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BACKGROUND: The clinical differential diagnosis of lesions arising on the eyelid margin may be challenging and an unneeded surgical approach may have serious functional and aesthetic consequences. Nonetheless, early recognition and treatment of malignant tumors of the eyelid margin is mandatory. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a novel tool for the in vivo, real-time skin imaging. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the LC-OCT features of a series of eyelid margin growths and to correlate these features with the histopathological findings. METHODS: Patients with eyelid margin growths who were scheduled for lesion excision underwent LC-OCT examination. Inclusion criteria were a challenging clinical aspect of the lesions and a clinical history of recent onset (up to 12 months). In all cases, the histopathological examination of the excised lesions was performed for the final diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 31 lesions located on the upper (13 cases) or lower (18 cases) eyelid margin from 28 consecutive patients (male = 15, female = 13; mean age: 64.7 years, range: 44-87 years) were evaluated and excised. The histopathologic diagnoses were nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (nine cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (three cases), compound nevus (four cases), dermal nevus (two cases), seborrheic keratosis (four cases), pyogenic granuloma (one case), trichilemmal cyst (three cases), and hidrocystoma (five cases). LC-OCT allowed the in vivo recognition of the main microscopic features of the examined lesions. CONCLUSIONS: LC-OCT represents a promising tool for the evaluation of eyelid margin lesions. Advantages of non-invasive diagnosis particularly relevant in such a sensitive region include a more correct planning of the treatment and, in case of surgery, the most appropriate surgical approach and, importantly, a correct timing of intervention.
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Carcinoma Basocelular , Nevo , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Basocelular/cirurgia , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Pálpebras/diagnóstico por imagem , Pálpebras/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare conventional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus inverted flap technique in small-to-medium idiopathic macular hole. METHODS: Eyes with ≤400 µ m idiopathic macular holes were randomized into the conventional ILM peeling group (25 eyes) and inverted flap group (25 eyes). A 12-month follow-up was considered. Macular sensitivity (MS) change detected with MP-1 microperimetry was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity change, closure rate, anatomical findings on optical coherence tomography such as U-shape foveal contour, restoration of external limiting membrane, and ellipsoid zone. RESULTS: In both groups, MS improved throughout the follow-up. Final MS was greater in the conventional ILM peeling group compared with the inverted flap group, being 16.6 ± 2.3 dB versus 14.9 ± 2.9 dB, respectively ( P = 0.026). In both groups best-corrected visual acuity improved throughout the follow-up, with a final best-corrected visual acuity of 0.19 ± 0.14 logMar (20/31 Snellen) in the conventional ILM group and 0.22 ± 0.11 logMar (20/33 Snellen) in the inverted flap group ( P = 0.398). Anatomical hole closure was achieved in all cases. No difference in optical coherence tomography findings was shown between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A better final MS was found in eyes undergoing conventional ILM peeling. Inverted flap technique has disadvantages compared with conventional peeling for the treatment of small-to-medium idiopathic macular holes.
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Membrana Epirretiniana , Perfurações Retinianas , Humanos , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Membrana Epirretiniana/diagnóstico , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Vitrectomia/métodos , Membrana Basal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and the best parameters setup of hypersonic vitrectomy. METHODS: A prospective, multicentric, interventional study on 50 eyes that had undergone hypersonic vitrectomy because of various vitreoretinal diseases. We primarily assessed the effectiveness of vitreous removal, intraoperative complications, and surgical setup. Secondarily, we evaluated single-surgery anatomical success and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 eyes (10%), whereas technical problems were detected in 23 eyes (46%), resulting in conversion to guillotine vitrectomy in 15 cases. The most common finding related to the technical problems was an inadequate vitreous liquefaction with the formation of vitreous strands and consequent inadequate vitreous outflow, sometimes complicated by vitreous incarceration in the vitrectomy probe. The best settings were considered a stroke of 60 µm and vacuum of 40 mmHg for both core and peripheral vitrectomy. At 3-month follow-up, primary anatomical success was achieved in 49 eyes (98%) and the mean best-corrected visual acuity overall improved. CONCLUSION: The availability of hypersonic vitrectomy in the current surgical practice opens a new era in vitreoretinal surgery. Despite the potential advantages in fluidics, the performance of hypersonic vitrectomy system needs to be further optimized, mainly for the occurrence of inadequate vitreous liquefaction and vitreous strands formation.
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Doenças Retinianas/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ultrassônicos/métodos , Vitrectomia/métodos , Idoso , Tamponamento Interno , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Facoemulsificação , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Cirurgia VitreorretinianaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) vessel density (VD) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicenter clinical study, eyes with a minimum 12-month follow-up were reexamined. The RPCP VD and RNFL thickness in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment subfields of the affected eye (study group) were compared with the corresponding areas of the healthy fellow eyes (control group). RESULTS: Fifty-three eyes were included in the study. A significantly lower RPCP VD and RNFL thickness were observed in those subfields affected by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment compared with those of the control group (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between undetached subfields in the study group and their corresponding images in the control group. In the study group, a significant correlation was found between RPCP VD and RNFL thickness in subfields with detached retina (r = 0.393, P < 0.001) and undetached retina (r = 0.321, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Radial peripapillary capillary plexus VD changes were found in the subfields of detached retina successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy and they correlated with RNFL thinning. These data suggest a coexistence of neuronal and microvascular damage in patients affected by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
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Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Disco Óptico/irrigação sanguínea , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Vitrectomia , Idoso , Comprimento Axial do Olho , Biometria/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Tamponamento Interno , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Descolamento Retiniano/fisiopatologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sorely testing health care systems and economies around the world and is rightly considered as the major health emergency in a century. Despite the course of the disease appearing to be mild in many cases, a significant proportion of symptomatic patients develop pneumonia requiring hospitalisation or progress to manifest respiratory complications leading to intensive care treatment. Potential interventions for SARS-CoV2-associated pneumonia are being tested, some of which holding promise, but as of today none of these has yet demonstrated outstanding efficacy in treating COVID-19. In this article, we discuss fresh perspectives and insights into the potential role of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 as well as similarities with systemic inflammatory response in sepsis and the rationale for exploring novel treatment options affecting host immune response.
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Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/imunologia , Betacoronavirus , Biomarcadores , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/virologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Inflamação , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/terapiaRESUMO
Transforming growth factor ß1 (TGFß1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), particularly in the late phase of disease. The aim of the present study was to validate serum TGFß1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of DR stages. Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled and, after diagnosis and evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, were assigned to six groups: (1) healthy age-matched control, (2) diabetic without DR, (3) non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) naïve to treatment, (4) NPDR treated with intravitreal (IVT) aflibercept, (5) proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) naïve to treatment and (6) PDR treated with IVT aflibercept. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF) and TGFß1 were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foveal macular thickness (FMT) in enrolled subjects was evaluated by means of structural-optical coherence tomography (S-OCT). VEGF-A serum levels decreased in NPDR and PDR patients treated with aflibercept, compared to naïve DR patients. PlGF serum levels were modulated only in aflibercept-treated NPDR patients. Particularly, TGFß1 serum levels were predictive of disease progression from NPDR to PDR. A Multivariate ANOVA analysis (M-ANOVA) was also carried out to assess the effects of fixed factors on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, TGFß1, and diabetes duration. In conclusion, our data have strengthened the hypothesis that TGFß1 would be a biomarker and pharmacological target of diabetic retinopathy.
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Biomarcadores/sangue , Retinopatia Diabética/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/sangue , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Retinopatia Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/sangue , Masculino , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Curva ROC , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in patients suffering from post-radiation macular edema following plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma. METHODS: This prospective, interventional case series included patients affected by radiation maculopathy (RM) with macular edema secondary to ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. The effect of intravitreal aflibercept on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (sd-OCT), and Horgan's grading scale of RM was evaluated throughout the 24-month follow-up. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Nine eyes of 9 patients were included. A mean of 4.4 ± 1.2 injections were given over the 24 months. At the end of follow-up, mean BCVA was significantly improved, from 0.9 ± 0.19 logMAR at baseline to 0.56 ± 0.3 logMAR (P = 0.028), and mean CFT was significantly decreased, from 546 ± 123 µm at baseline to 223 ± 34 µm (P < 0.001). Intravitreal aflibercept lowered baseline maculopathy stage as well. No significant change in IOP values and no complications, such as endophthalmitis, was recorded. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal aflibercept is an effective treatment for patients with radiation-induced macular edema, allowing functional and anatomical improvements to be achieved with a relatively low number of injections.
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Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Coroide/radioterapia , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/radioterapia , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Radioisótopos de Rutênio/uso terapêutico , Acuidade Visual , Idoso , Neoplasias da Coroide/diagnóstico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Seguimentos , Fóvea Central/patologia , Fóvea Central/efeitos da radiação , Fundo de Olho , Humanos , Injeções Intravítreas , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/etiologia , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors for late-onset ocular hypertension (LOH) after vitrectomy. METHODS: From the electronic medical records of consecutive patients who underwent primary vitrectomy, from January 2010 to December 2015, at 5 tertiary vitreoretinal centers in Italy, patient demographics, systemic, ophthalmic, operative, and postoperative data were drawn. Main outcome measure was the presence of LOH, defined as intraocular pressure >21 mmHg detected more than 2 months after vitrectomy on at least 2 consecutive visits. RESULTS: Among 6,048 patients, LOH was found in 294 (4.9%) vitrectomized eyes and in 87 (1.4%) fellow eyes, (chi square; P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant risk factors for developing LOH included intraoperative triamcinolone use (odds ratio [OR], 7.62; P < 0.001), longer axial length (OR, 1.55; P = 3.023), preoperative higher intraocular pressure (OR, 1.81; P = 0.003), and postvitrectomy pseudophakic/aphakic status (OR, 2.04; P < 0.001). Decision-tree analysis showed that the stronger predictor of LOH was intraoperative triamcinolone use (P < 0.001). Secondary predictors were a preoperative intraocular pressure more than 15 mmHg (P < 0.001) in eyes that use triamcinolone, and postvitrectomy pseudophakic/aphakic status (P = 0.007) in eyes that did not use triamcinolone. CONCLUSION: Late-onset ocular hypertension occurred in 4.9% of vitrectomized eyes. The main risk factors were intraoperative use of triamcinolone and postvitrectomy pseudophakic/aphakic status.
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Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Hipertensão Ocular/fisiopatologia , Doenças Retinianas/cirurgia , Vitrectomia/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Hipertensão Ocular/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Ocular/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Background: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) often leads to visual symptoms such as metamorphopsia and decreased central vision. This study aimed to evaluate functional, structural, and microvascular characteristics in patients with different stages of idiopathic ERM who were candidates for surgery, with a focus on identifying potential indicators for surgical timing. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients with unilateral idiopathic ERM who were candidates for surgery. Patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological assessments, including OCT grading, reading performance evaluation, and OCT angiography. Data analysis included comparisons between different ERM stages for functional, structural, and microvascular parameters. Results: A total of 44 eyes were included, classified into four ERM stages according to the Govetto grading system. Functional parameters, including distance and near visual acuity, worsened significantly with higher ERM stages, particularly in the transition from Stage 3 to Stage 4. Structural assessments revealed significant increases in central macular thickness (CMT) from Stage 3 to Stage 4. No significant differences were observed in microvascular features across different ERM stages. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant functional and anatomical impact of OCT staging in idiopathic ERM, particularly during the transition from Stage 3 to Stage 4, characterized by notable reductions in visual acuity and increases in CMT. These findings underscore the importance of considering both functional and structural parameters in surgical decision-making for ERM management. However, further research with larger cohorts is needed to confirm these observations and inform clinical practice.
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Objectives: This study compared long-term surgical outcomes of the scleral flap versus scleral pocket technique for sutureless intrascleral one-piece intraocular lens (IOL) fixation. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted at a single center, involving consecutive patients undergoing sutureless intrascleral one-piece IOL implantation, between January 2020 and May 2022. Eyes were divided into two groups based on the surgical technique: group 1 underwent scleral flap (n = 64), and group 2 received scleral pocket technique (n = 59). Visual acuity, refractive outcomes, and complications were assessed over a minimum 24-month follow-up period. Results: Both groups showed improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), increasing from 0.84 ± 0.56 logMAR at baseline to 0.39 ± 0.23 logMAR (p = 0.042) at 24 months in group 1 and from 0.91 ± 0.63 logMAR at baseline to 0.45 ± 0.38 logMAR (p = 0.039) at 24 months in group 2. No significant differences in BCVA were observed between the groups at baseline (p = 0.991), 12 (p = 0.496) and 24 months (p = 0.557). Mean spherical equivalent (-0.73 ± 1.32 D in group 1 and -0.92 ± 0.99 D in group 2, p = 0.447), refractive prediction error (-0.21 ± 1.1 D in group 1 and -0.35 ± 1.8 D in group 2, p = 0.377), and surgically induced astigmatism (0.74 ± 0.89 D in group 1 and 0.85 ± 0.76 in group 2, p = 0.651) were comparable between the two groups. An IOL tilt of 5.5 ± 1.8 and 5.8 ± 2.0 degrees (p = 0.867) and an IOL decentration of 0.41 ± 0.21 mm and 0.29 ± 0.11 mm (p = 0.955) were obtained, respectively, in group 1 and group 2 at 24 months. Mean endothelial cell density remained stable at 24 months in both groups (p = 0.832 in group 1 and p = 0.443 in group 2), and it was 1747.20 ± 588.03 cells/mm2 in group 1 and 1883.71 ± 621.29 cells/mm2 in group 2 (p = 0.327) at baseline, 1545.36 ± 442.3 cells/mm2 in group 1 and 1417.44 ± 623.40 cells/mm2 in group 2 (p = 0.483) at 24 months. No cases of endophthalmitis were observed. Conclusions: The scleral pocket technique for sutureless intrascleral one-piece IOL fixation is comparable to the traditional scleral flap technique in terms of long-term visual outcomes and safety. The scleral pocket technique offers a simplified approach and a viable option even for less experienced surgeons.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of dry eye disease (DED) prevalence in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab. METHODS: This prospective case-control study included consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe AD scheduled for dupilumab between May and December 2021 and healthy subjects. DED prevalence, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear film breakup time test, osmolarity, Oxford staining score, and Schirmer test results were collected at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after dupilumab therapy. The Eczema Area and Severity Index was assessed at baseline. Ocular side effects and discontinuation of dupilumab were also recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-two eyes from 36 patients with AD treated with dupilumab and 36 healthy controls were included. Prevalence of DED increased from 16.7% at baseline to 33.3% at 6 months in the dupilumab group ( P = 0.001), whereas it remained unchanged in the control group ( P = 0.110). At 6 months, the Ocular Surface Disease Index and Oxford score increased (from 8.5 ± 9.8 to 11.0 ± 13.0, P = 0.068, and from 0.1 ± 0.5 to 0.3 ± 0.6, P = 0.050, respectively), the tear film breakup time test and Schirmer test results decreased (from 7.8 ± 2.6 s to 7.1 ± 2.7 s, P < 0.001, and from 15.4 ± 9.6 mm to 13.2 ± 7.9 mm, P = 0.036, respectively) in the dupilumab group, whereas they remained stable in the control group ( P > 0.05). Osmolarity was unchanged (dupilumab P = 0.987 and controls P = 0.073). At 6 months after dupilumab therapy, 42% of patients had conjunctivitis, 36% blepharitis, and 2.8% keratitis. No severe side effects were reported, and none of the patients discontinued dupilumab. No association between Eczema Area and Severity Index and DED prevalence was shown. CONCLUSIONS: DED prevalence increased in patients with AD treated with dupilumab at 6 months. However, no severe ocular side effects were found and no patient discontinued therapy.
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Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Humanos , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Eczema/induzido quimicamente , Eczema/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the associations between visual acuity (VA) and retinal thickness in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with neovascular AMD (68 eyes) undergoing anti-VEGF therapy with two years of follow-up imaging data after the initiation of treatment were retrospectively included. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses with curve fitting estimation were performed to explore the relationship between visual acuity and OCT-based parameters at the 3-month and 24-month follow-up visits. Regression analyses were also performed between visual acuity and the retinal thickness deviation which was calculated as the absolute value of the difference between measured and normative retinal thickness values. RESULTS: The VA was not associated with either foveal (R2 = 0.011 and p = .401 at 3 months; R2 = 0.032 and p = .142 at 24 months) or parafoveal (R2 = 0.045 and p = .081 at 3 months; R2 = 0.050 and p = .055 at 24 months) retinal thicknesses. Compared with the linear models, a quadratic function yielded a relative increase in the R2 coefficients. Conversely, the VA was linearly associated with foveal retinal thickness deviation (R2 = 0.041 and p = .037 at 24 months) and parafoveal retinal thickness deviation (R2 = 0.062 and p = .040 at 3 months; R2 = 0.088 and p = .014 at 24 months) values. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no linear relationship between retinal thickness and VA, a weak but statistically significant linear relationship could be observed when a retinal thickness deviation was considered. This suggests that deviation-based parameters may be beneficial for structure-function correlations in the context of anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD.
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Objectives: To assess the reversibility of retinal microvascular changes in the long term and to investigate the potential links with other vascular diseases of COVID-19. Methods: We designed a prospective multicenter observational study. Patients were enrolled from the Methuselah study cohort. Retinal vascular function was studied in these patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA); aortic stiffness was measured using aortic pulse wave velocity. These examinations were performed 1 (Visit 1) and 12 (Visit 2) months after the hospital discharge for severe COVID-19. A control subject group matched for age and sex was included to define normal values. Results: A total of 28 control subjects (56 eyes) and 25 patients (50 eyes) completed the scheduled OCTA assessment; 18 patients (36 eyes) also completed the macrovascular examination. Compared to controls, the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was reduced, whereas the foveal avascular zone area was enlarged at Visit 1 (p = 0.016 and < 0.001, respectively) and was not modified after the 12-month follow-up in COVID-19 patients (p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively). Higher inflammation and lower renal function during hospitalization were linked to higher aortic stiffness and reduced vessel density of the SCP 1 month after the acute phase of COVID-19. A slower recovery of aortic dysfunction was linked to worse retinal vascular outcomes at Visit 2. Conclusion: Retinal vascular alterations were not reversible 12 months after COVID-19 and were linked to inflammation and renal dysfunction during hospitalization as well as to aortic stiffness measured during follow-up.
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PURPOSE: To describe and validate a 3D-printed adapter tool which could be used with either a slit lamp or a condensing lens, interchangeable between devices through magnetic fastening, in order to provide physicians a quick, easy and effective method of obtaining clinical photos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three specialists, with at least 4-year experience in ophthalmology, gave a rate of image quality obtained by our device and the diagnostic confidence grade. The 3 specialists conducted each 13 or 14 examinations with the smartphone and magnetic adapter. At the end of evaluation, they rated with the Likert scale the ease of use of the device in obtaining clinical images of the anterior segment and ocular fundus respectively. RESULTS: Data of quality perception and confidence demonstrated high values not dissimilar to the "de visu" eye examination. Moreover the instrument we designed turned out to be very user friendly. CONCLUSION: Our adapter coupled with a modern smartphone was able to obtain 4k images and videos of anterior segment, central and peripheral fundus, in an easy and inexpensive way.
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(1) Purpose: To determine the "retinal thickness deviation" (RTD) in diabetic macular edema (DME) eyes treated with intravitreal therapy and to establish associations between RTD and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, including consecutive patients with DME eyes undergoing intravitreal therapy with two years of follow-up. BCVA and central subfield thickness (CST) were collected at baseline and at 12 months and 24 months of follow-up. RTD was calculated as the absolute difference between measured and normative CST values at each time point. Linear regression analyses were performed between RTD and BCVA and between CST and BCVA. (3) Results: One hundred and four eyes were included in the analysis. The RTD was 177.0 (117.2) µm at baseline, 97.0 (99.7) µm at 12 months and 89.9 (75.3) µm at 24 months of follow-up (p < 0.001). RTD showed a moderate association with BCVA at baseline (R2 = 0.134, p < 0.001) and 12 months (R2 = 0.197, p < 0.001) and a substantial association at 24 months (R2 = 0.272, p < 0.001). The CST showed a moderate association with BCVA at baseline (R2 = 0.132, p < 0.001) and 12 months (R2 = 0.136, p < 0.001), while the association was weak at 24 months (R2 = 0.065, p = 0.009). (4) Conclusions: RTD showed a good association with visual outcome in patients with DME eyes undergoing intravitreal treatment.
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The purpose of this report was to present a case of a refractory full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) complicated with recurrent retinal detachment (RD) previously treated with an autologous platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) plug. A 65-year-old male patient presented to our department with a FTMH, RD, and a giant retinal break. Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.40 logMAR (20/500). A 25-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed, with peripheral retinal-breaks laser barrage, peeling of the internal limiting membrane, and silicon oil injection. One month later, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed the persistence of the FTMH with a diameter of 712 µm. Therefore, the patient underwent silicon oil removal and aPRP injection with good anatomical outcome and improvement of BCVA to 0.6 log-MAR (20/80). Two months later a recurrence of macula-off RD was detected, but SD-OCT showed that the aPRP plug was still in place and kept the two margins of the macular hole together. The patient underwent a further PPV with silicon oil injection and subsequent silicon oil removal with no postoperative complications. Two months later, the retina remained attached, SD-OCT confirmed FTMH closure and BCVA was 0.52 logMAR (20/63). In conclusion, this case report aims to underline the remarkable efficacy of aPRP in promoting FTMH closure, which was maintained despite subsequent recurrence of macula-off RD.
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Macular peeling combined or followed by intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-i) was recommended as an efficacy approach for tractional diabetic macular edema (tDME). Knowing the synergistic effect of cataract surgery and DEX-i one month earlier in eyes with DME, we compared Epiretinal Membrane/Inner Limiting Membrane (ERM/ILM) peeling preceded by DEX-i one month before versus ERM/ILM peeling alone for the treatment of tDME. A retrospective study on patients affected by tDME who underwent ERM/ILM peeling one month after DEX-i (n = 11; Group A) or ERM/ILM peeling alone (n = 10; Group B) was performed. Longitudinal comparison of best-correct visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) between the time of surgery (T0) and each time point (months 1,3,5,6) within and among the groups were assessed. To evaluate the repeated measurements of BCVA, CRT, and IOP, a linear mixed-effects model was used. In Group A, DEX-i significantly improved mean BCVA and CRT (P < 0.001) just after 1 month (T0). After ERM/ILM peeling, mean BCVA and CRT significantly improved from month 1 in Group A and month 3 in Group B. Mixed model revealed a significant difference in BCVA (P ≤ 0.0001) and CRT (P ≤ 0.02) at different time-points among the groups with better results in Group A. Neither complications nor uncontrolled IOP increase was detected. ERM/ILM peeling confirmed its effectiveness in treating tDME. DEX-i performed one month before surgery seemed to be a safe approach and ensured a greater and faster recovery considering functional and tomographic parameters.