Initial Experience of Using First-Person Wearable Video Recording Technology During Central Venous Catheter Placement in the Cardiac Operating Room.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use wearable video-recording technology to measure precisely the timing of discrete events during perioperative central venous catheter (CVC) placements. DESIGN: A single-center, observational, exploratory study on the use of wearable video-recording technology during intraoperative CVC placement. SETTING: The study was conducted at a University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Clinical anesthesia residents, cardiothoracic anesthesia fellows, and attending anesthesiologists participated in this study. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were asked to use eye-tracking glasses prior to the placement of a CVC in the cardiac operating rooms. No other instruction was given to the participants. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors measured the total time to complete the CVC placement, phase-specific time, and specific times of interest. They compared these times across 3 training levels and tested differences with analysis of variance. The authors' findings indicated significant differences in total CVC placement time when the procedure included a pulmonary artery catheter insertion (1,170 ± 364, 923 ± 272, and 596 ± 226 seconds; F2,63 = 12.71, p < 0.0001). Additionally, they found differences in interval times and times of interest. The authors observed a reduction of variability with increasing experience during the CVC placement phase. CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, the study authors describe their experience using first-person wearable video-recording technology to precisely measure the timing of discrete events during CVC placement by anesthesia residents and anesthesiologists. Future work will leverage the eye-tracking capabilities of the existing hardware to identify areas of inefficiency to develop actionable targets for interventions that could improve trainee performance and patient safety.

Catastrophic Unbalanced Genome Rearrangements Cause Somatic Loss of Berry Color in Grapevine.

Grape (Vitis vinifera) color somatic variants that can be used to develop new grapevine cultivars occasionally appear associated with deletion events of uncertain origin. To understand the mutational mechanisms generating somatic structural variation in grapevine, we compared the Tempranillo Blanco (TB) white berry somatic variant with its black berry ancestor, Tempranillo Tinto. Whole-genome sequencing uncovered a catastrophic genome rearrangement in TB that caused the hemizygous deletion of 313 genes, including the loss of the functional copy for the MYB transcription factors required for anthocyanin pigmentation in the berry skin. Loss of heterozygosity and decreased copy number delimited interspersed monosomic and disomic regions in the right arm of linkage groups 2 and 5. At least 11 validated clustered breakpoints involving intrachromosomal and interchromosomal translocations between three linkage groups flanked the deleted fragments, which, according to segregation analyses, are phased in a single copy of each of the affected chromosomes. These hallmarks, along with the lack of homology between breakpoint joins and the randomness of the order and orientation of the rearranged fragments, are all consistent with a chromothripsis-like pattern generated after chromosome breakage and illegitimate rejoining. This unbalanced genome reshuffling has additional consequences in reproductive development. In TB, lack of sexual transmission of rearranged chromosomes associates with low gamete viability, which compromises fruit set and decreases fruit production. Our findings show that catastrophic genome rearrangements arise spontaneously and stabilize during plant somatic growth. These dramatic rearrangements generate new interesting phenotypes that can be selected for the improvement of vegetatively propagated plant species.

Effect of two doses of urea foliar application on leaves and grape nitrogen composition during two vintages.

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen affects grapevine growth and also yeast metabolism, which have a direct influence on fermentation kinetics and the formation of different volatile compounds. Throughout the grapevine cycle, soil nitrogen availability and grape nitrogen composition can vary because of different factors. Nitrogen foliar applications can contribute toward enhancing grapevine nitrogen status and minimize the problem of leaching that traditional nitrogen-soil applications can provoke. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of urea foliar applications on grapevine nitrogen status and grape amino acid content. Accordingly, two different doses of urea were applied over the leaves of a 'Tempranillo' vineyard. RESULTS: The highest urea doses affected nitrogen content on blade leaf tissues after veraison. Must amino acid profiles were modified by urea application and some of the compounds increased their concentrations. The effect of year on the increase of must total amino acid concentrations was more important than the effect of the doses applied. CONCLUSION: Urea foliar applications can be an interesting tool for decreasing grapevine nitrogen deficiencies. This method of nitrogen implementation in the vineyard could avoid sluggish fermentation problems during winemaking, enhance must nitrogen composition, and contribute to improving wine quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Influence on wine biogenic amine composition of modifications to soil N availability and grapevine N by cover crops.

BACKGROUND: Vineyard soil management can modify the nitrogen soil availability and, therefore, grape amino acid content. These compounds are precursors of biogenic amines, which have negative effects on wine quality and human health. The objective was to study whether the effect of conventional tillage and two cover crops (barley and clover) on grapevine nitrogen status could be related to wine biogenic amines. Over 4 years, soil NO3- -N, nitrogen content in leaf and wine biogenic amine concentration were determined. RESULTS: Barley reduced soil NO3- -N availability and clover increased it. In 2011, at bloom, nitrogen content decreased with barley treatment in both blade and petiole. In 2012, nitrogen content in both leaf tissues at bloom was greater with clover than with tillage and barley treatments. Also, total biogenic amines decreased in barley with respect to tillage and clover treatments. There were correlations between some individual and total biogenic amine concentrations with respect to nitrogen content in leaf tissues. CONCLUSION: Wine biogenic amine concentration can be affected by the grapevine nitrogen status, provoked by changes in the soil NO3- -N availability with both cover crop treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Assessment of buccal mucosa genotoxicity in insecticide-exposed urban fumigators in Cali, Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate cytogenetic damage in the buccal mucosa of non-exposed subjects (N = 33) and insecticide-exposed fumigators (N = 31) in the urban area of Cali, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through a questionnaire sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, state of health, and lifestyle were collected. Buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay was using for evaluate cytogenetic damage. RESULTS: The study showed that all fumigators used adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and had low alcohol consumption. The authors did not find significant differences in BMCyt biomarkers between the groups (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed a 13% increase in micronucleus (MN) frequency for every year of increasing age (OR = 1.13, p = 0.029), and higher MN with the decrease in daily fruit consumption (OR = 4.71, p = 0.084), without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The results between groups could be related to healthy habits and PPE use among the subjects. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(1):128-37.

The Rootstock Genotypes Determine Drought Tolerance by Regulating Aquaporin Expression at the Transcript Level and Phytohormone Balance.

Grapevine rootstocks may supply water to the scion according to the transpiration demand, thus modulating plant responses to water deficit, but the scion variety can alter these responses, as well. The rootstock genotypes' effect on the scion physiological response, aquaporin expression, and hormone concentrations in the xylem and the leaf was assessed under well watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions. Under WW, vines grafted onto 1103P and R110 rootstocks (the more vigorous and drought-tolerant) showed higher photosynthesis (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), and hydraulic conductance (Khplant) compared with the less vigorous and drought-sensitive rootstock (161-49C), while under WS, there were hardly any differences between vines depending on the rootstock grafted. Besides, stomatal traits were affected by drought, which was related to gs, but not by the rootstock. Under WS conditions, all VvPIP and VvTIP aquaporins were up-regulated in the vines grafted onto 1103P and down-regulated in the ones grafted onto 161-49C. The 1103P capability to tolerate drought was enhanced by the up-regulation of all VvPIP and VvTIP aquaporins, lower ABA synthesis, and higher ACC/ABA ratios in leaves during WS compared with 161-49C. It was concluded that, under WW conditions, transpiration and stomatal control were rootstock-dependent. However, under WS conditions, alterations in the molecular components of water transport and hormone concentration of the scion resulted in similar gas exchange values in the studied scions grafted onto different rootstocks.

Population genetic analysis in old Montenegrin vineyards reveals ancient ways currently active to generate diversity in Vitis vinifera.

Global viticulture has evolved following market trends, causing loss of cultivar diversity and traditional practices. In Montenegro, modern viticulture co-exists with a traditional viticulture that still maintains ancient practices and exploits local cultivars. As a result, this region provides a unique opportunity to explore processes increasing genetic diversity. To evaluate the diversity of Montenegrin grapevines and the processes involved in their diversification, we collected and analyzed 419 samples in situ across the country (cultivated plants from old orchards and vines growing in the wild), and 57 local varieties preserved in a grapevine collection. We obtained 144 different genetic profiles, more than 100 corresponding to cultivated grapevines, representing a surprising diversity for one of the smallest European countries. Part of this high diversity reflects historical records indicating multiple and intense introduction events from diverse viticultural regions at different times. Another important gene pool includes many autochthonous varieties, some on the edge of extinction, linked in a complex parentage network where two varieties (Razaklija and Kratosija) played a leading role on the generation of indigenous varieties. Finally, analyses of genetic structure unveiled several putative proto-varieties, likely representing the first steps involved in the generation of new cultivars or even secondary domestication events.

Exploring the genetic variability in water use efficiency: Evaluation of inter and intra cultivar genetic diversity in grapevines.

Genetic improvement of crop Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is a general goal because the increasing water scarcity and the trend to a more sustainable agriculture. For grapevines, this subject is relevant and need an urgent response because their wide distribution in semi-arid areas. New cultivars are difficult to introduce in viticulture due to the narrow dependency of consumer appreciation often linked to a certain particular wine taste. Clones of reputed cultivars would presumably be more accepted but little is known on the intra-cultivar genetic variability of the WUE. The present work compares, on the basis of two field assays, the variability of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) in a large collection of cultivars in contrast with a collection of clones of Tempranillo cultivar. The results show that clonal variability of WUEi was around 80% of the inter-cultivar, thus providing a first assessment on the opportunity for clonal selection by WUE. Plotting the WUEi data against stem water potential or stomatal conductance it was possible to identify cultivars and clones out of the confidence intervals of this linear regression thus with significantly higher and lower WUEi values. The present results contribute to open the expectative for a genetic improvement of grapevine WUE.

Caracterización de actinobacterias raras, degradadoras de lignocelulosa: demostración de actividad lacasa en dos aislados de Tsukamurella sp y Cellulosimicrobium sp / Characterization of lignocellulose-degrading rare actinobacteria: demostration of laccase activity in two isolates of Tsukamurella sp and Cellulosimicrobium sp

Las características fisicoquímicas de la lignina y su compactación con la celulosa han dificultado la explotación biotecnológica de enormes cantidades de biomasa vegetal. Las lacasas constituyen una subfamilia de oxidasas multicobre que intervienen en la despolimerización de la lignina. Si bien han sido ampliamente caracterizadas en los hongos, los estudios de la diversidad y las funcionalidades de las lacasas en los procariotas se han centrado especialmente en isoformas enzimáticas de Streptomyces sp. En este trabajo se aislaron 20 cepas de actinobacterias del suelo. La actividad lacasa de 17 de ellas fue evidenciada en ensayos cualitativos con guayacol y dos cepas seleccionadas fueron caracterizadas en detalle. Las pruebas morfológicas y el análisis de las secuencias del gen 16S rRNA apuntan a que estos dos aislados pertenecen a los géneros Tsukamurella y Cellulosimicrobium. En cultivo sumergido con agitación, AC01 (Tsukamurella sp.) expresó una máxima actividad de oxidación de ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonato) de 108 U/L. Por otra parte, AC18 (Cellulosimicrobium sp.) que había exhibido una actividad oxidativa de guayacol superior a las 16 cepas restantes y demostró ser resistente a niveles tóxicos de cobre, logró un valor máximo de oxidación del ABTS de 0,56 U/L. Estos resultados sugieren que en el aislado AC18 operaría un fenómeno de especificidad de sustrato o de inductor, regulador de la expresión y de la actividad lacasa cuantificable. La caracterización genómica y funcional de las lacasas de nuevas actinobacterias lignocelulósicas ampliará la gama de centros redox con aplicaciones biotecnológicas específicas, además de facilitar el establecimiento de sus relaciones evolutivas con las eucariotas.

The physicochemical characteristics of lignin and its compaction with cellulose have restricted the biotechnological exploitation of enormous amounts of plant biomass. Laccases are a subfamily of multicopper oxidases involved in lignin depolymerization. Although they have been extensively characterized in fungi, studies of the diversity and functions of laccases in prokaryotes are mainly on enzyme isoforms of Streptomyces sp. In this work we isolated 20 strains of soil actinomycetes. The laccase activity of 17 of them was evidenced in qualitative assays with guaiacol, and two selected strains were characterized in detail. The morphological evidence and the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences suggest that these two isolates belong to the genera Tsukamurella and Cellulosimicrobium. In submerged cultures with shaking, AC01 (Tsukamurella sp.) exhibited a maximal oxidation activity of ABTS (2,2 '-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) of 108 U/L. On the other hand, AC18 (Cellulosimicrobium sp.) that exhibited a higher oxidative activity of guaiacol than the other 16 isolated strains and showed resistance to toxic levels of copper, reached a maximum ABTS oxidation rate of 0.56 U/L. These results suggest that in AC18 operates a mechanism of substrate or inducer specificity, regulating the measurable laccase activity and laccase gene expression. Genomic and functional characterization of laccases of new ligninolytic actinomycetes may help to extend the range of redox centers with specific biotechnological applications, as well as establishing their evolutionary relationships with eukaryotes.

Evaluación nutricional y rendimiento escolar en escolares de Lima / Nutritional and perfomance evaluation in schoolars of Lima

Este estudio realizado para conocer el Nivel Nutricional, la prevalencia de la Anemia Nutricional, el comportamiento de oligoelementos (Fe) y el nivel antropométrico en escolares primarios con mal rendimiento escolar de Lima encontró que la mayoría de la población encuestada no presentaba signos de malnutrición aguda pondoestatural, mas sí de oligoelementos (Fe). Los factores económicos y biosociales no guardaron relación estadística en la muestra con las variables: Nivel Nutricional Proteínico-energético, hematológico y de rendimiento escolar. El rendimiento escolar parece estar en relación estadísticamente significativa con los antecedentes de malnutrición. No existe en la muestra una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables rendimiento escolar y cociente de inteligencia

Influencia de la anemia y deficiencia de hierro en el rendimiento escolar / Influence of anemy and iron deficiency on school performance

A mediados del período 1991-1992, mediante un estudio transversal comparativo en dos muestras representativas, supuestamente sanas, de escolares primarios de las escuelas estatales del Cono Sur de Lima, una con rendimiento escolar alto (76 casos) y otra con rendimiento escolar deficiente (76 casos) y en las que se trataron de controlar variables psicológicas, sociales y económicas, reconocidas causas limitantes del rendimiento escolar, se encontró: Que el grupo de niños con rendimiento escolar bajo presentó valor de sus medias de hemoglobina, hematocrito y hierro sérico, significativamente menores que las medias de los niños con rendimiento escolar alto. El valor de la media de la capacidad insaturada de filiación de hierro fue también significativamente mayor en los niños que rendían mal, en comparación con la de los niños con promedios altos. En indicador hematológico que con mayor fuerza se asoció a mayor o menor rendimiento en el colegio fue el hierro sérico. Las medias de las constantes hematológicas de la muestra se encontraron en el nivel inferior de lo normal (rendimiento escolar alto) ó muy por debajo (rendimiento deficiente), en comparación con los valores medios considerados como rango de normalidad (OMS). Se evidenció, así, la alta prevalencia de anemia y de deficiencia de hierro en estos niños y su vinculación con el rendimiento escolar.

In the middle of the period 1991-1992, a comparative study of two representative samples of supposedly healthy primary public school performance (76 cases) and the other with low school performance (76 cases), in which psychological, social, and economical variables, well known as causes of impairing factors in school performance were controlled. The findings showed that the group with low school performance had lower hemoglobin, hemathocrite and seric iron values than the high school performance group. Also the CIFF mean value was significantly higher in those children with low than in those with high performance. The hematological indicator most strongly associated with school performance was seric iron. The sampleÆs hematological constants were in a lower level, compared with normal levels (high school performance) or even lower (low performance), compared with medium values, considered as normality ranks (WHO). It became clear the high prevalence of anemy and iron deficiency in this children and its association with school performance.

Determinación de la influencia de la anemia y la deficiencia de hierro en el rendimiento escolar / Determination of the influence of the iron deficiency and anemia on the scholar performance

A mitad del período 1991-1992, mediante un estudio transversal comparativo de "casos y controles", con dos muestras representativas de escolares primarios de las escuelas estatales del Cono Sur de Lima, supuestamente sanos, una con rendimiento escolar alto (76 casos) y otra con rendimiento escolar deficiente (76 casos) y en las que se trataron de controlar factores sicológicos, sociales y económicos, reconocidas causas limitantes del rendimiento escolar, se ha encontrado: Que el grupo de niños con rendimiento escolar bajo presentó un valor de sus medias de hemoglobina, hematocrito y hierro sérico significativamente menores que las medias de los niños con rendimiento escolar alto. El valor de la media de la capacidad insaturada de fijación de hierro fue también significativamente mayor en los niños que rendían mal, en comparación con la de los niños con promedios altos. El indicador hematológico que con mayor fuerza se asoció al aumento o disminución del rendimiento en el colegio fue el hierro sérico. Las medias de las constantes hematológicas de la muestra, se encontraron en el nivel inferior de lo normal (rendimiento escolar alto) o muy por debajo (rendimiento deficiente), en comparación con los valores medios considerados como rango de normalidad (OMS). Se evidenció así la alta prevalencia de anemia y de la deficiencia de hierro en estos niños.