RESUMO
Prior to 2010, the treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were limited. In the past 3 years, four new agents have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in CRPC. These four agents differ in their mechanisms of action and highlight the progress made in our understanding of CRPC, and more importantly, provide options with proven clinical benefit. This review examines the development, investigational evolution, adverse events, and future direction of: 1) the androgen receptor inhibitor, enzalutamide, 2) androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, abiraterone, 3) novel taxane chemotherapy, cabazitaxel, and 4) autologous immunotherapeutic agent, sipuleucel-T.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Androstenóis/uso terapêutico , Orquiectomia/métodos , Feniltioidantoína/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Taxoides/uso terapêutico , Extratos de Tecidos/uso terapêutico , Androstenos , Benzamidas , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Nitrilas , Feniltioidantoína/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Western countries predominantly affecting adults over the age of 65. CLL is commonly indolent in nature but can present locally and aggressively at extranodal sites. Although CLL may commonly present with cervical lymphadenopathy, manifestation in nonlymphoid regions of the head and neck is not well described. CLL causing upper airway obstruction is even more uncommon. We describe a case of a patient with known history of CLL and stable lymphocytosis that developed an enlarging lymphoid base of tongue (BOT) mass resulting in rapid airway compromise.