of the bone]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika gigantokletochnoi opukholi kosti.

The data obtained from 114 case histories of giant cell tumor were analysed on the EC-1010 type computer to identify clinico-roentgenological factors influencing the frequency of relapse and metastasis development. Such factors as tumor localization in tibia, local lesions in the abnormally thin cortical layer detectable by X-ray examination, the lytic form of tumor and tumor excochleation proved to be unfavorable. In the analysis of cases of metastatic spread, information could be acquired only from roentgenologic characteristics which permitted complete decay of the cortical layer, the presence of soft-tissue component in tumor and pathologic fracture to be identified as manifestations of caries.

[Role and place of radio- and chemotherapy in treating bone sarcomas]. / Rol' i mesto luchevoi i khimioterapii v lechenii sarkom kostei.

The results of combination therapy of 510 patients with osteosarcoma were analysed. It was established that most advantage is offered by this therapy in cases of osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma supplemented with surgery whenever required. A 33.9 and 30.1% increases in 3- and 6-year survival, respectively, were registered in 50 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, following amputation and a course of polychemotherapy (adriamycin, vincristin, sarcolysin and cyclophosphamide). There were no relapses in 40 cases of extensive segmental resection of the site of bone lesion with preoperative intra-arterial infusion of adriamycin, radiation therapy and adjuvant polychemotherapy. This scheme resulted in 4-year survival in 55.7% and good performance. A 5-year survival rose to 40.8% in 45 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, following adjuvant therapy with sarcolysin or cyclophosphamide administered after a course of radiation therapy in the dose of 50-60 Gy.

[Current approaches to the combination therapy of osteogenic sarcoma]. / Sovremennye podkhody k kompleksnoi terapii osteogennoi sarkomy.

The results of treatment of 315 cases of osteogenic sarcoma are presented. Available methods of primary tumor therapy fail to prevent dissemination of neoplastic disease by blood circulation. However, following a prophylactic course of chemotherapy (adriamycin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, sarcolysine), 3- and 5-year survival rates in 45 cases of limb amputation for osteosarcoma increased to 38.1% and 30.5%, respectively. No recurrences were observed in 39 patients with extensive segmental resection of bone who preoperatively received intra-arterial infusions and radiation therapy; the 3-year survival rates were a high as 43.9% and patients showed good performance. The method offers good advantages in the treatment of patients with osteogenic sarcoma.

[Stable cell line from a malignant human paraganglioma and its virological study]. / Stabil'naia kletochnaia liniia iz zlokachestvennoi paragangliomy cheloveka i ee virusologicheskoe izuchenie.

Under in vitro cultivation of 14 soft tissue malignant human tumors there were obtained two cell lines: from cells of hypernephroma (Hn-7) and malignant paraganglioma (Par-1). The transfer of the cultured Par-1 cells medium to recipient cells CET enabled obtaining the transformed cell line 63. This line possesses all the features of in vitro growing tumor cells: it results in tumor growth in young Syrian hamsters, when injected retrobuccally, and in newborn animals injected percutaneously, also it yields cell colonies growth in semiliquid agar. The cultured line 63 ran through more than 100 passages, its isoenzymic assay indicates that it belongs to a human type and differs from cells HeLa, the karyotypic pattern shows the number of chromosomes to be close to the dyploid number in man. In the cell line 63 there is the synthesis of two viruses: RNA-containing one belonging to the orthomixo-group and DNA-containing one belonging to human oncoviruses of the Papova group.

[Experience with and outlook for the use of cisplatin in the combined therapy of osteogenic sarcoma]. / Opy primeneniia i perspektivy ispol'zovaniia tsis-platina v kombinirovannoi terapii osteogennoi sarkomy.

The effectiveness of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (cisplatinum, platidiam, DDP) alone or as a component of combined treatment was evaluated in 85 patients with osteogenic sarcoma. The said drugs were used as adjuvants following radical surgery (group I-18 cases), in combined treatment of solitary and single lung metastases (group 2-7 cases) and in 60 patients with advanced tumors (group 3). An analysis of long-term results showed response in 30.8% in group 3. In group 2, application of chemotherapy plus surgery was followed by remissions of 2-46+-month duration (mean-13.9 months). In group I, 78.7% are expected to survive metastasis-free more than 12 months. Toxicity was moderate, with nausea and vomiting (87.1%), myelosuppression (52.8%), nephrotoxicity (48.6%) and alopecia (75.7%) being the most common side-effects.

[Properties of viruses isolated from human fibroblasts culture treated by paraganglioma culture filtrate]. / Svoistva virusov, vydelennykh iz kul'tury fibroblastov cheloveka, obrabotannoi fil'tratom kul'tury paragangliomy.

In the human fibroblasts culture, transformed by the material from malignant paraganglioma culture, there was found the RNA- and DNA containing virus synthesis. The RNA-containing virus with a buoyant density of 1.16--1.18 g/ml shows no hemagglutinating activity, it fails to infect newborn Syrian hamsters, and produces no transformation-destruction changes in mammalian tissue culture. The DNA-containing virus with a buoyant density of 1.24--1.28 g/ml would agglutinate the guinea-pig and group 0 human erythrocytes, produces lesions in newborn Syrian hamsters, and cytodestructive changes in the culture of rat and mice embryonal cells and in cells of a transplantable line Vero. In terms of its properties it may be referred to human viruses of the Papova group. A combined action of DNA- and RNA-containing viruses produces a transformation effect on embryonal hamster cells and the cells of a transplantable line Vero.

[The results of using high-dose methotrexate in treating osteogenic sarcoma]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia vysokikh doz metotreksata pri lechenii otseogennoi sarkomy.

The interim results of the use of high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue for the treatment of 26 patients with osteogenic sarcoma are discussed. Preoperative chemotherapy was followed by marked regression of primary tumor in one out of seven patients with localized disease. In that group, metastasis-free period lasted 2, 3, 10+, 12, 17+ and 24+ months. Response was observed in two out of 19 (10.6%) cases of metastases. Toxic side-effects were moderate and were mainly nausea (38.5% of patients), vomiting (26.9%), elevation of serum transaminase levels (38.5%) and fever (30.7% of cases).

[Sex and pituitary hormone secretion in normal-height and tall adolescents with primary osteogenic sarcoma]. / Sekretsiia polovykh i gipofizarnykh gormonov u normoroslykh i vysokoroslykh podrostkov, bol'nykh pervichnoi osteogennoi sarkomoi.

The paper deals with a comparison of basal levels of secretion of total testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2), their free and albumin and sex-steroid-binding globulin fractions as well as LH, FSH, prolactin and STH in blood serum of 60 normal height and 60 tall healthy adolescents and those with primary osteogenic sarcoma of bones at different stages of puberty. The study established a significantly higher level of testosterone and free androgen index and a lowered concentration of sex-steroid-binding globulin in blood serum of both normal and tall adolescent patients with osteogenic sarcoma at different stages of puberty. No significant differences were found in said indexes of estrogens between sarcoma patients and a specific group chosen for comparison, as far as physical status is concerned. The role of sex steroid hormones and, particularly, that of androgens in the pathogenetical mechanisms of osteogenic sarcoma growth is discussed.

[Polypeptide growth factors and their interrelation with hormones in the blood plasma of patients with primary bone tumors]. / Polipeptidnye faktory rosta i ikh vzaimosviaz' s gormonami v plazme krovi bol'nykh s pervichnymi opukholiami kostei.

A relationship between blood plasma levels of polypeptide growth factors and those of peptide and sex steroid hormones, as assayed radioimmunologically, was studied in 91 patients with bone tumors of various histology and 45 healthy donors. The levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and somatotropic hormone were significantly higher in cases of chondrosarcoma and patients suffering osteogenic sarcoma in the late puberal period as compared to controls and cases of fibrous histiocytoma, giant-cell tumor, benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bone. The peak levels of IGF-1, somatotropic hormone and insulin were registered in osteogenic sarcoma patients who developed pulmonary metastases either in the course or after the completion of combined treatment. Somatostatin level was significantly lower in patients with osteogenic sarcoma aged 11-20 years as compared to healthy adolescents, the lowest level being observed in adolescents suffering osteogenic sarcoma with metastases to the lungs. No relationship was established between total testosterone level, on the one hand, and those of IGF-1 and epidermal growth factor, on the other. A reverse correlation was established between concentrations of IGF-1 and total estradiol. The role of polypeptide growth factor antagonists in combined treatment of bone sarcomas is discussed.