Giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureterocele with duplex system in adults: Report of a case.

Giant hydronephrosis in adults is a rare entity. It is defined as an extensive dilatation of the pyelocaliceal cavities occupying a large part of the abdominal cavity. Giant hydronephrosis is usually due to pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction and is usually diagnosed in children and infants. Ureterocele, which is a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter, often drains the upper part of the kidney in patients with a duplex system. Massive hydronephrosis in a patient with duplex system and obstructive ureterocele was described by Aeron et al. in 2017. A thorough search of the major medical databases disclosed that no other cases have been reported since. We describe a second case of unilateral complete duplex system with ureterocele and massive hydronephrosis of the upper moiety in an adult man with intermittent abdominal pain associated with constipation and a decrease in appetite. The renal function of the left kidney was 8% of total function by radionuclide renal scan. The patient subsequently underwent left laparoscopic nephrectomy.

[Use of TachoSil in laparoscopic enucleoresection of renal masses smaller than 4 cm: our preliminary experience of 41 cases]. / Utilizzo di Tachosil nell'enucleoresezione renale laparoscopica di masse inferiori a 4 cm: la nostra esperienza preliminare di 41 casi.

INTRODUCTION: In nephron-sparing surgery the use of new and various hemostatic materials has provided a significant support in the control of intraoperative hemostasis of resection bed. Objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of hemostatic material TachoSil in laparoscopic treatment of renal masses <4 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 41 patients underwent laparoscopic renal enucleoresection. In all patients one or more hemostatic TachoSil sponges were used, affixed to the bed of resection; we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of this technique. Transperitoneal access in 39 patients with antero-lateral mass and retroperitoneoscopic access in 2 patients with middle-posterior mass. After performing a warm ischemia, we proceeded to mass enucleoresection by cold blade, and to hemostasis control by suturing open vessels on the resection bed with "central suturing" technique. After unclamping the renal artery, one or more hemostatic sponges of TachoSil were always used (fibrinogen and human thrombin) affixed to the bed section. RESULTS: No significant variations of Hb, BUN and Crs. 3 cases (6.9% of renal units) of intraoperative hemorrhage requesting blood transfusion, 2 cases (4.6% of renal units) of urinary leakage at low pressure, treated conservatively with retrograde application of ureteral stent DJ for 21 days; 2 patients underwent new laparoscopy and suture. The mean time to hemostasis, evaluated in terms of the absence of macroscopic intraoperative bleeding after the application of TachoSil, was 5.5 (3-16) minutes. Average hospital stay: 5.5 (4-11) days. FOLLOW-UP: 37.6 (5-84) months. DISCUSSION: The control of hemostasis is the key problem inherent to laparoscopic technique and can be approached using hemostatic agents. Currently hemostatic agents such as TachoSil ® are used increasingly as an adjuvant agent in the control of bleeding, having an excellent application in laparoscopic renal enucleoresection, and proving safe and effective in the treatment of tumors below 4 cm.

[Conservative endoscopic retrograde treatment of upper urinary tract tumors: retrospective analysis of the last 105 cases]. / Trattamento conservativo endoscopico retrogrado dei tumori dell'alta via urinaria: analisi retrospettiva degli ultimi 105 casi.

INTRODUCTION: Modern flexible ureterorenoscopy allows a retrograde approach to urothelial tumors in the upper urinary tract (UUTT) of small dimensions (<1.5 cm), of low grade and non-invasive. The percutaneous renal approach, although more invasive, provides an alternative treatment in case of larger dimension neoplasia or difficult retrograde access. The key to the success of endoscopic treatment of UUTT is an accurate patient selection. We will bring our experience in the treatment of UUTT by conservative endoscopic retrograde treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment through endoscopic retrograde approach with rigid or flexible ureterorenoscopy has been applied to 105 patients; lesions were treated with electrocution or lasers using thin laser fibers type Ho:YAG. We evaluated the recurrence rate and the intra- and perioperative complications. RESULTS: The recurrence rate was equal to 30.4%. In no case was it necessary to recur to blood transfusion; 15% of wall perforations treated in a conservative manner occurred without following complications. DISCUSSION: Technological innovations, miniaturization and the increase of energy sources, such as fiber laser Holmium, have improved the management of endoscopic instruments for upper urinary tract tumors. The endoscopic retrograde conservative treatment is considered a valid alternative approach in the case of low-stage tumors, low-grading and small in dimensions.

[Fluorescence cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate: our preliminary experience of 184 procedures]. / Cistoscopia a fluorescenza con esaminolevulinato. La nostra esperienza preliminare su 184 procedure.

INTRODUCTION: Fluorescence cystoscopy (FC) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is a recently introduced technique of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), which aims to improve the accuracy of white light cystoscopy (WLC) in the diagnosis of superficial bladder tumors (NMIBC), and especially of flat urothelial lesions (dysplasia and Ca in situ). We report our experience of a number of cases of WLC and FC in a single moment with HAL in the diagnosis and follow-up of NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method was applied to 184 selected patients with a diagnosis or clinical suspicion - instrumental or early recurrence of bladder neoplasia. The lesions found in white light (WL) and/or blue light (FC) were sampled separately for histological examination. We evaluated the results in terms of diagnostic gain compared to treatment with one WL, false positivity and recurrence-free survival compared to historical reference group treated with WL only. RESULTS: 26.1% of the lesions were found only by the PDD method. The false positivity due to the method adopted was 21.2%. The gain in terms of recurrence-free survival (compared with historical reference group treated only with WL) was 22.3% at 12 months and 24.4% at 20 months. It did not show any systemic side effects. DISCUSSION: The PDD is a technique that can significantly increase the diagnostic accuracy of NMIBC.